高

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See also: 髙
高 U+9AD8, 高
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AD8
← 髗
[U+9AD7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 髙 →
[U+9AD9]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order
高-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 189 高

高 (radical 189, 高+0, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月口 (YRBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿳亠口冋)

  1. Kangxi radical #189, ⾼.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1451, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1979, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4593, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9AD8

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 高
alternative forms 髙
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 高 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 高 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 高
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
高-bronze-shang.svg 高-oracle.svg 高-bronze.svg 高-bronze-spring.svg 高-bronze-warring.svg 高-silk.svg 高-slip.svg 高-seal.svg 高-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
高 *kaːw
膏 *kaːw, *kaːws
篙 *kaːw
稿 *kaːwʔ
稾 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞 *kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠 *kaːwʔ
槀 *kaːwʔ
藁 *kaːwʔ
燺 *kʰaːwʔ
薧 *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒 *kʰaːws
蒿 *qʰaːw
藃 *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪 *ɡaːw
毫 *ɡaːw
壕 *ɡaːw
濠 *ɡaːw
鎬 *ɡaːwʔ
滈 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗 *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃 *ɡaːwʔ
搞 *kruːʔ
敲 *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇 *qʰraːw
嗃 *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐 *kʰl'awʔ
歊 *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻 *kʰraːwɢ
塙 *kʰraːwɢ
毃 *kʰraːwɢ
翯 *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥 *qʰraːwɢ

Pictogram (象形) – a picture of a building. compare to 京.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). However, 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) instead is more likely to be related to this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root given its significant semantic agreement (Schuessler, 2007).

Likely allofams are 喬 (OC *ɡrew, “tall”), and perhaps 浩 (OC *ɡuːʔ, “vast”) (although the vowels do not agree).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kau - vernacular;
  • ko/ko͘ - literary (including surname).
Note: go1 - surname.
Rime
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古勞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaw/
Li
Rong 		/kɑu/
Wang
Li 		/kɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gāo
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kaw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.[k]ˁaw/
English high, tall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
No. 3726
Phonetic
component 		高
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		髙
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːw/

Definitions[edit]

高

  1. tall; high
    這座山特別高。 / 这座山特别高。  ―  Zhè zuò shān tèbié gāo.  ―  This mountain is especially tall.
    生得高嘅女仔 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    saang1 dak1 gou1 ge3 neoi5 zai2 [Jyutping]
    a tall girl
    唔好擺得咁高啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好摆得咁高啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    M4 hou2 baai2 dak1 gam3 gou1 laa1. [Jyutping]
    Don't put it so high.
  2. of high level; above average
    很高的價格 / 很高的价格  ―  hěn gāo de jiàgé  ―  high price
    高糖量  ―  gāo tángliàng  ―  high sugar content
    高血壓 / 高血压  ―  gāoxuèyā  ―  high blood sugar
    很高的標準 / 很高的标准  ―  hěn gāo de biāozhǔn  ―  high standard
  3. loud
    高歌  ―  gāogē  ―  to sing loudly
  4. (honorific) your
  5. A surname​, Gao (surname)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 高 (“tall; high”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 高
Mandarin Beijing 高
Taiwan 高
Jinan 高
Xi'an 高
Wuhan 高, 長 †
Chengdu 高
Yangzhou 高
Hefei 高
Malaysia 高
Singapore 高
Cantonese Guangzhou 高
Hong Kong 高
Taishan 高
Yangjiang 高
Singapore 高
Gan Nanchang 高, 猛 †
Hakka Meixian 高
Changting 高
Wuping 高
Liancheng 高
Ninghua 高
Jin Taiyuan 高
Min Bei Jian'ou 高
Min Dong Fuzhou 懸
Changle 懸
Fuqing 懸
Pingtan 懸
Yongtai 懸
Gutian 懸
Fu'an 懸
Ningde 懸
Shouning 懸
Zhouning 懸
Matsu 懸
Min Nan Xiamen 懸, 躼 †
Quanzhou 懸, 躼 †
Zhangzhou 懸, 躼 †
Taipei 懸, 躼 †
Kaohsiung 懸, 躼 †
Tainan 懸, 躼 †
Taichung 懸
Hsinchu 懸
Lukang 懸, 躼 †
Sanxia 懸, 躼 †
Yilan 懸, 躼 †
Kinmen 懸
Magong 懸
Penang (Hokkien) 懸
Singapore (Hokkien) 懸, 躼 †
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 懸, 躼 †
Chaozhou 懸
Shantou 懸
Puxian Min Putian 懸
Xianyou 懸
Wu Suzhou 高, 長 †
Wenzhou 高, 長 †
Xiang Changsha 高, 上
Shuangfeng 高, 長 †
Note † - of a person's height

Antonyms[edit]

  • (tall): 矮 (ǎi, “short”)
  • (high): 低 (dī, “low”)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 高

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (高):
  • → Japanese: 高(こう) (kō)
  • → Korean: 고 (高, go)
  • → Vietnamese: cao (高)

Japanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Kanji[edit]

高

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tall
  2. high

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
高
たか
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

高(たか) • (taka) 

  1. maximum, the limit
Idioms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
高
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Prefix[edit]

高(こう) • (kō-) [3]

  1. high, higher
    高(こう)学(がく)歴(れき)
    kō-gakureki
    high academic achievement; higher education

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ^ Yoshiro Kojima, Shigeru Takebayashi, Keisuke Nakao, and Hideo Masuda, editors (2005) Luminous Japanese-English Dictionary, second edition, Kenkyusha

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

高 (eumhun 높을 고 (nopeul go))

  1. Hanja form? of 고 (“high, tall”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

高: Hán Việt readings: cao (古(cổ)勞(lao)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
高: Nôm readings: cao[1][2][3][4][5][6], sào[3][7][6], kiêu[1]

  1. Hán tự form of cao (“high; tall”).
  2. Nôm form of sào (“pole; stick”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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