去

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去 U+53BB, 去
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53BB
← 厺
[U+53BA]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 厼 →
[U+53BC]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
去-order.gif

Han character[edit]

去 (radical 28 厶+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土戈 (GI), four-corner 40731, composition ⿱土厶)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 164, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 384, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53BB

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 去
alt. forms 㚎
弆

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 去
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
去-oracle.svg 去-bronze-spring.svg 去-bronze-warring.svg 去-silk.svg 去-slip.svg 去-seal.svg 去-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佉 *kʰal
呿 *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab
抾 *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆 *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ
祛 *kʰa
袪 *kʰa
阹 *kʰa
胠 *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab
魼 *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb
去 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
麮 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
鼁 *kʰas
砝 *kaːb, *kab
劫 *kab, *kab
鉣 *kab
蜐 *kab, *kab
怯 *kʰab

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 大 (“man”) + 口 (“mouth, object”). Top figure simplified to 土, unrelated to 士 (“scholar, gentleman”), while bottom simplified to 厶. There are various interpretations of the combination of “man” and “mouth, object”. One is that the ideograph represented a man with a hole marked in his crotch, and the inventors of writing had perhaps “anus” (i.e. getting rid of) in mind (Schuessler, 2007). Another is that it represented a man departing from a cave or city.

Alternatively, it may be the original character of 呿 (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of 大 (“big”) and 口 (“mouth”). The meaning “to depart” would be an extension of the meaning “to open one's mouth”, as the lips depart from each other when one's mouth is open.

Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas): semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 𠙴.

In addition, 去 is also the original character of 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to cover”). The 大 is a cover on top of an object 口.

Etymology[edit]

There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.

This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, “to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement”), རྐྱག (rkyag, “dirt, excrement”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall, to become low”), ချ (hkya., “to put down, to bring down, to lower”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • qie4 - vernacular;
  • qu4 - literary.
  • (Dungan)
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Note: ké̤ṳ - "departing tone".
Note: khù - suburbs of Xiamen.
Note: ke3 - Chaozhou.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 去
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
/t͡ɕʰi²¹/ 過～
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Yinchuan /kʰɯ¹³/
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
/kʰɯ³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
/t͡ɕʰie¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ ～年
/kʰə²¹²/ ～大理
Nanjing /kʰi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ～哪
/kəʔ²/ 上～
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ 來～
/kəʔ⁴³/ 吃～
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
/t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
/kʰei⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
/t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /kʰə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
/kʰə⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³³/
Nanning /hy³³/
Hong Kong /høy³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰu²¹/
/kʰi²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɔ²¹²/
/kʰœ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰɯ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hu³⁵/
/xu³⁵/
Rime
Character 去
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 丘倨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiɔH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 去
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjoH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ʰ(r)ap-s/
English depart

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 去
Reading # 2/2
No. 10687
Phonetic
component		 去
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 㰦
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰas/

Definitions[edit]

去

  1. to leave; to depart from
    去世  ―  qùshì  ―  to pass away
  2. to go to; to leave for
    Antonyms: 來／来 (lái)
    你去哪兒？ / 你去哪儿？  ―  Nǐ qù nǎr?  ―  Where are you going?
  3. (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
  4. (between two verbs) to; in order to
  5. Particle used after a verb of motion to indicates movement away from the speaker.
    • 下去  ―  xiàqù  ―  to go down [ant. 下來／下来 (xiàlái, “to come down”)]
    • 送去  ―  sòng qù  ―  to send away
  6. to send; to dispatch
  7. to play (a part, a character); to act
  8. last; past
    • 去年  ―  qùnián  ―  last year
  9. 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing
  10. Short for 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).
  11. (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
    我去  ―  wǒqù  ―  what the hell

Pronunciation 2[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 去
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
/t͡ɕʰi²¹/ 過～
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Yinchuan /kʰɯ¹³/
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
/kʰɯ³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
/t͡ɕʰie¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ ～年
/kʰə²¹²/ ～大理
Nanjing /kʰi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ～哪
/kəʔ²/ 上～
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ 來～
/kəʔ⁴³/ 吃～
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
/t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
/kʰei⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
/t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /kʰə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
/kʰə⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³³/
Nanning /hy³³/
Hong Kong /høy³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰu²¹/
/kʰi²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɔ²¹²/
/kʰœ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰɯ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hu³⁵/
/xu³⁵/
Rime
Character 去
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羌舉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰɨə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiɔX/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 去
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjoX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[kʰ](r)aʔ/
English get rid of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 去
Reading # 1/2
No. 10684
Phonetic
component		 去
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 去
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰaʔ/

Definitions[edit]

去

  1. to remove; to get rid of
    • 去掉  ―  qùdiào  ―  to remove
    • 脫去 / 脱去  ―  tuōqù  ―  to throw off
    • 拆去  ―  chāiqù  ―  to remove, to take off
  2. to discard

Pronunciation 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 弆 (“to hoard, to hide away”).
(This character, 去, is a variant form of 弆.)

Pronunciation 4[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 驅 (“to run quickly; to expel; to disperse; etc.”).
(This character, 去, is a variant form of 驅.)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 去

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

去

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to leave, to go away

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

See also[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

去 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune-Reischauer kŏ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

去 (khứ, khử)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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