ko

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ko" and کوه‎

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

ko

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Korean.

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Japanese 劫 (kō).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko (plural ko)

  1. (game of Go) A local shape to which the ko rule applies; a ko shape.
    Black gets an easy game by just filling the ko.
  2. (game of Go) ko fight
    Black wins the ko easily.
  3. (game of Go) a stone in a ko in atari, a ko stone
    Black recaptures the ko and white has to find another ko threat.

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

Translations

Anagrams[edit]

Afar[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

kó

  1. thee, you
    • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎[1], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
      Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
      Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

Usage notes[edit]

  • The form kóo is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also[edit]

Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

References[edit]

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “ko”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Aiwoo[edit]

Verb[edit]

ko

  1. to lie down

References[edit]

Bambara[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ko

  1. to say

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ko

  1. to wash

References[edit]

Bikol Central[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA(key): /ko/

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. by me
    Sinalo ko an bola. ― The ball was caught by me.
  2. of me
    An harong ko. ― My house.
  3. me
    Sa taas ko. ― Above me.

Bugis[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. (Sinjai) you, your, yours (casual)

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse *kōʀ (east), kýr (west), from Proto-Germanic *kūz, cognate with Swedish ko, English cow, German Kuh. The word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”), which is also the source of Latin bōs, Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गौः (gáuḥ).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /koːˀ/, [ˈkʰoˀ]

Noun[edit]

ko c (singular definite koen, plural indefinite køer)

  1. cow

Declension[edit]

Declension of ko
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ko koen køer køerne
genitive kos koens køers køernes

References[edit]

Esperanto[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ko]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Hyphenation: ko

Noun[edit]

ko (accusative singular ko-on, plural ko-oj, accusative plural ko-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K.

See also[edit]

Ewe[edit]

Verb[edit]

ko

  1. to laugh

Finnish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to kuka, kun, kuin.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈko/, [ˈko̞]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification(key): ko

Conjunction[edit]

ko

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of kun.
  2. (dialectal) Alternative form of kuin.
  3. (dialectal) Synonym of koska.

Usage notes[edit]

In some dialects, ko has become unstressed, subjecting it to vowel harmony and leading to the form kö after front-vowelic words.

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko m (plural ko)

  1. Abbreviation of kilooctet (kilobyte)

Fula[edit]

Suffix[edit]

ko

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular)

Usage notes[edit]

Article[edit]

ko

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    ñayko ko ― the thatch

Usage notes[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ko

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ko ñayko ― this/that thatch

Usage notes[edit]

Guanano[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. water
  2. medicine
  3. relative, fellow Kotiria

References[edit]

  • Kristine Stenzel, A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)

Guaraní[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ko

  1. this

Hawaiian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ko

  1. of, belonging to first part of possessive constructions, o-type
    ko mākou hale ― our house
    ko ke kumu kaʻa ― the teacher's car

See also[edit]

Hawaiian possessive pronouns
The o-type forms are used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars). The a-type forms are used for acquired possessions.
singular dual plural
1st person koʻu, kaʻu
kuʻu (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko māua, kā māua (exclusive)
ko kāua, kā kāua (inclusive) 		ko mākou, kā mākou (exclusive)
ko kākou, kā kākou (inclusive)
2nd person kou, kāu
kō (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko ʻolua, kā ʻolua ko ʻoukou, kā ʻoukou
3rd person kona, kāna ko lāua, kā lāua ko lākou, kā lākou

Indonesian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. (Java, informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

Synonyms[edit]

Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:

  • anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • coen (slang, East Java)
  • ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • kamu (intimate)
  • ko, kowe (informal, Java)
  • kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
  • lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)

Ingrian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ko

  1. Alternative form of ku
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri‎[2], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Se oli ko hää ei mahtant vennäheks läätä.
      That was how she couldn't speak Russian.

References[edit]

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 178

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

ko

  1. Rōmaji transcription of こ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of コ

Kalasha[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ko

  1. why

Interjection[edit]

ko

  1. why

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. why

Kamta[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit কথযতি (katháyati). Cognate with Assamese ক (ko), Sylheti ꠇꠅꠀ (xooa), Bengali কওয়া (kôẇa), Hindustani कहना (kahnā) / کہنا‎ (kahnā).

