被
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Translingual[edit]
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|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
被 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中木竹水 (LDHE), four-corner 34247, composition ⿰衤皮)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1115, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34222
- Dae Jaweon: page 1580, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3085, character 11
- Unihan data for U+88AB
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
被 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 陂 | *pral, *prals |
| 詖 | *pral, *prals |
| 彼 | *pralʔ |
| 柀 | *pralʔ |
| 佊 | *pralʔ, *prals |
| 貱 | *prals |
| 跛 | *prals, *paːlʔ |
| 披 | *pʰral, *pʰralʔ |
| 鈹 | *pʰral |
| 帔 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 鮍 | *pʰral |
| 耚 | *pʰral |
| 狓 | *pʰral |
| 翍 | *pʰral |
| 旇 | *pʰral, *brals |
| 秛 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 紴 | *pʰralʔ, *paːl |
| 皮 | *bral |
| 疲 | *bral |
| 被 | *bralʔ, *brals |
| 髲 | *brals |
| 鞁 | *brals |
| 骳 | *mbralʔ |
| 波 | *paːl |
| 碆 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 菠 | *paːl |
| 簸 | *paːlʔ, *paːls |
| 駊 | *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ |
| 頗 | *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls |
| 坡 | *pʰaːl |
| 玻 | *pʰaːl |
| 破 | *pʰaːls |
| 婆 | *baːl |
| 蔢 | *baːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bralʔ, *brals): semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with 披 (OC *pʰral, *pʰralʔ). The meaning of passive marker is an extension of "to wear; to be covered by something".
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
被
Synonyms[edit]
- (quilt):
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
被
- † to suffer; to sustain (loss, misfortune, etc.)
- by
- Used before a verb to indicate passive voice, often with a negative connotation.
- (neologism) passively; under duress; in a forged manner; etc.
- 被自殺／被自杀 ― bèi zìshā ― to "be suicided"; to be killed by the authorities who then pass one's death off as suicide
- 被就業／被就业 ― bèi jiùyè ― to "be achieved employment"; to be falsely recorded as employed (for the purpose of falsifying employment data)
- 被吸菸／被吸烟 ― bèi xīyān ― to smoke secondhand
- 被嫖娼 ― bèi piáochāng ― to be falsely accused of visiting a prostitute
- a surname.
Usage notes[edit]
- In a passive-voice sentence, 被 is placed after the subject and before the doer of the action. The doer of the action is placed before the verb or can be omitted.
- As a neologism, by affixing 被 to a verb or verb phrase that is rarely used in the passive sense (e.g. an intransitive verb), a deliberate awkwardness is constructed to call to the absurdity of the situation being referred to.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
被
Pronunciation 4[edit]
Definitions[edit]
被
Pronunciation 5[edit]
Definitions[edit]
被
- Alternative form of 帔 (pèi).
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 被
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
被
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: び (bi)
- Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
- Kun: おおう (ōu, 被う); かずく (kazuku, 被く); かずかる (kazukaru, 被かる); かずける (kazukeru, 被ける); かがふる (kagafuru, 被る); かぶる (kaburu, 被る); かぶす (kabusu, 被す); かぶさる (kabusaru, 被さる); かぶせる (kabuseru, 被せる); かむる (kamuru, 被る); こうぶる (kōburu, 被る); こうむる (kōmuru, 被る, Jōyō); きせる (kiseru, 被せる); ふすま (fusuma, 被)
- Nanori: ぎぬ (ginu)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 被 |
| ひ Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 被 (bjeH, “to cover”), from the term's use in Chinese as a passive marker.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- -ed, -ee (marks the passive recipient of an action)
- 被傭者
- hiyōsha
- employee
- 被験者
- hikensha
- examinee
- 被減数
- higensū
- minuend (number which is reduced)
- 被保護国
- hihogokoku
- protectorate (protected nation)
- 被傭者
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 被 |
| おおい Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 被う (ōu, “to cover”).[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
被 • (pi) (hangeul 피, revised pi, McCune–Reischauer p'i, Yale phi)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
被: Hán Nôm readings: bị, bệ, bỡ, bự, bợ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading かず-ける
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かがふ-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かぶ-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かぶ-す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かぶ-さる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かぶ-せる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かむ-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こうぶ-る
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading き-せる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ふすま
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