-im
Albanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]either a derivation of -më from Proto-Albanian *-mā, from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ or from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós, abstract noun suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]-im m
- -ism, -ation, -ment; Suffixed to nouns or verbs to form masculine abstract nouns of practice (action or incidence), result, teaching (doctrine or philosophy), or status (state or condition) related to the thing or action
Related terms
[edit]Bislama
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
- Indicates a transitive verb
Usage notes
[edit]The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is i, then the suffix is -im. Otherwise, use -em or -um.
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ims)
- diminutive suffix added to nouns
- noun-forming suffix added to verbs
Derived terms
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]-i (possessive plural) + -m (first-person singular personal suffix)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
Usage notes
[edit]- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -im is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -aim is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -eim is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -jaim is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
- -jeim is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
Declension
[edit]For back vowel words:
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -im | — |
accusative | -imat | — |
dative | -imnak | — |
instrumental | -immal | — |
causal-final | -imért | — |
translative | -immá | — |
terminative | -imig | — |
essive-formal | -imként | — |
essive-modal | -imul | — |
inessive | -imban | — |
superessive | -imon | — |
adessive | -imnál | — |
illative | -imba | — |
sublative | -imra | — |
allative | -imhoz | — |
elative | -imból | — |
delative | -imról | — |
ablative | -imtól | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-imé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-iméi | — |
For front vowel words:
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -im | — |
accusative | -imet | — |
dative | -imnek | — |
instrumental | -immel | — |
causal-final | -imért | — |
translative | -immé | — |
terminative | -imig | — |
essive-formal | -imként | — |
essive-modal | -imül | — |
inessive | -imben | — |
superessive | -imen | — |
adessive | -imnél | — |
illative | -imbe | — |
sublative | -imre | — |
allative | -imhez | — |
elative | -imből | — |
delative | -imről | — |
ablative | -imtől | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-imé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-iméi | — |
See also
[edit]Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish -imm. The m is always broad (velarized) in Ulster, as if the ending were spelled -(e)am. This pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad m found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as agam, asam, chugam etc. Compare Scottish Gaelic -am (first-person singular imperative).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
- first-person singular present indicative and imperative ending of verbs
Usage notes
[edit]- This form is attached to first-conjugation verbs with stems ending in either a slender consonant or a vowel;
- Used in place of the pronoun mé:
References
[edit]- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 292, page 104
Phalura
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
- Feminine plural agreement suffix
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
- Feminine plural agreement suffix
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Pijin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
- Indicates a transitive verb
Usage notes
[edit]The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is i, then the suffix is -im. Otherwise, use -em or -um.
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Rhymes: -ĩ
Suffix
[edit]-im m (plural -ins)
- (uncommon) forms diminutives
- Pronunciation spelling of -inho, representing especially Minas Gerais Portuguese.
Related terms
[edit]Tok Pisin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-im
- Indicates a transitive verb
Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish م (-m, ım, -im, “first-person singular possessive suffix”), from Old Anatolian Turkish م (-m, um, -üm, “first-person singular possessive suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *-im. Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰢 (m /-m, -ım, -im, -um, -üm/, “first-person singular possessive suffix”).
Suffix
[edit]-im
- First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
Usage notes
[edit]- Turkish has word-final stress. Usually, when the possessive suffix -im is the last syllable of a word, it takes the stress. See also the first usage note of Etymology 2. However, when suffixed to a word with anomalous stress, the same syllable is stressed as before; for example, İzmir /ˈiz.miɾ/ + -im → İzmir’im /ˈiz.mi.ɾim/ (“my Izmir”).
- If the noun ends in a vowel, the vowel of the possessive suffix is elided, becoming -m:
- kedi (“cat”) + -im → kedim (“my cat”).
- The suffix obeys vowel harmony and is used for words whose last vowel is e or i, and a small number of loan words; for example, saat (“watch”) + -im → saatim (“my watch”). It may change into -ım, -um and -üm according to the last vowel of the word it is suffixed to. Examples:
- When a stem ends in a voiced consonant, it may become devoiced in syllable-final position. If a word ends in a thus devoiced “p”, “ç”, “t” or “k”, suffixing it with -im changes it back into a voiced “b”, “c”, “d” or “ğ”:
- In many words that are originally monosyllables ending in two consonants, an epenthic “i” is inserted between these consonants. When suffixed with -im, the epenthic “i” is dropped:
- beyin (“brain”) + -im → beynim (“my brain”).
