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See also:
U+7CD6, 糖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CD6

[U+7CD5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7CD7]

U+FA03, 糖
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA03

[U+FA02]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA04]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 119, +10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 90967, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 911, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1338, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3157, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7CD6

Chinese

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trad. /
simp.
2nd round simp. 𰪩
alternative forms


𥼽𥹥
𥽻
醣 - “saccharide

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic (rice) + phonetic (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).

Etymology

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Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with (OC *ljaːŋ).

Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ2 ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tong4 - “sugar”;
  • tong4-2 - “candy”.
Note:
  • hong3 - “sugar”;
  • hong3* - “candy”.
Note:
  • tung2/tng2 - vernacular;
  • torng2 - literary.
Note:
  • thn̂g/thôⁿ - vernacular;
  • thông/thâng - literary.
Note:
  • to5 - vernacular;
  • tang5 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Xining /tʰɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /tʰɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /tʰaŋ²¹/
Kunming /tʰã̠¹/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰɑŋ¹³/
/tɑŋ¹³/ 黑~
Hohhot /tʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /dɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /dɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /dɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /duɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /tʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /tʰau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tan¹³/
Xiangtan /dɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰɔŋ³⁵/
/tʰŋ̍³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰouŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ho³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/dɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/dɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/dɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/daŋ/
Li
Rong
/dɑŋ/
Wang
Li
/dɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
táng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tong4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
táng
Middle
Chinese
‹ dang ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.lˁaŋ/ (no pre-Qín exx)
English sugar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3961
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'aːŋ/

Definitions

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  1. sugar
      ―  báitáng  ―  white sugar
      ―  hóngtáng  ―  brown sugar
    [Cantonese]  ―  tong4 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  tong sui (literally, “sugar water”)
    薄荷糖薄荷糖  ―  táng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy
      ―  Táng fàng duō le.  ―  Too much sugar is added.
  2. Short for 糖果 (tángguǒ). sweets; candy; lollies; confectionery (Classifier: m;  c)
    棒棒  ―  bàngbàngtáng  ―  lollipop
    無糖薄荷无糖薄荷  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy
    不好  ―  Táng chī duō le bùhǎo.  ―  Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
    冇益 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    tong4-2 sik6 dak1 do1 mou5 jik1. [Jyutping]
    Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
  3. (organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate
      ―  duōtáng  ―  polysaccharide
    葡萄  ―  pútáotáng  ―  glucose
  4. to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
  5. (Internet slang, figurative) loveable and likeable, cute
      ―  táng  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. (transgender slang, figurative) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) drugs, especially pills
      ―  chītáng  ―  to undergo HRT (literally, “to eat candy”)
    昨天爸媽發現 [MSC, trad.]
    昨天爸妈发现 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuótiān táng bèi wǒ bàmā fāxiàn le. [Pinyin]
    Yesterday [my] HRT drugs were spotted by my parents.

Synonyms

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  • (sweets):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (とう) ()
  • Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
  • Vietnamese: đường ()

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]


&#xFA03;
or
+&#xFE00;?
糖󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
糖󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

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Compounds

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
とう
Grade: 6
on'yomi

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC dang, “sugar”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(とう) (たう (tau)?

  1. (organic chemistry) sugar

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1635 (paper), page 869 (digital)
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC dang).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (yeot dang))

  1. hanja form? of (sugar)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Early Mandarin (táng).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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(eumhun (yeot tang))

  1. hanja form? of (sugar)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đường

  1. chữ Hán form of đường (sugar).