li-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

Curripaco

Prefix

li-

1. third person singular masculine agent marker

References

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Mokilese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /li-/

Prefix

li-

1. prone to, able to

Munsee

Preverb

li-

1. In a certain manner; in a certain way;

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

Prefix

li-

1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

Prefix

li-

1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

Prefix

li-

1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

Prefix

li-

1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami	لِـ

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

1. it, ji class_(V) subject concord
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:

     مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،

     Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?

     Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?

2. verb-initial form of -li- (“it, ji class_(V) object concord”)

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)

Class	Subject concord		Object concord	Relative
	affirmative	negative
m(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Tocharian B

Verb

li-

1. to wipe away
2. to cleanse oneself

Tooro

Alternative forms

• (before vowels) ly-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /li-/

Prefix

li-

1. class 5 pronominal concord

   ‎li- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎linu (“this (class 5)”)

2. it; class 5 subject concord

   ‎li- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎likora (“it (class 5) does”)

3. positive imperative form of -li- (“it; class 5 object concord”)

   ‎li- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎liha (“give it (class 5)”)

See also

Tooro personal pronouns

Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	Combined forms
						na	ni
Class 1	First	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	Second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	Third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
Class 2	First	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	Second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	Third	abo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
Class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
Class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
Class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
Class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
Class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
Class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
Class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
Class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
Class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
Class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
Class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
Class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
Class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
Class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
Reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Unami

Preverb

li-

1. In a certain manner; in a certain way; toward

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

1. Class 5 simple noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

lí-

1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “li-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “li-”