durcir
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Back-formation from endurcir, based on Latin dūrēscere.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]durcir
- to harden
- (pronominal) to harden, become more serious
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of durcir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | durcir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | durcissant /dyʁ.si.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | durci /dyʁ.si/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | durcis /dyʁ.si/ |
durcis /dyʁ.si/ |
durcit /dyʁ.si/ |
durcissons /dyʁ.si.sɔ̃/ |
durcissez /dyʁ.si.se/ |
durcissent /dyʁ.sis/ |
| imperfect | durcissais /dyʁ.si.sɛ/ |
durcissais /dyʁ.si.sɛ/ |
durcissait /dyʁ.si.sɛ/ |
durcissions /dyʁ.si.sjɔ̃/ |
durcissiez /dyʁ.si.sje/ |
durcissaient /dyʁ.si.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | durcis /dyʁ.si/ |
durcis /dyʁ.si/ |
durcit /dyʁ.si/ |
durcîmes /dyʁ.sim/ |
durcîtes /dyʁ.sit/ |
durcirent /dyʁ.siʁ/ | |
| future | durcirai /dyʁ.si.ʁe/ |
durciras /dyʁ.si.ʁa/ |
durcira /dyʁ.si.ʁa/ |
durcirons /dyʁ.si.ʁɔ̃/ |
durcirez /dyʁ.si.ʁe/ |
durciront /dyʁ.si.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | durcirais /dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ |
durcirais /dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ |
durcirait /dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ |
durcirions /dyʁ.si.ʁjɔ̃/ |
durciriez /dyʁ.si.ʁje/ |
durciraient /dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | durcisse /dyʁ.sis/ |
durcisses /dyʁ.sis/ |
durcisse /dyʁ.sis/ |
durcissions /dyʁ.si.sjɔ̃/ |
durcissiez /dyʁ.si.sje/ |
durcissent /dyʁ.sis/ |
| imperfect2 | durcisse /dyʁ.sis/ |
durcisses /dyʁ.sis/ |
durcît /dyʁ.si/ |
durcissions /dyʁ.si.sjɔ̃/ |
durcissiez /dyʁ.si.sje/ |
durcissent /dyʁ.sis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | durcis /dyʁ.si/ |
— | durcissons /dyʁ.si.sɔ̃/ |
durcissez /dyʁ.si.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “durcir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.