Jump to content

ost

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ōṣṭ, Ost, OST, ôt, öst, øst, osť, -ost, and -osť
Languages (21)
Translingual • English
Danish • Estonian • Faroese • French • Icelandic • Latvian • Middle French • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Czech • Old English • Old French • Papiamentu • Romanian • Romansch • Slovene • Swedish • Tocharian B • Vilamovian
Page categories

Translingual

[edit]

Symbol

[edit]

ost

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Osatu.

See also

[edit]

English

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost (plural osts)

  1. Obsolete form of oast.

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Danish

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Danish oost, Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *jūstaz, *justaz.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈost/, [ˈɔ̝sd̥], [ˈɔ̽st]

Noun

[edit]

ost c (singular definite osten, plural indefinite oste)

  1. cheese
Inflection
[edit]
Declension of ost
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ost osten oste ostene
genitive osts ostens ostes ostenes
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Low German ōst (“east”), from Proto-Germanic *austrą. Cognate of Danish øster, Danish øst.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ost

  1. (obsolete) east

Noun

[edit]

ost

  1. (obsolete) east
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ost

  1. past participle of ose

Estonian

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost (genitive ostu, partitive ostu)

  1. purchase

Declension

[edit]
Declension of ost (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
singular plural
nominative ost ostud
accusative nom.
gen. ostu
genitive ostude
partitive ostu oste
ostusid
illative ostu
ostusse 		ostudesse
ostesse
inessive ostus ostudes
ostes
elative ostust ostudest
ostest
allative ostule ostudele
ostele
adessive ostul ostudel
ostel
ablative ostult ostudelt
ostelt
translative ostuks ostudeks
osteks
terminative ostuni ostudeni
essive ostuna ostudena
abessive ostuta ostudeta
comitative ostuga ostudega

Further reading

[edit]
  • “ost”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
  • “ost”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
  • ost in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Faroese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost

  1. accusative singular of ostur

French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle French ost, from Old French ost, host, from Latin hostis. An archaic or literary term referring to an army from the Middle Ages, taken from Middle French (i.e. no longer reflecting a popularly inherited form). The modern pronunciation is based on the spelling, differing from the original one, which was /o/. Has survived as an inherited form in the dialects of the Picardy and Maine regions as o (“herd”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost m (plural osts)

  1. (archaic, literary) host, army
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Icelandic

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost

  1. indefinite accusative singular of ostur

Latvian

[edit]
Ost vīnu

Etymology

[edit]

From *uosti, from Proto-Baltic *uod-ti, from *ōd-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to smell”). Cognates include Lithuanian úosti, Old Czech jadati (“to explore, to investigate”), Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), Latin odōr (“smell”), Albanian amë (“unpleasant smell”).[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Request for audio pronunciation This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Verb

[edit]

ost (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present ožu, od, ož, past odu)

  1. to smell (to perceive an odor)
    ost cepeti ― to smell roast(ed meat)
    ost vīnu ― to smell the wine
    ost spirta smaku ― to smell the odor of alcohol
    strādājot virtuvē, visu laiku redzot, ožot ēdienu, it kā ēstgribas vairs nav ― working in a kitchen, seeing and smelling food all the time, it is as if one no longer had (= could feel) the desire to eat
  2. to smell, to sniff (to inhale air through the nose, usually several times, in order to try to perceive a smell)
    ost ēteri ― to smell ether
    ožamais spirts ― smelling salts, hartshorn (lit. smellable alcohol)
    divi cilvēki, piebāzuši pirkstu galus pie deguna, steidzīgi oda kaut ko baltu kā lauku vecenes šņaucamo tabaku ― two people, bringing the tips of their fingers to their noses, quickly smelled something white, like old women snuffing tobacco in the countryside
  3. (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to sense, to find out)
    saimnieks jau dabūjis ost, ka tu citu vietu meklējoties ― the landowner has already managed to smell that you are looking for another place
  4. to smell, to stink (to have, to spread a bad, unpleasant smell)
    te ož pēc benzīna ― it smells like gasoline here
    ost pēc ķiplokiem, siļķēm, alus ― to smell like garlic, herring, beer
  5. to smell (to have, to spread a pleasant odor)
    ost pēc odekolona ― to smell like eau-de-cologne
    puķe jauki ož ― the flower smells nice
    nokāpj gravā; ož pēc valgmes un pērnajām lapām ― he goes down the ravine; (there) it smells like dampness and last year's leaves
  6. (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to suggest, make think of something, usually unpleasant)
    tas jau oda pēc fašisma ― that smelled like fascism

