odi

See also: Odi, ODI, Odi-, odî, òdi, óði, and øði

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin odium. Doublet of oi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈɔ.ði]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: o‧di

Noun

odi m (plural odis)

1. hatred

Related terms

• odiar
• odiós

Further reading

• “odi” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “odi”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “odi” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.di/
• Rhymes: -ɔdi
• Hyphenation: ò‧di

Noun

odi m pl

1. plural of odio

Noun

odi f pl

1. plural of ode

Verb

odi

1. inflection of udire:
   1. second-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Verb

odi

1. inflection of odiare:
   1. second-person singular present indicative
   2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
   3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• Dio, dio, iod

Latin

Alternative forms

• (present tense) odiō, (perfect tense) ōdīvī (post-classical)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ h₃e-h₃d-ḗr, reduplicated perfect from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate; to start hating?”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈoː.diː/, [ˈoːd̪iː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.di/, [ˈɔːd̪i]

Verb

ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, future participle ōsūrus); fourth conjugation, perfect forms have present meaning, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 1.38.1–2:

     Persicōs ōdī, puer, apparātūs,
     displicent nexae philyrā corōnae.

     • Translation by A.Z. Foreman

       My boy: I hate the filigree of Persia.
       Linden-sewn garlands chafe me with their glamor.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.5:

     Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.

     Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.

2. (with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.16:

     Laetus in praesēns animus quod ultrā est
     ōderit cūrāre […]

     And let the mind that's happy in the moment
     'Bout that which lies before be loath to worry

Usage notes

Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:

• Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
• The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
• Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is archaic in this function.
• To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.

The form odīvī, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ōdī (fourth conjugation, no present stem, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only, perfect forms as present, pluperfect as imperfect, future perfect as future)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ōdī	ōdistī	ōdit	ōdimus	ōdistis	ōdērunt, ōdēre
	imperfect	ōderam	ōderās	ōderat	ōderāmus	ōderātis	ōderant
	future	ōderō	ōderis	ōderit	ōderimus	ōderitis	ōderint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ōderim	ōderīs	ōderit	ōderīmus	ōderītis	ōderint
	imperfect	ōdissem	ōdissēs	ōdisset	ōdissēmus	ōdissētis	ōdissent
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		ōdisse	—	ōsūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		—	—	ōsūrus	—	—	—

Derived terms

• ōsus
• ōsor
• ōdibilis

Related terms

• odiō
• odium
• odiōsē
• odiōsus
• perōsus
• exōsus

Descendants

• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *odiō
  • Old Catalan: ujar
• Borrowings:
  • → Asturian: odiar
  • → Catalan: odiar
  • → Dalmatian: odiur
  • → Galician: odiar
  • → Ido: odiar
  • → Italian: odiare
  • → Portuguese: odiar
  • → Spanish: odiar
    • → Papiamentu: odia

References

• “ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• Landgraf, Gustav (1884) “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins‎^[1]

Further reading

• “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• odi in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Latvian

Noun

odi m

1. nominative/vocative plural of ods

Verb

odi

1. second-person singular past indicative of ost

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin odium.

Noun

odi

1. hatred

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþijaz.

Adjective

ōdi

1. empty, desolate, void

Descendants

• Middle High German: öde
  • German: öde, öd

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz.

Adjective

ōdi

1. easy, light

Derived terms

• ōdlīhho (“easily”)

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English howdy.

Noun

odi

1. A greeting; good wishes, regards

Interjection

odi

1. greetings, good day
   • ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎^[2], Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:

     Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.

     Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

Derived terms

• odi-odiboroman

Volapük

Pronoun

odi

1. accusative singular of od

Welsh

Etymology

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɔdɪ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈoːdi/, /ˈɔdi/
• Rhymes: -ɔdɪ

Verb

odi (first-person singular present odaf)

1. (literary) (North Wales) to snow

   Synonym: bwrw eira

2. (literary) to throw, to hurl

   Synonyms: lluchio, taflu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	odaf	odi	od, oda	odwn	odwch	odant	odir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	odwn	odit	odai	odem	odech	odent	odid
preterite	odais	odaist	ododd	odasom	odasoch	odasant	odwyd
pluperfect	odaswn	odasit	odasai	odasem	odasech	odasent	odasid, odesid
present subjunctive	odwyf	odych	odo	odom	odoch	odont	oder
imperative	—	od, oda	oded	odwn	odwch	odent	oder
verbal noun	odi
verbal adjectives	odedig odadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	oda i, odaf i	odi di	odith o/e/hi, odiff e/hi	odwn ni	odwch chi	odan nhw
conditional	odwn i, odswn i	odet ti, odset ti	odai fo/fe/hi, odsai fo/fe/hi	oden ni, odsen ni	odech chi, odsech chi	oden nhw, odsen nhw
preterite	odais i, odes i	odaist ti, odest ti	ododd o/e/hi	odon ni	odoch chi	odon nhw
imperative	—	oda	—	—	odwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
odi	unchanged	unchanged	hodi
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “odi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Etymology 1

From ò- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ò.dì/

Noun

òdì

1. opposite or converse of something; negative
2. antonym
3. antithesis
4. wrong side, deviance, aberration

   Synonym: òdìkejì

   O ti wọ òdì aṣọ. ― You've worn your clothes inside out.

Derived terms

• òdìkejì (“opposite side”)
• ìṣòdì àìgbéléwọ̀n (“complementarity”)
• ṣòdì (“to be wrong”)
• òdì àgbéléwọ̀n (“antonymy”)

Etymology 2

From o- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō.dì/

Noun

odì

1. grudge, malice, feud

   wọ́n ń ṣe odì pẹ̀lú ara wọn

   They were having malice towards one another

Derived terms

• dóòdì (“to be taboo”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō.dì/

Noun

odì

1. (Ijebu, historical) class of royal messengers

   Synonym: ẹmẹsẹ̀

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ò.dí/

Noun

òdí

1. anger, range

   Synonym: ìbínú

   ọmọ yẹ́n fa òdí yọ

   That child responded with anger

Derived terms

• olódìí (“angry person”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō.dī/

Noun

odi

1. wall, fortress; (especially) walls around a city or town

Derived terms

• ẹ̀yìn-odi (“far away place”)
• odi àmọlà (“outer wall”)

Related terms

• ibodè (“border, city gate”)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō.dī/

Noun

odi

1. deaf and or mute person

   Synonyms: odinúyàn, adití

   ọmọ́ ti ya odi

   The child has become deaf

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ō.dī/

Noun

odi

1. heavy bunch of fruit

   Synonyms: pádi, gban̄gba