ـم

Bulgar

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ما (ma), مه (me).

Suffix

ـمَ (-ma, -me)

1. Suffix creating emphasis, reduplication.

Derived terms

• طَنْطُرْمَ (tanturma)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic.

Suffix

ـمْ (-m)

1. Suffix creating ordinals for the numbers ending with a consonant.

   Synonym: ـش

Derived terms

• برم (birim)
• وجم (weçim)
• تواتم (tüwetim)
• بلم (belim)
• وانم (wânım), ونم (wanım)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1988), Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Iranian *-mai, genetive first person singular enclitic pronoun.

Alternative forms

• ام (-am) (used for words ending in ـه (-e) (non-joining))
• ـیم (-yam) (used for words ending in ا (â) and و (u, o))

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈ‿am/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [‿äm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [‿äm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [‿äm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [‿äm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [‿æm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [‿äm]

Readings
Classical reading?	‿am
Dari reading?	‿am
Iranian reading?	‿am
Tajik reading?	‿am

Suffix

Dari	ـم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	-ам

ـم • (-am)

2. First-person singular possessive suffix.

Derived terms

Persian terms suffixed with ـم (possessive)

ایورم

عزیزم

See also

Persian possessive suffixes

		singular	plural
1st person		ـَم (-am)	ـِمان (-emân)
2nd person		ـَت (-at)	ـِتان (-etân)
3rd person		ـَش (-aš)	ـِشان (-ešân)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (-om).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈ‿um/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [‿ʊm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [‿ʊm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [‿ʊm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [‿um]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [‿om]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [‿um]

Readings
Classical reading?	‿um
Dari reading?	‿um
Iranian reading?	‿om
Tajik reading?	‿um

Suffix

Dari	ـم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	-ум

ـُم • (-om)

1. -th; creates ordinal numbers

   پنجم ― panj-om ― fifth

   بیست و یکم ― bist-o yek-om ― twenty-first

2. -th; creates fractions

   یک ششم میوه ― yek šeš-om-e mive ― a sixth of the fruit

Usage notes

An ordinal number formed by the suffix ـم (-om) behaves syntactically as a regular adjective, unlike the cardinals, and takes the ezâfe.

بیست قرن ― bist qarn ― twenty centuries

قرن بیستم ― qarn-e bistom ― twentieth century

Persian has two ways to form the ordinals: ـم (-om), and the related ـمین (-omin). The -om forms have a stronger connotation of labeling, while the -omin forms have a stronger connotation of counting according to a certain criterion. The -omin forms also precede the attributed noun without the ezâfe.

خانه سوم خیابان ― xâne-ye sevvom-e xiyâbân ― third house on the street [out of all houses]

سومین خانه سیاه خیابان ― sevvomin xâne-ye siyâh-e xiyâbân ― the third black house on the street

For "first" in isolation (but not in compounds), یکم (yekom) is much less common than the Arabic-borrowed اول (avval).

Uyghur

Suffix

ـم • (-m)

1. First-person singular possessive suffix.

Usage notes

• (instantaneous suffix) Harmonic variants:

  ـم (-m) is added to open syllable words

  ـىم (-im) is added to close syllable unrounded vowel words

  ـۇم (-um) is added to close syllable rounded back vowel words

  ـۈم (-üm) is added to close syllable rounded front vowel words

Uyghur possessive suffixes

			Open syllable		Closed syllable or Open syllable with accent interfixed with ـيـ (-y-)
					Unrounded vowel		Rounded vowel
			Back vowel	Front vowel	Back vowel	Front vowel	Back vowel	Front vowel
1st person	singular (my) مېنىڭ (mëning)		ـم (-m)		ـىم (-im)		ـۇم (-um)	ـۈم (-üm)
	plural (our) بىزنىڭ (bizning)		ـمىز (-miz)		ـىمىز (-imiz)
2nd person (your)	singular	ordinary سېنىڭ (sëning)	ـڭ (-ng)		ـىڭ (-ing)		ـۇڭ (-ung)	ـۈڭ (-üng)
		refined سىزنىڭ (sizning)	ـڭىز (-ngiz)		ـىڭىز (-i'ngiz)
	plural	ordinary سىلەرنىڭ (silerning)	ـڭلار (-nglar)		ـىڭلار (-inglar)		ـۇڭلار (-unglar)	ـۈڭلار (-ünglar)
		refined سىزلەرنىڭ (sizlerning)	ـڭىزلار (-ngizlar)	ـڭىزلەر (-ngizler)	ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar)	ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler)	ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar)	ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler)
	Singular & plural respectful سىلىنىڭ (silining) ھەر قايسىلىرىنىڭ (her qaysilirining)		ـلىرى (-liri)
3rd person	Singular & plural (his/her/its/their) ئۇنىڭ (uning) ئۇلارنىڭ (ularning)		ـسى (-si)		ـى (-i)

Derived terms

Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـم not found

See also

• Appendix:Uyghur suffixes