Verb[edit]

ko (ko)

  1. say
  2. tell
    Oĩ mök koisil. ― Oĩ mök koisil. ― He told me
  3. speak
    kotha ko ― kotha ko ― speak

Conjugation[edit]

impersonal forms of ko
Stem ko
Gerund koöa
Conjugative koia
Infinitive koibar
Agentive koure
Converb koite
Progressive participle koite koite
Reason koöat
Conditional participle koile
Perfect participle koia
Habitual participle koia koia
Conjugation forms of ko
Person First person Second person Third person
informal formal informal formal
singular plural singular plural singular plural
muĩ amra tuĩ tömra oĩ umra
Present
Imperfective koṅ koi koiṣ kon koe
Continuous koia asoṅ koia asi koia asiṣ koia asen koia ase
Perfective koisoṅ koisi kosiṣ koisen koise
Past
Recent koluṅ koiloṅ kolu koilen koil ~ koilek
Distant & Habitual kosiluṅ koisiloṅ kosilu koisilen koisil ~ koisilek
Continuous koia asluṅ koia aisloṅ koia aslu koi aislen koia asil ~ koia aislek
Future
Indicative koim komö kobu koiben koibe
Continuous koia thakim koia thakmö koia thakpu koia thaikpen koia thaikpe
Others
Imperative — ko kon kouk

Karelian[edit]

Particle[edit]

ko

  1. like, as

Kirikiri[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. woman

Further reading[edit]

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Latvian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko (interrogative)

  1. accusative of kas: what, who
    ko tu gribi apskatīt? ― what would you like to see?

ko (relative)

  1. accusative of kas: that
    teksts, ko tu lasi ― the text that you're reading
  2. accusative of kas: what, who
    tas ir tas, ko es domāju ― that is what I mean
  3. accusative of kas: which

Interjection[edit]

ko

  1. sorry?
  2. pardon?
  3. what?

Lithuanian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. genitive of kas
    Ko tu nori? ― What do you want?

Usage notes[edit]

The word ko is the non-possessive genitive.

For the possessive genitive ("whose?") of kas, see kieno.

Further reading[edit]

  • “ko”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2022
  • Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, pages 186, 193

Maaka[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. head

References[edit]

Maori[edit]

Particle[edit]

ko

  1. Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative

Mapudungun[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko (Raguileo spelling)

  1. water

References[edit]

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
  • Estudios de lengua y cultura amerindias II (1998) (spells it có)

Min Nan[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ko (POJ, traditional and simplified 高)

  1. high
  2. tall

Usage notes[edit]

It is nearly always used exclusively as part of a name or compound.

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko (POJ, traditional and simplified 膏)

  1. paste; cream

Usage notes[edit]

It is nearly always used exclusively as part of a name or compound.

Derived terms[edit]

Norman[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • co (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy)

Etymology[edit]

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

Noun[edit]

ko m (plural kos)

  1. (Sark, anatomy) neck

Nyishi[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Tani *koː.

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. child
  2. son

References[edit]

  • P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎[3], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old Javanese[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. you

Old Norse[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko ?

  1. (East dialect) cow

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Pali[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Alternative forms

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. masculine nominative singular of ka

Rapa Nui[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ko

  1. exclamation suggesting a personal reaction

Usage notes[edit]

For non-personal judgment, consider using ka.

Particle[edit]

ko

  1. particle prefixed to names as a determinative

Rawa[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ko

  1. again

References[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷid, (compare *kʷis).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

kȍ (Cyrillic spelling ко̏)

  1. (Serbia, Bosnia, interrogatively) who
    (t)ko si ti? ― who are you
  2. (Serbia, Bosnia, relative and indefinite pronoun)
    bilo (t)ko ― anybody, anyone
    malo (t)ko ― very few people
    onaj (t)ko ― he who, whoever
Declension[edit]
Declension of ko
singular/plural
nominative tkȍ, kȍ
genitive kòga, kȍg
dative kòmu, kòme, kȍm
accusative kòga, kȍg
vocative —
locative kòm, kòme
instrumental kȋm, kíme

Etymology 2[edit]

From kȁo.

