ko

See also: kő, Appendix:Variations of "ko", and کوه‎

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 劫 (kō).

Noun

ko (plural ko)

1. (game of Go) A local shape to which the ko rule applies; a ko shape.

   Black gets an easy game by just filling the ko.

2. (game of Go) ko fight

   Black wins the ko easily.

3. (game of Go) a stone in a ko in atari, a ko stone

   Black recaptures the ko and white has to find another ko threat.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• hanami ko
• ko fight

• ko threat
• ten thousand year ko

Translations

Translations

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 劫 (zh) (jié)

• Japanese: コウ (ja) (kō), 劫 (ja) (kō)
• Korean: 패 (ko) (pae)

Anagrams

• O. K., OK, OK., Ok, Ok., ok

---

Aiwoo

Verb

ko

1. to lie down

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

---

Bambara

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kò]

Verb

ko

1. to say

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kó]

Verb

ko

1. to wash

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

---

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse kýr (East dialect ko, compare Swedish ko), from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).

Noun

ko c (singular definite koen, plural indefinite køer)

1. cow

Declension

Declension of ko

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ko	koen	køer	køerne
genitive	kos	koens	køers	køernes

References

• “ko” in Den Danske Ordbog

---

Esperanto

Noun

ko (accusative singular ko-on, plural ko-oj, accusative plural ko-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

---

Ewe

Verb

ko

1. to laugh

---

French

Noun

ko m (plural ko)

1. Abbreviation of kilooctet (kilobyte)

---

Guanano

Noun

ko

1. water
2. medicine
3. relative, fellow Kotiria

References

• Kristine Stenzel, A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)

---

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

• kō

Preposition

ko

1. of, belonging to first part of possessive constructions, o-type

   ko mākou hale ― our house

   ko ke kumu kaʻa ― the teacher's car

See also

Hawaiian possessive pronouns

The o-type forms are used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars). The a-type forms are used for acquired possessions.
			singular	dual	plural
1st person			koʻu, kaʻu kuʻu (affectionate, o- and a-type)	ko māua, kā māua (exclusive) ko kāua, kā kāua (inclusive)	ko mākou, kā mākou (exclusive) ko kākou, kā kākou (inclusive)
2nd person			kou, kāu kō (affectionate, o- and a-type)	ko ʻolua, kā ʻolua	ko ʻoukou, kā ʻoukou
3rd person			kona, kāna	ko lāua, kā lāua	ko lākou, kā lākou

---

Japanese

Romanization

ko

1. Rōmaji transcription of こ
2. Rōmaji transcription of コ

---

Kalasha

Adverb

ko

1. why

Interjection

ko

1. why

Noun

ko

1. why

---

Kamta

Etymology

From Sanskrit কথযতি (katháyati). Cognate with Assamese ক (ko), Sylheti ꠇꠅꠀ (xooa), Bengali কওয়া (kôoya), Hindustani कहना (kahnā) / کہنا‎ (kahnā).

Verb

ko

1. say
2. tell

   Oĩ mök koisil.

   He told me

3. speak

   kotha ko ― speak

Conjugation

impersonal forms of ko

Stem	ko
Gerund	koöa
Conjugative	koia
Infinitive	koibar
Agentive	koure
Converb	koite
Progressive participle	koite koite
Reason	koöat
Conditional participle	koile
Perfect participle	koia
Habitual participle	koia koia

Conjugation forms of ko

Person	First person		Second person			Third person
			informal		formal	informal		formal
	singular	plural	singular	plural		singular	plural
	muĩ	amra	tuĩ	tömra		oĩ	umra
Present
Imperfective	koṅ	koi	koiṣ	kon		koe
Continuous	koia asoṅ	koia asi	koia asiṣ	koia asen		koia ase
Perfective	koisoṅ	koisi	kosiṣ	koisen		koise
Past
Recent	koluṅ	koiloṅ	kolu	koilen		koil ~ koilek
Distant & Habitual	kosiluṅ	koisiloṅ	kosilu	koisilen		koisil ~ koisilek
Continuous	koia asluṅ	koia aisloṅ	koia aslu	koi aislen		koia asil ~ koia aislek
Future
Indicative	koim	komö	kobu	koiben		koibe
Continuous	koia thakim	koia thakmö	koia thakpu	koia thaikpen		koia thaikpe
Others
Imperative	—		ko	kon		kouk

---

Karelian

Particle

ko

1. like, as

---

Kirikiri

Noun

ko

1. woman

Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

---

Latvian

Pronoun

ko (interrogative)

1. what, who (accusative case of kas)

   ko tu gribi apskatīt? ― what would you like to see?

ko (relative)

1. that (accusative case of kas)

   teksts, ko tu lasi ― the text that you're reading

2. what, who (accusative case of kas)

   tas ir tas, ko es domāju ― that is what I mean

3. which (accusative case of kas)

Interjection

ko

1. sorry?
2. pardon?
3. what?

---

Lithuanian

Pronoun

ko

1. what

---

Maaka

Noun

ko

1. head

References

• Russell G. Schuh, Maka Wordlist, p. 6

---

Maori

Particle

ko

1. Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative

---

Mapudungun

Noun

ko (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. water

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
• Estudios de lengua y cultura amerindias II (1998) (spells it có)

---

Min Nan

Adjective

ko (POJ, traditional and simplified 高)

1. high
2. tall

Usage notes

It is nearly always used exclusively as part of a name or compound.

