Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ed-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

The "stink", "hate", and "bite" senses may all be etymologically equivalent and stem from an original meaning of "sting".^[1] Compare the history of rancor.

Root

*h₃ed-^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

to smell, stink

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell) (7 c, 0 e)

*h₃éd-e-ti (thematic root present)^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ṓˀdstei (older)
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ṓˀstei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *odō
  - Latin: olō, oleō (see there for further descendants)
*h₃éd-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *óďďō
  - Ancient Greek: ὄζω (ózō)
    Doric Greek: ὄσδω (ósdō)
*h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ *h₃e-h₃d-ḗr (perfect)^[2]
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὀδώδειν (odṓdein)
*h₃od-méh₂^[6]
- Proto-Albanian: *admā
  - Albanian: amëz, âmë
  - Albanian: erë
- Proto-Hellenic: *odmā́
  - Ancient Greek: ὀδμή (odmḗ)
    Attic Greek: ὀσμή (osmḗ)
*h₃éd-os ~ *h₃éd-es-os
- Proto-Armenian:
  - >? Old Armenian: հոտ (hot)
- Proto-Italic: *odōs?
  - >? Old Latin: odōs^[5]

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὀδύνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1047-8
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*adati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 26
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Derksen, Rick (2015), “uosti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 482
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “odor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 425-426
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ãmë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 76

Root

*h₃ed-^[1]^[2]

to hate

Reconstruction notes

According to Kroonen this root originally meant “to bite, be sharp” and is thus unified with *h₃ed- below.^[2]^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (hate) (5 c, 0 e)

*h₃(o)d-^[2]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ատեամ (ateam), ատեմ (atem) (see there for further descendants)
*h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ *h₃e-h₃d-ḗr (perfect)^[1]
- Proto-Italic: *ōdai
  - Latin: ōdī (see there for further descendants)
*h₃od-éye-ti (causative)^[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *atjaną (see there for further descendants)
^? *h₃ed-olo-s^[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *atalaz (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὠδυσάμην (ōdusámēn), ὀδύσσομαι (odússomai)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*atjan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024), “2. *h₃ed-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3]

Root

*h₃ed-

to bite

Derived terms

(possibly) *h₃d-ónt- (“*biting; tooth”, participle)
(possibly) *h₃ed-o-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ṓˀdas
  - Proto-Baltic: *uodas^[1]^[2]
    - Eastern Baltic: *uodas
      - Latvian: ods
      - Lithuanian: úodas

References

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ods”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎^[4] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “uodas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 480

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὀδύνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1047-8

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296

[D_2008-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*adati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

[D_2015-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Derksen, Rick (2015), “uosti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 482

[DV-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “odor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 425-426

[D-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ãmë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 76

[LIV-7] 1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296

[Kroonen-8] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*atjan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39

[9] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024), “2. *h₃ed-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3]

[10] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ods”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎^[4] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[11] Derksen, Rick (2015), “uodas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 480

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