e-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "e"

English

Etymology 1

From Latin ē-.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɛ-/

Prefix

e-

2. Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being lacking or removed.

   Synonym: ex-

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of electronic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i-/

Prefix

e-

2. In an electronic form, usually and especially computerized and digital; often in association with the Internet.

   Coordinate term: i- (“Internet”)

Usage notes

This practice began with E-mail in June 1979. The first usage of E-mail, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, occurred in the journal Electronics with reference to an initiative of the United States Postal Service (USPS) called Electronic Computer Originated Mail, which USPS abbreviated E-COM.

Many terms beginning with e- can be seen in both hyphenated (e.g. e-card) and unhyphenated (e.g., ecard) form, and sometimes – particularly in a business context – the letter following the e- will be capitalized (e.g., eBusiness or e-Business). In the present day, e- is generally used to indicate association with or transmission over the Internet. In proper names beginning with e-, the convention is generally to leave the e- lower-case, and to capitalize the second letter of the name (e.g., eBay). The e remains then lower-case when the name is used at the beginning of a sentence.

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with e- (digital)

Translations

Translations

• Polish: e- (pl)

See also

• Appendix:American Dialect Society words of the year

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of emergency.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i-/

Prefix

e-

2. For emergency purposes.

   e-stop, e-brake

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with e- (emergency)

Etymology 4

Abbreviation of electric or electrical.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i-/

Prefix

e-

2. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.
   1. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.
3. Electric

   e-stim

Derived terms

• e-bike
• e-scooter
• e-skateboard
• e-stim

Etymology 5

Abbreviation of embedded.

Prefix

e-

2. (electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements.

Derived terms

• eMMC
• eSIM

Cayuga

Prefix

e-

1. third person feminine agent pronominal prefix; she

References

• Marianne Mithun; Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 66

Chuukese

Prefix

e-

1. Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
2. one

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eː/, [eː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

Prefix

ē-

1. Alternative form of ex- (combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words).

Derived terms

Category Latin terms prefixed with e- not found

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Old Irish

Prefix

e- (class A infixed pronoun)

1. Alternative form of a- (“him, it”)

See also

Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person	Infixed			Suffixed
	Class A	Class B	Class C
1 sing.	m-L	dom-L, dam-L		-um
2 sing.	t-L	dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L		-ut
3 sing. m.	a-N, e-N	d-N	id-N, did-N, d-N	-i, -it
3 sing. f.	s-(N)	da-		-us
3 sing. n.	a-L, e-L	d-L	id-L, did-L, d-L	-i, -it
1 pl.	n-	don-, dun-, dan-		-unn
2 pl.	b-	dob-, dub-, dab-		-uib
3 pl.	s-(N)	da-		-us
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English e-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /i/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ

Prefix

e-

1. e-, as relating to electronics or the internet

   ‎e- + ‎papier → ‎e-papier

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with e-

Further reading

• e- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• e- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Prefix

e-

1. Alternative form of em- used before M and N
2. Alternative form of ex- (outward motion)

Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse æ, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), Proto-Germanic *aiwaz.

Prefix

e-

1. prefix that may be used on certain pronouns and adverbs to create "-ever" constructions, most of which are formal or archaic.

   ‎e- + ‎huru (“how”) → ‎ehuru (“although, however”)

   ‎e- + ‎vad (“what”) → ‎evad (“whatever”)

   ‎e- + ‎var (“who”) → ‎evar (“wherever”)

   ‎e- + ‎ho (“who”) → ‎eho (“whoever”)

Derived terms

Swedish terms prefixed with e- (ever, eternally)

Related terms

• e

Etymology 2

From English e-, shortening of electronic.

Prefix

e-

1. electronic; including the hyphen

Derived terms

Swedish terms prefixed with e- (electronic)

Tocharian A

Etymology

Compare Tocharian B ai-.

Verb

e-

1. to give

Welsh

Etymology

From English e-, from

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /ɛ/

Prefix

e-

1. e-

   ‎e- + ‎llyfr (“book”) → ‎e-lyfr (“e-book”)

   ‎e- + ‎masnach (“trade, commerce”) → ‎e-fasnach (“e-commerce”)

   ‎e- + ‎post (“post, mail”) → ‎e-bost (“email”)

   ‎e- + ‎dysgu (“to learn”) → ‎e-ddysgu (“e-learning”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with e-

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
e-	unchanged	unchanged	he-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “e-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. at, on, in; locative prefix.

Usage notes

This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 11 noun in u-, it changes to elu-. Also when affixed to a class 10 noun in iin-, iim-, ii-, it also changes to ezin-, ezim-, ezi-.

Zou

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə˧/

Prefix

e-

1. Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er

   ‎e- + ‎ne (“to eat”) → ‎ene (“eater”)

Derived terms

Zou terms prefixed with e-

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81

Zulu

Etymology 1

From a- (“relative”) +‎ i- (“class 4”).

Prefix

ḗ-

1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

From a- (“relative”) +‎ i- (“class 9”).

Prefix

ḗ-

1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundi i.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

e-

1. at, on, in; locative prefix.

Usage notes

This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 5 noun beginning in ī-, it is lengthened to ē-, and when affixed to a class 11 noun in ū-, it is lengthened and also changes to ō-. It takes on the tone of whichever prefix it replaces.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “e-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “e-”