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of ost (1st)
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne) 		past
(pagātne) 		future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es ožu odu odīšu —
2nd person sg tu od odi odīsi od
3rd person sg viņš, viņa ož oda odīs lai ož
1st person pl mēs ožam odām odīsim odīsim
2nd person pl jūs ožat odāt odīsiet,
odīsit 		odiet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas ož oda odīs lai ož
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present ožot present active 1 (adj.) odošs
past esot odis present active 2 (adv.) ozdams
future odīšot present active 3 (adv.) ožot
imperative lai ožot present active 4 (obj.) ožam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active odis
present ostu present passive ožams
past būtu odis past passive osts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jāož infinitive (nenoteiksme) ost
conjunctive 1 esot jāož negative infinitive neost
conjunctive 2 jāožot verbal noun ošana

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Middle French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old French ost, from Latin hostis.

Noun

[edit]

ost m or f (plural osts)

  1. army

Descendants

[edit]
  • French: ost

References

[edit]
  • ost on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

[edit]

From Danish ost, from Old Norse ostr.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural oster, definite plural ostene)

  1. cheese

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]
Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz. Doublet of ystyl.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ost/, /ust/
  • Hyphenation: òst

Noun

[edit]

ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural ostar, definite plural ostane)

  1. cheese

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old Czech

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ostь.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost m inan

  1. awn
  2. spike, prick

Declension

[edit]
Declension of ost (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative ost osty osti, ostové
genitive osta, ostu ostú ostóv
dative ostu ostoma ostóm
accusative ost osty osty
vocative oste osty osti, ostové
locative ostě, ostu ostú ostiech
instrumental ostem ostoma osty
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Further reading

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *ōst.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ōst m

  1. knot in a tree

Declension

[edit]

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative ōst ōstas
accusative ōst ōstas
genitive ōstes ōsta
dative ōste ōstum

Old French

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin hostis, hostem.

Noun

[edit]

ost m or f

  1. army (armed military force)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Has a regular declension as both a masculine and a feminine noun
    nominative singular oz, oblique plural oz, nominative plural ost when masculine
    nominative singular ost, oblique plural oz, nominative plural oz when feminine
  • see Appendix:Old French nouns

Descendants

[edit]
  • Middle French: ost
    • French: ost (archaic)

Papiamentu

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Dutch oost.

Adjective

[edit]

ost

  1. east

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from German Osten.

Noun

[edit]

ost n (plural osturi)

  1. (dated) east

Declension

[edit]
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative ost ostul osturi osturile
genitive-dative ost ostului osturi osturilor
vocative ostule osturilor

Romansch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From a Germanic language.

Noun

[edit]

ost m (plural osts)

  1. east

Synonyms

[edit]

Antonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Slovene

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ostь.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ọ̑st f

  1. sharp tip

Declension

[edit]
Unknown tone or non-tonal
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. óst
gen. sing. ostí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		óst ostí ostí
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		ostí ostí ostí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ôsti ostéma ostém
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		óst ostí ostí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ôsti ostéh ostéh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		ostjó ostéma ostmí

Further reading

[edit]
  • “ost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Swedish

[edit]
Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
en ost (Grevé)
Västerbottensost [Västerbotten cheese]
mjukost [cheese spread [soft cheese]]
en osthyvel [a cheese slicer [cheese plane]]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Swedish oster, from Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwHs.

Noun

[edit]

ost c

  1. (countable, uncountable) cheese
    en ostmacka med skivad gurka
    a cheese sandwich with sliced cucumber
    en ostskiva / en skiva ost
    a slice of cheese
Declension
[edit]
Declension of ost
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ost osts
definite osten ostens
plural indefinite ostar ostars
definite ostarna ostarnas
Derived terms
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ost (not comparable)

  1. east
    Kotka ligger ost om Helsingfors.
    Kotka lies east of Helsinki.

Noun

[edit]

ost c (uncountable)

  1. east
[edit]

See also

[edit]

compass points: väderstreck:  [edit]

nordväst norr
nord 		nordost
nordöst
väster
väst 		öster
öst
ost
sydväst söder
syd 		sydost
sydöst

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Tocharian B

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Tocharian *wostŭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wóstu (“home; dwelling”), the o-grade of *h₂wes- (“to dwell”); compare Ancient Greek ἄστυ (ástu, “town”) and Sanskrit वास्तु (vāstu). Compare Tocharian A waṣt.

Noun

[edit]

ost m (genitive singular ostantse, oblique singular ost, nominative plural ostwa)

  1. house

Derived terms

[edit]

Vilamovian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ost m

  1. bough, branch
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ost&oldid=89390188"