fraction

English

Etymology

From Middle English fraccioun (“a breaking”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French, from Medieval Latin fractio (“a fragment, portion”), from earlier Latin fractio (“a breaking, a breaking into pieces”), from fractus (English fracture), past participle of frangere (“to break”) (whence English frangible), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (English break).

Pronunciation

• enPR: frăkʹshən, IPA^(key): /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
• Rhymes: -ækʃən

Noun

fraction (plural fractions)

1. A part of a whole, especially a comparatively small part.
   • 1992, Rudolf M. Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, page vii

     With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]

2. A ratio of two numbers, the numerator and the denominator, usually written one above the other and separated by a horizontal bar.
3. (chemistry) A component of a mixture, separated by fractionation.
4. In a eucharistic service, the breaking of the host.
5. A small amount.
   • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 2, in The Celebrity:

     I had occasion […] to make a somewhat long business trip to Chicago, and on my return […] I found Farrar awaiting me in the railway station. He smiled his wonted fraction by way of greeting, […], and finally leading me to his buggy, turned and drove out of town.

   • 2011 January 29, Chris Bevan, “Torquay 0-1 Crawley Town”, in BBC:

     After kick-off was delayed because of crowd congestion, Torquay went closest to scoring in a cagey opening 30 minutes, when Danny Stevens saw a fierce shot from the edge of the area swerve a fraction wide.

6. The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.
   • Foxe

     Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any fraction or breaking up.

Quotations

• For usage examples of this term, see Citations:fraction.

Derived terms

Terms derived from fraction (noun)

• common fraction
• complex fraction
• decimal fraction
• Egyptian fraction
• field of fractions

• fractional
• improper fraction
• ordinal fraction
• partial fraction decomposition
• partial fraction expansion

• proper fraction
• simple fraction
• unit fraction
• vulgar fraction

Related terms

Terms etymologically related to fraction

• fractal
• fractious
• fracture

• fragment
• fragile

• frail
• frangible

Translations

part of a whole

• Bulgarian: част (bg) f (čast), частица (bg) f (častica)
• Catalan: fracció (ca), f
• Czech: zlomek (cs) m
• Danish: brøkdel c
• Estonian: murdosa
• Finnish: murto-osa
• French: fraction (fr) f
• German: Bruchteil (de) m
• Irish: codán m
• Italian: frazione (it) f
• Japanese: 断片 (dan-pen)
• Latvian: daļskaitlis m

• Macedonian: дел m (del), делче n (délče)
• Maori: hautau
• Norwegian: andel m, brøkdel (no) m
• Polish: ułamek (pl) m, cząstka (pl) f
• Portuguese: (Brazil) fração f, (Portugal) fracção f
• Romanian: fracție (ro)
• Russian: часть (ru) f (častʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: bìdeag f, criomag f, mìr m
• Serbo-Croatian: dȉo (sh) m, òdsječak (sh) m
• Spanish: fracción (es), f
• Swedish: bråkdel c
• Tagalog: bahagimbilang

arithmetic: ratio

• Arabic: كَسْر‏‎ (ar) m (kasr), كُسُور‏‎ m pl (kusūr)
• Armenian: կոտորակ (hy) (kotorak)
• Bulgarian: дроб f (drob)
• Catalan: fracció (ca), f
• Czech: zlomek (cs) m
• Danish: brøk c
• Dutch: breuk (nl) c
• Finnish: murtoluku (fi) (ratio of two integers); suhdeluku (fi) (ratio of real numbers)
• French: fraction (fr) f
• German: Bruch (de) m
• Greek: κλάσμα (el) n (klásma)
• Greenlandic: brøki
• Hungarian: tört (hu), törtszám (hu)
• Irish: codán m
• Italian: frazione (it) f
• Japanese: 分数 (ja) (bunsū)

• Macedonian: дропка f (drópka)
• Mongolian: бутархай тоо (butarhaj too)
• Norwegian: brøk (no) m
• Persian: کسر‏‎ (fa)
• Polish: ułamek (pl) m
• Portuguese: (Brazil) fração f, (Portugal) fracção f
• Romanian: fracție (ro) f
• Russian: дробь (ru) f (drobʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: bloigh f
• Serbo-Croatian: rázlomak (sh) m
• Slovene: ulomek (sl) m
• Spanish: fracción (es), f, quebrado (es) m
• Swedish: bråk (sv) n
• Tagalog: hatimbilang
• Tajik: каср (kasr)
• Thai: เศษส่วน (th)

chemistry: component separated by fractionation

• Bulgarian: фракция (bg) f (frakcija)
• Finnish: jae (fi)
• Norwegian: fraksjon m

• Romanian: fracțiune (ro) f
• Russian: фра́кция (ru) f (frákcija)

eucharistic service: breaking of the host

• Finnish: murtaminen (fi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} fractio

Verb

fraction (third-person singular simple present fractions, present participle fractioning, simple past and past participle fractioned)

1. To divide or break into fractions.

Translations

to divide into fractions

• Bulgarian: фракционирам (frakcioniram)

• Finnish: fraktioida, jakaa (fi), pilkkoa (fi)

References

• “fraction” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–.
• “fraction” in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.
• "fraction" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

Anagrams

• Croftian, factor in

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French

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

fraction f (plural fractions)

1. fraction (small amount)

   Je me suis endormi pendant une fraction de secondes.

2. (mathematics) fraction

   En divisant deux par trois, on obtient une fraction irréductible.

3. fraction, breakup

Derived terms

• fractionnaire
• fractionner

Anagrams

• fronçait

Further reading

• “fraction” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).