-ir

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ir"

French

Etymology

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish -ir, Italian -ire, Romanian -i and -î, etc.

Suffix

-ir

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Usage notes

• Most verbs with infinitives in -ir are marked by the once-inchoative infix -iss- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are choisir (“to choose”) and pourrir (“to rot”). A fair number of these have English counterparts in -ish; three such are finir (“to finish”), nourrir (“to feed, to nourish”), and polir (“to polish”).
• A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -ir but do not use the infix -iss-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verbs sortir (“to go out, to take out”), partir (“to leave”), dormir (“to sleep”).
• This suffix is spelled -ïr on a few verbs where the previous syllable ends in a vowel, such as haïr (“to hate”) and ouïr (“to hear”). Additionally, it is spelled -ire on the verb maudire (“to curse”), by analogy with the related but irregular verb dire (“to say”).
• Not all verbs whose infinitives happen to end in these letters can truly be said to have this suffix; in particular, a fair number of irregular verbs have infinitives in the unrelated suffix -oir.

See also

• -er
• -ire
• -oir
• -re

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Ido

Etymology

Modeled after -ar and -is.

Suffix

-ir

1. Used to denote the past infinitive of a verb.

   Me devas telefonir tu.

   I should have called you.

Related terms

• -ar (present infinitive tense)
• -or (future infinitive tense)

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Old French

Etymology

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-ir

1. suffix used to form infinitives of second conjugation verbs

See also

• Appendix:Old French verbs
• -er

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-ir (first-person singular present indicative -o, past participle -ido)

1. A verb ending for infinitives.

Conjugation

  Conjugation of the Portuguese -ir verb -ir

Notes:[edit] This is a regular verb of the -ir group. Verbs with this conjugation include: definir, descobrir, desistir, garantir, partir.
	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	-ir
Personal	-ir	-ires	-ir	-irmos	-irdes	-irem
Gerund
	-indo
Past participle
Masculine	-ido			-idos
Feminine	-ida			-idas
Indicative
Present	-o	-es	-e	-imos	-is	-em
Imperfect	-ia	-ias	-ia	-íamos	-íeis	-iam
Preterite	-i	-iste	-iu	-imos	-istes	-iram
Pluperfect	-ira	-iras	-ira	-íramos	-íreis	-iram
Future	-irei	-irás	-irá	-iremos	-ireis	-irão
Conditional
	-iria	-irias	-iria	-iríamos	-iríeis	-iriam
Subjunctive
Present	-a	-as	-a	-amos	-ais	-am
Imperfect	-isse	-isses	-isse	-íssemos	-ísseis	-issem
Future	-ir	-ires	-ir	-irmos	-irdes	-irem
Imperative
Affirmative	-	-e	-a	-amos	-i	-am
Negative (não)	-	-as	-a	-amos	-ais	-am

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-ir (first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -ido)

1. A verb ending for infinitives.

See also

• -ar
• -er

Conjugation

Below are the suffixes for the regular conjugation of -ir verb

    Conjugation of -ir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)^{edit data}

infinitive			-ir
gerund			-iendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		-ido		-ida
		plural		-idos		-idas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	-o	-estú -ísvos	-e	-imos	-ís	-en
	imperfect	-ía	-ías	-ía	-íamos	-íais	-ían
	preterite	-í	-iste	-ió	-imos	-isteis	-ieron
	future	-iré	-irás	-irá	-iremos	-iréis	-irán
	conditional	-iría	-irías	-iría	-iríamos	-iríais	-irían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	-a	-astú -ásvos1	-a	-amos	-áis	-an
	imperfect (ra)	-iera	-ieras	-iera	-iéramos	-ierais	-ieran
	imperfect (se)	-iese	-ieses	-iese	-iésemos	-ieseis	-iesen
	future	-iere	-ieres	-iere	-iéremos	-iereis	-ieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		-etú -ívos	-a	-amos	-id	-an
	negative		no -as	no -a	no -amos	no -áis	no -an

¹ Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.