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish ـم, ـن (-im, -ım, -in, -ın, -en, “first-person singular suffix”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (-ven, “first-person singular suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-bẹn (see ben (“I”)). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤 (mn² /-men/, “first person singular suffix”), Karakhanid مَنْ (men, “I, first person singular postposition”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (-men, “first person singular suffix”).
The suffix ultimately merged with the first-person singular possessive suffix (see Etymology 1 above) following the road *-bẹn → *-vẹn → *-ẹn → *-ẹm → -im. 11th-century Karakhanid scholar of Turkic languages Kashgari already hints that the Oghuz use *-en dropping /m/ as opposed to the Karakhanid using "-men" Compare Turkmen -in, -än (“first-person singular suffix”), Azerbaijani -əm (“first-person singular suffix”). For a similar case of loss of initial /b/ at the suffix level, compare -iz (“first-person plural suffix”), from Common Turkic *biz (see biz (“we”)).
Suffix
[edit]-im
- Conjugation of the verb "to be" for first-person singular, simple present tense.
- Personal suffix for "ben" ("I" - first person singular)
Usage notes
[edit]- In Turkish, as a word final stress language, when this suffix is at the end of a word it does not take the stress due to not being originally a suffix; therefore a differentiation is realized where the possessive suffix carries the stress. See also the first usage note on Etymology 1.
- bel (“waist”) + -im (“first person suffix for "to be"”) → bélim (“I am (the) waist”), as opposed to bel (“waist”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → belím (“my waist”)
- gel- (“come”) + -(i)r (“present tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → gelírim (“I come”), as opposed to gelir (“income”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → gelirím (“my income”)
- gel- (“come”) + -ecek (“future tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → gelecéğim (“I will come”), as opposed to gelecek (“future”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → geleceğím (“my future”) or also alternatively gelecek (“future”) + -im (“first person suffix for "to be"”) → gelecéğim (“I am (the) future”)
- If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "y" (for the verb to be).
- It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
- It's always -um in present continuous tense. And in other tenses, the personal suffix may also be -ım, -um, -üm according to the last vowel of the word.
- ver- (“give”) + -iyor (“present continuous tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → veriyorum (“I am giving”)
- üzül- (“be sad”) + -(ü)r (“present tense marker”) + -üm (“personal suffix”) → üzülürüm (“I become sad”)
- kal- (“stay”) + -(ı)r (“present tense marker”) + -ım (“personal suffix”) → kalırım (“I stay”)
- bul- (“find”) + -(u)r (“present tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → bulurum (“I find”)
Related terms
[edit]- ben (“I”)
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *-im.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-ım | -im | -um | -üm |
-im
- Derives nouns from verbs of an instance of, or a result of performing, the action implied by the verb.
Derived terms
[edit]Uzbek
[edit]Suffix
[edit]postconsonantal | -im |
---|---|
postvocalic | -m |
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | -им |
Latin | |
Perso-Arabic |
-im
- first-person singular possessive suffix, used after a noun ending in a consonant
- Bu kitobim.
- This is my book.
Volapük
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós).
Suffix
[edit]-im
Derived terms
[edit]- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian articles
- Bislama terms inherited from English
- Bislama terms derived from English
- Bislama lemmas
- Bislama suffixes
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan noun-forming suffixes
- Catalan countable suffixes
- Catalan masculine suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/im
- Rhymes:Hungarian/im/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish suffixes
- Irish inflectional suffixes
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura suffixes
- Pijin terms inherited from English
- Pijin terms derived from English
- Pijin lemmas
- Pijin suffixes
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩ/1 syllable
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese suffixes
- Portuguese masculine suffixes
- Portuguese noun-forming suffixes
- Portuguese terms with uncommon senses
- Portuguese pronunciation spellings
- Tok Pisin terms inherited from English
- Tok Pisin terms derived from English
- Tok Pisin lemmas
- Tok Pisin suffixes
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Turkish inflectional suffixes
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish noun-forming suffixes
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes
- Uzbek terms with usage examples
- Uzbek nominal affixes
- Volapük terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük suffixes