Derived terms

• 高速 (ko-sok, “high-speed”)
• 高溫／高温 (ko-un, “high-temperature”)

Noun

ko (POJ, traditional and simplified 膏)

1. paste; cream

Usage notes

It is nearly always used exclusively as part of a name or compound.

Derived terms

• 齒膏／齿膏 (khí-ko, “toothpaste”)

---

Norman

Alternative forms

• co (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy)

Etymology

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

Noun

ko m (plural kos)

1. (Sark, anatomy) neck

---

Nyishi

Alternative forms

• ku

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *koː.

Noun

ko

1. child
2. son

References

• P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎^[1], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

---

Old Norse

Noun

ko ?

1. (East dialect) cow

See also

• kýr

References

• Wikipedia article Old Norse language

---

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• 𑀓𑁄 (Brahmi script)
• को (Devanagari script)
• কো (Bengali script)
• කො (Sinhalese script)
• ကော (Burmese script)
• โก (Thai script)
• ᨠᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
• កោ (Khmer script)

Pronoun

ko

1. masculine nominative singular of ka

---

Rapa Nui

Interjection

ko

1. exclamation suggesting a personal reaction

Usage notes

For non-personal judgment, consider using ka.

Particle

ko

1. particle prefixed to names as a determinative

---

Rawa

Adverb

ko

1. again

References

• Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷid, (compare *kʷis).

Alternative forms

• (Croatian) tkȍ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kô/

Pronoun

kȍ (Cyrillic spelling ко̏)

1. (Serbia, Bosnia, interrogatively) who

   (t)ko si ti? ― who are you

2. (Serbia, Bosnia, relative and indefinite pronoun)

   bilo (t)ko ― anybody, anyone

   malo (t)ko ― very few people

   onaj (t)ko ― he who, whoever

Declension

Declension of ko

	singular/plural
nominative	tkȍ, kȍ
genitive	kòga, kȍg
dative	kòmu, kòme, kȍm
accusative	kòga, kȍg
vocative	—
locative	kòm, kòme
instrumental	kȋm, kíme

Etymology 2

From kȁo.

Contraction

ko (Cyrillic spelling ко)

1. (colloquial) contraction of kȁo

Related terms

• kȁo

References

• “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal

---

Slovene

Etymology 1

See Serbo-Croatian ako.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ/
• Tonal orthography: ko

Conjunction

ko

1. when (at the time that)

Etymology 2

Conjunction

ko

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of kot

---

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse ko, from East Old Norse ko, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Cognate with Old West Norse kýr and English cow.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuː/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

ko c

1. cow; female cattle

   Många kor bor i stall under vinterhalvåret

   Many cows live in stables during the winter.

2. a female member of a number of other species, such as elk

   Jag såg en älgko och hennes kalv när jag var i skogen.

   I saw an elk cow and her calf when I was in the forest.

Declension

Declension of ko
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ko	kon	kor	korna
Genitive	kos	kons	kors	kornas

Related terms

• kobent
• kodynga
• kofoder
• kofot
• kofångare
• kofösare
• kogalenskap
• kogödsel
• kohage
• kohandel
• kohandla
• kohandlare
• kohorn
• kokoppor
• kolugn
• komjölk
• komocka
• koskit
• koskälla
• koskötare
• kossa
• kosvans
• kovända
• kovändning
• koögd
• mjölkko
• renko
• älgko

 

See also

• kossa
• oxe
• stut
• kreatur
• nöt, nötkreatur
• kalv
• kviga

References

• ko in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)

---

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈko/

Determiner

ko

1. my

Pronoun

ko

1. I (as actor of a verb)
2. me

See also

Tagalog personal pronouns

Person	Number	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
First	singular	ako	ko	akin
	dual	kita/kata*	nita/nata*	kanita/kanata* (ata)*
	plural inclusive	tayo	natin	atin
	plural exclusive	kami	namin	amin
First & Second	singular	kita
Second	singular	ikaw, ka	mo	iyo
	plural	kayo	ninyo	inyo
Third	singular	siya	niya	kaniya
	plural	sila	nila	kanila
*not commonly used

---

Taworta

Noun

ko

1. egg

Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

---

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Tocharian B keu, English cow.

Noun

ko

1. cow

---

Tuvaluan

Particle

ko

1. present perfect tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

---

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• k°

Adverb

ko

1. (informal) Abbreviation of không.

---

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish con (“with”).

Preposition

ko

1. with

---

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian kū, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Noun

ko c (plural kij)

1. cow

---

Wolof

Pronoun

ko

1. him/her/it (third-person singular object pronoun)

See also

Wolof personal pronouns

	singular subject	plural subject	singular object	plural object
1st person	man	nun	ma	nu
2nd person	yow	yeen	la	leen
3rd person	moom	ñoom	ko	leen

---

Xhosa

Pronoun

-ko

1. Combining stem of kona.

---

Zazaki

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈko]
• Hyphenation: ko

Etymology

From Persian کوه‎ (kuh).

Noun

ko m

1. (geography) mountain