Contraction[edit]

ko (Cyrillic spelling ко)

  1. (colloquial) contraction of kȁo
Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Serbo-Croatian ako.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ko

  1. when (at the time that)

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

ko

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of kot

Swahili[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

ko

  1. indefinite / nonspecific locative class suffix, indefinite place indicator
    Eliud yuko Kenya
    Eliud is (there) in Kenya

Inflection[edit]

Inflected forms of -ko
Noun class singular positive plural positive singular negative plural negative
1st-Person niko tuko siko hatuko
2nd-Person uko mko huko hamko
M-wa class / 3rd-Person yuko wako hayuko hawako
M-mi class uko iko hauko haiko
Ma class liko yako haliko hayako
Ki-vi class kiko viko hakiko haviko
N class iko ziko haiko haziko
U class uko uko hauko hauko
Pa class pako pako hapako hapako
Ku class kuko kuko hakuko hakuko
Mu class muko muko hamuko hamuko

See also[edit]

  • po: definite place indicator
  • mo: "inside" of a definite place indicator

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse ko, from East Old Norse ko, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Cognate with Old West Norse kýr and English cow.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko c

  1. cow; female cattle
    Många kor bor i stall under vinterhalvåret. ― Many cows live in stables during the winter.
  2. a female member of a number of other species, such as elk
    Jag såg en älgko och hennes kalv när jag var i skogen. ― I saw an elk cow and her calf when I was in the forest.

Declension[edit]

Declension of ko 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ko kon kor korna
Genitive kos kons kors kornas

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • co – obsolete
  • k, q – text messaging slang

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓ)

  1. by me
    Ang bola ay sinalo ko. ― The ball was caught by me'.
  2. of me
    Ang bahay ko. ― My' house.
  3. me
    Sa taas ko. ― Above me.

See also[edit]

Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual* kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita**
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used.
** Replaces "ko ikaw".

Taworta[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. egg

Further reading[edit]

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Tocharian A[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Tocharian, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Tocharian B keu, English cow.

Noun[edit]

ko

  1. cow

Tokelauan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *ko. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻo and Samoan ʻo.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈko/
  • Hyphenation: ko

Particle[edit]

ko

  1. Marks an equational sentence.
  2. Marks the topic of the sentence.
    • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[4], page 1:
      Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino
      We, the people of Tokelau, say openly
  3. Marks the succeeding noun as in apposition of the preceding noun.
  4. Placed after the conjunctions pe or ka.

References[edit]

  • R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary‎[5], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 163

Tuvaluan[edit]

Particle[edit]

ko

  1. present perfect tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ko

  1. (informal) Abbreviation of không.

Anagrams[edit]

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish con (“with”).

Preposition[edit]

ko

  1. with

West Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Frisian kū, from Proto-West Germanic *kū, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ko c (plural kij, diminutive koke)

  1. cow

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “ko”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ko

  1. (transitive) to carry on one's back

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of ko (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person toko moko ako
2nd person noko foko
3rd person inanimate iko doko
animate
imperative noko, ko foko, ko

References[edit]

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[6], Pacific linguistics

Wolof[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ko

  1. him/her/it (third-person singular object pronoun)

See also[edit]

Wolof personal pronouns
singular subject plural subject singular object plural object
1st person man nun ma nu
2nd person yow yeen la leen
3rd person moom ñoom ko leen

Xhosa[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

-ko

  1. Combining stem of kona.

Yoruba[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ò (frequently used after personal pronouns)

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

kò

  1. not (placed before a verb to negate it)

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA(key): /kō/

Conjunction[edit]

ko

  1. (Ekiti) that

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

kó

  1. to pack
    Ẹ bá mi kó ẹrù yìí sẹ́yìn ọkọ̀ ― Help me pack this load into the boot
  2. to collect
  3. to capture
    Wọ́n kó wọn lẹ́rú ― They captured them as slaves

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

kò

  1. to touch
  2. to meet

Derived terms[edit]

Zazaki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian کوه‎ (kuh).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈko]
  • Hyphenation: ko

Noun[edit]

ko m

  1. (geography) mountain
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