host

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See also: Host, höst, hőst, høst, and hosť

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK) IPA(key): /həʊst/
  • (US) IPA(key): /hoʊst/
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -əʊst

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English hoste, from Old French oste (French: hôte), from Latin hospitem, accusative of hospes (“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰostipotis (“master of guests”), from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, enemy”) and *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century. Doublet of guest.

Noun[edit]

host (plural hosts, feminine hostess)

  1. One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
    A good host is always considerate of the guest’s needs.
  2. One that provides a facility for an event.
  3. A person or organization responsible for running an event.
    Our company is host of the annual conference this year.
  4. A moderator or master of ceremonies for a performance.
    The host was terrible, but the acts themselves were good.
  5. (computing, Internet) Any computer attached to a network.
  6. (ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.
    • 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
      A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.
    Viruses depend on the host that they infect in order to be able to reproduce.
  7. (evolution, genetics) An organism bearing certain genetic material.
    The so-called junk DNA is known, so far, to provide no apparent benefit to its host.
  8. A paid male companion offering conversation and in some cases sex, as in certain types of bar in Japan.
Hyponyms[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

host (third-person singular simple present hosts, present participle hosting, simple past and past participle hosted)

  1. To perform the role of a host.
    • 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
      Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
    Our company will host the annual conference this year.
    I was terrible at hosting that show.
    I’ll be hosting tonight. I hope I’m not terrible.
  2. (obsolete, intransitive) To lodge at an inn.
  3. (computing, Internet) To run software made available to a remote user or process.
    • 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators, comp.protocols.tcp-ip, Usenet
      CMU/TEK TCP/IP software uses an excessive amount of cpu resources for terminal support both outbound, when accessing another system, and inbound, when the local system is hosting a session.
    Kremvax hosts a variety of services.
Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English oost, borrowed from Old French ost, oste, hoste, from Latin hostis (“foreign enemy”) (as opposed to inimicus (“personal enemy”)); cognate with etymology 1 through an Indo-European root.

Noun[edit]

host (plural hosts)

  2. A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)
    • 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. X, Plugson of Undershot
      Why, Plugson, even thy own host is all in mutiny: Cotton is conquered; but the ‘bare backs’ — are worse covered than ever!
    • 1955, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Return of the King, book 2, chapter 4, The Field of Cormallen
      All about the hosts of Mordor raged.
    • 2001, Carlos Parada, Hesione 2, Greek Mythology Link
      the invading host that had sailed from Hellas in more than one thousand ships was of an unprecedented size.
  3. A large number of items; a large inventory.
    The dealer stocks a host of parts for my Model A.
    • 1802, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
      I wandered lonely as a cloud
      That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
      When all at once I saw a crowd,
      A host, of golden daffodils; […]
    • 1836, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
      A short time since, some friends drinking tea one summer evening at their residence near Maidenhead, with all the windows of the drawing-room open, there suddenly burst in a host of small flies, which covered the table and the furniture […]
    • 2018 June 18, Phil McNulty, “Tunisia 1 – 2 England”, in BBC Sport‎[1], archived from the original on 21 April 2019:
      England ran Tunisia ragged in that spell but were punished for missing a host of chances when Ferjani Sassi equalised from the penalty spot against the run of play after Kyle Walker was penalised for an elbow on Fakhreddine Ben Youssef.
    • 2020 July 29, Ian Prosser discusses with Paul Stephen, “Rail needs robust and strategic plans”, in Rail, page 38:
      In the immediate term, there is a host of new operating procedures to be developed and to become familiarised with, in accordance with social distancing.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English host, oist, ost, from Old French hoiste, from Latin hostia (“sacrificial victim”). Doublet of hostie.

Noun[edit]

host (plural hosts)

  1. (Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
    • 1978, John Lydon (lyrics and music), “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
      Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck your host? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?
Translations[edit]
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Occitan òst, from Latin hostem, singular accusative of hostis, from Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

host f (plural hosts)

  1. army, troops

See also[edit]

Czech[edit]

FWOTD – 4 April 2013

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *gostь.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

host m

  1. guest
    Host do domu, Bůh do domu. ("A guest into the house, God into the house") — old proverb, meaning: respect should be shown to guests
    Host a ryba třetí den smrdí. - The guest and the fish smell the third day.

Declension[edit]

Declension
singular plural
nominative host hosti, hosté
genitive hosta hostů, hostí
dative hostu, hostovi hostům
accusative hosta hosty
vocative hoste hosti, hosté
locative hostu, hostovi hostech
instrumental hostem hosty

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • host in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • host in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From English host.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

host m (plural hosts, diminutive hostje n)

  1. (computing) host
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From hossen.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

host

  1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of hossen
  2. (archaic) plural imperative of hossen

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Related to hoste ("to cough").

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural host, definite plural hosta or hostene)

  1. a single cough expulsion
Usage notes[edit]
  • Prior to a 2020 spelling revision, this noun was also considered masculine.

Etymology 2[edit]

From English host.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hoster, definite plural hostene)

  1. (computing) host
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

host

  1. imperative of hoste

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Related to hosta, hoste ("to cough").

Noun[edit]

host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural host, definite plural hosta)

  1. a single cough expulsion

Etymology 2[edit]

From English host.

Noun[edit]

host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hostar, definite plural hostane)

  1. (computing) host
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

host

  1. imperative of hosta and hoste

References[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from English host.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

host m (plural hosts)

  1. (networking) host (computer attached to a network)

Slovene[edit]

Noun[edit]

hóst

  1. genitive dual/plural of họ̑sta

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English host. Doublet of huésped.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈxost/, [ˈxost̪]

Noun[edit]

host m or f (plural hosts)

  1. (computing, Internet) host (any computer attached to a network)
    Synonym: anfitrión
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