o-

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See also: о- and Appendix:Variations of "o"

English[edit]

Noun[edit]

o-

  1. A blood type that has no antigens. It lacks the A, B and Rh factors on the blood cells. It is the universal donor for blood and can give blood to any blood type, but can only receive O- blood.

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. (organic chemistry) ortho-

See also[edit]

Basque[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Combining form of ogi (“bread”)

Usage notes[edit]

  • If the following element of the compound starts with /b/ or /ɡ/, these are devoiced to /p/ and /k/ respectively.
  • If the following element starts with a vowel, /s̺/ or /s̻/, the combining form ot- is used instead.

Bavarian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • å- (East Central)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /oː/ (West Central)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Separable verb prefix that indicates a direction, goal, destination and a contact made therein.
    ‎o- + ‎schraufn (“to screw”) → ‎oschraufn (“to screw on”)
    ‎o- + ‎greifn (“to grab, seize”) → ‎ogreifn (“to touch, handle”)
    ‎o- + ‎brenna (“to burn”) → ‎obrenna (“to scorch”)

Derived terms[edit]

Bavarian terms prefixed with o-

Cayuga[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. noun prefix

References[edit]

Frances Froman, Alfred J. Keye, Lottie Keye, Carrie Dyck (2002) English-Cayuga/Cayuga-English Dictionary, University of Toronto, page 705

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. around, all around
  2. a complete action, a perfective verb
  3. something else

Derived terms[edit]

Czech terms prefixed with o-

Further reading[edit]

  • o-/ob(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

o-

  1. Rōmaji transcription of お

Lakota[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Forms nouns from some verbs.
    ‎o- + ‎wótA (“to eat”) → ‎owóte (“dining room”)
    ‎o- + ‎yuŋkÁ (“to lie, recline”) → ‎oyúŋke (“a bed”)

Mohawk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

io- with loss of initial glide

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. noun prefix
  2. her (in kinship terms)

Northern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Ojibwe[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. A prefix denoting the third person

Usage notes[edit]

o- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant. It may be omitted in many contexts.

Alternative forms[edit]

See also[edit]

Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Preverb[edit]

o-

  1. go somewhere to do something, go over there to
    Mii go imaa ziigigamideg, mii imaa o-gondaabiiginag zhingobaandag.
    If it boiled over, I dipped the bough in the kettle.

Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make
    ‎o- + ‎pozdny → ‎opóździć
  2. around
    ‎o- + ‎kropić → ‎okropić
  3. prefix indicating a perfective verb
    ‎o- + ‎soczyć → ‎osoczyć

Derived terms[edit]

Old Polish terms prefixed with o-

Descendants[edit]

  • Polish: o-

Onondaga[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. noun prefix

References[edit]

  • Hanni Woodbury (2018) A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page 284

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o. Doublet of ob-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. prefix indicating a perfective verb
    ‎o- + ‎słabnąć → ‎osłabnąć
  2. affects verb meaning in various ways
    ‎o- + ‎strzec → ‎ostrzec
  3. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make
    Synonym: u-
    ‎o- + ‎trzeźwy → ‎otrzeźwić
  4. around
    Synonym: ob-
    ‎o- + ‎winąć → ‎owinąć
  5. down
    Synonym: z-
    ‎o- + ‎suwać → ‎osuwać
    ‎o- + ‎puścić → ‎opuścić

Derived terms[edit]

Polish terms prefixed with o-

Further reading[edit]

  • o- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Seneca[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. noun prefix

References[edit]

  • Wallace Chafe (2014) A Grammar of the Seneca Language, University of California Press, page 86

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *o(b)-. Prefixed form of the preposition o.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
    1. (no change in meaning)
      ‎o- + ‎čístiti (“to clean”) → ‎očístiti (“to clean”)
    2. around, past, avoiding
      ‎o- + ‎čŕtati (“to draw”) → ‎očŕtati (“to outline”)
      ‎o- + ‎īti (“to go”) → ‎obíti (“to go around, to bypass”)
    3. to stay, to remain
      ‎o- + ‎sedẹ́ti (“to sit”) → ‎obsedẹ́ti (“to stay sitting”)

Derived terms[edit]

Slovene terms prefixed with o-

Southern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Swedish ō-, from Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from the Proto-Indo-European *n̥- whence also Greek α- (a-) and English un-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Added to adjectives to yield their opposites; un-
  2. Added to nouns to mean lack or being without

Derived terms[edit]

Swedish terms prefixed with o-

Taos[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person duoplural object.
  2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person singular object.

Ternate[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Tehit w- (“third-person singular masculine prefix”).

Pronoun[edit]

o- (Jawi ؤ-)

  1. (masculine) third-person singular clitic, he

See also[edit]

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

References[edit]

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tooro[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (before -a- or -e- in the subjunctive mood) w-
  • (before vowels in other cases) oy-

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. you; 2nd person singular subject concord
    ‎o- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎okora (“you do”)

See also[edit]

Tooro personal pronouns
Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
na ni
Class 1 First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
Class 2 First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References[edit]

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

Volapük[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. denotes future tense in verbs and adverbs
    ‎o- + ‎penob (“I write.”) → ‎openob (“I will write.”)
    ‎o- + ‎adelo (“today”) → ‎odelo (“tomorrow”)

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Soft mutation of go-.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
go- o- ngo- unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Ye'kwana[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

o-

  1. allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix).
  2. Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel o or u.

Inflection[edit]

Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

Zulu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“second person singular”).

Prefix[edit]

ṓ-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 1”).

Prefix[edit]

ṓ-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3[edit]

From a- (“augment”) +‎ bo- (“class 2a”).

Prefix[edit]

ô-

  1. Class 2a noun prefix.

Etymology 4[edit]

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 3”).

Prefix[edit]

ṓ-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

References[edit]

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