討
See also: 讨
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]討 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木戈 (YRDI), four-corner 04600, composition ⿰訁寸)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1147, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35231
- Dae Jaweon: page 1614, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3940, character 6
- Unihan data for U+8A0E
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 討 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 讨 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 討 |
|---|
| Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰuːʔ): abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ) + semantic 言.
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 言 (“speech”) + 寸 (“hand”) – rectify.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tou2
- Gan (Wiktionary): tau3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tau2
- Eastern Min (BUC): tō̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tor3 / to3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5thau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tǎo
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tǎo
- Wade–Giles: tʻao3
- Yale: tǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tao
- Palladius: тао (tao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tou2
- Yale: tóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou2
- Guangdong Romanization: tou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tau3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰau²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thó
- Hakka Romanization System: toˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: to3
- Sinological IPA: /tʰo³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: toˊ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰo²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: tau2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰau⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tor3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tô̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɒ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tor3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɒ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: to3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teô
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: to3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘
- Tâi-lô: thóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: tor
- Sinological IPA (Singapore): /tʰɔ⁴²/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: to2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thó
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo⁵²/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: to2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰɔ³¹/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: thawX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ʰˤuʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]討
- to send armed forces to suppress
- to denounce; to condemn
- to examine; to discuss
- to ask for; to beg
- to invite
- to marry
- (Zhao'an Hakka) to want
- 2022, “好天氣”, 曾仲瑋, 李幸妃 (lyrics)[1]performed by 曾仲瑋:
- (Zhao'an Hakka) to be about to
- (Penang Hokkien) to apply e.g. job, funding
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不討采
- 乞討 / 乞讨 (qǐtǎo)
- 催討 / 催讨 (cuītǎo)
- 北討 / 北讨
- 南征北討
- 取討 / 取讨 (qǔtǎo)
- 商討 / 商讨 (shāngtǎo)
- 尋討 / 寻讨
- 尋頭討腦 / 寻头讨脑
- 征討 (zhēngtǎo)
- 按討 / 按讨
- 探討 / 探讨 (tàntǎo)
- 搜討 / 搜讨
- 擒姦討暴 / 擒奸讨暴
- 東征西討 / 东征西讨
- 東討西伐 / 东讨西伐
- 東討西征 / 东讨西征
- 檢討 / 检讨 (jiǎntǎo)
- 檢討會 / 检讨会
- 沿波討源 / 沿波讨源
- 沿流討源 / 沿流讨源
- 漫天討價 / 漫天讨价
- 申討 / 申讨 (shēntǎo)
- 研討 / 研讨 (yántǎo)
- 索討 / 索讨
- 聲討 / 声讨 (shēngtǎo)
- 自討沒趣 / 自讨没趣
- 自討苦吃 / 自讨苦吃 (zìtǎokǔchī)
- 討乖 / 讨乖
- 討乞 / 讨乞 (tǎoqǐ)
- 討交情 / 讨交情
- 討人 / 讨人 (tǎorén)
- 討人情 / 讨人情
- 討令 / 讨令
- 討伐 / 讨伐 (tǎofá)
- 討休 / 讨休
- 討俏 / 讨俏 (tǎoqiào)
- 討信 / 讨信
- 討保 / 讨保
- 討便宜 / 讨便宜
- 討個分曉 / 讨个分晓
- 討債 / 讨债 (tǎozhài)
- 討債鬼 / 讨债鬼
- 討價 / 讨价 (tǎojià)
- 討價還價 / 讨价还价 (tǎojiàhuánjià)
- 討公道 / 讨公道
- 討分上 / 讨分上
- 討分曉 / 讨分晓
- 討厭 / 讨厌 (tǎoyàn)
- 討厭鬼 / 讨厌鬼
- 討取 / 讨取
- 討口 / 讨口
- 討口牙 / 讨口牙
- 討吃 / 讨吃
- 討命 / 讨命
- 討喜 / 讨喜 (tǎoxǐ)
- 討嘴 / 讨嘴
- 討好 / 讨好 (tǎohǎo)
- 討好賣乖 / 讨好卖乖
- 討嫌 / 讨嫌 (tǎoxián)
- 討安歇 / 讨安歇
- 討巧 / 讨巧 (tǎoqiǎo)
- 討帳 / 讨帐 (tǎozhàng)
- 討平 / 讨平
- 討店 / 讨店
- 討彩 / 讨彩
- 討情 / 讨情
- 討惡剪暴 / 讨恶剪暴
- 討愧 / 讨愧
- 討探 / 讨探
- 討擾 / 讨扰
- 討收管 / 讨收管
- 討教 / 讨教 (tǎojiào)
- 討救 / 讨救
- 討救兵 / 讨救兵
- 討死 / 讨死 (tǎosǐ)
- 討氣 / 讨气
- 討沒意思 / 讨没意思
- 討沒臉面 / 讨没脸面
- 討決裂 / 讨决裂
- 討沒趣 / 讨没趣
- 討油水 / 讨油水
- 討海 / 讨海 (tǎohǎi)
- 討海人 / 讨海人 (tǎohǎirén)
- 討源 / 讨源
- 討生活 / 讨生活 (tǎoshēnghuó)
- 討皮疾 / 讨皮疾
- 討皮疼 / 讨皮疼
- 討究 / 讨究
- 討笤 / 讨笤
- 討老腳 / 讨老脚
- 討虜 / 讨虏
- 討親 / 讨亲
- 討論 / 讨论 (tǎolùn)
- 討論區 / 讨论区 (tǎolùnqū)
- 討賊 / 讨贼 (tǎozéi)
- 討賞 / 讨赏
- 討賤 / 讨贱
- 討逆除暴 / 讨逆除暴
- 討野火 / 讨野火
- 討針線 / 讨针线
- 討錢 / 讨钱 (tǎoqián)
- 討面皮 / 讨面皮
- 討順風 / 讨顺风
- 討頭 / 讨头
- 討食 / 讨食
- 討飯 / 讨饭 (tǎofàn)
- 討饒 / 讨饶 (tǎoráo)
- 討饒頭 / 讨饶头
- 誅凶討逆 / 诛凶讨逆
- 誅暴討逆 / 诛暴讨逆
- 誅討 / 诛讨
- 追討 / 追讨 (zhuītǎo)
References
[edit]- “討”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “讨”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 173.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]討
- to chastise
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kun: うつ (utsu, 討つ, Jōyō)、たずねる (tazuneru, 討ねる)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 討 (MC thawX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 토ᇢ〯 (Yale: thwǒw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 토 (thwo) (Yale: two) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (to attack; to subjugate; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰo̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [토]
- (to discuss; to debate; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [토(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]
- hanja form? of 토 (“to attack; to destroy”)
- hanja form? of 토 (“to subjugate; to subdue”)
- hanja form? of 토 (“to discuss; to debate”)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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