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去

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 丟
去 U+53BB, 去
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53BB
← 厺
[U+53BA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 厼 →
[U+53BC]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

去 (Kangxi radical 28, 厶+3, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 土戈 (GI), four-corner 40731, composition ⿱土厶)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 164, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53BB

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 去
alternative forms 㚎
弆
厺
克 dialectal

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 去
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佉 *kʰal
呿 *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab
抾 *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆 *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ
祛 *kʰa
袪 *kʰa
阹 *kʰa
胠 *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab
魼 *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb
去 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
麮 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
鼁 *kʰas
砝 *kaːb, *kab
劫 *kab, *kab
鉣 *kab
蜐 *kab, *kab
怯 *kʰab

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“man”) + 口 (“mouth, object”). Top figure simplified to 土, unrelated to 士 (“scholar, gentleman”), while bottom simplified to 厶; a conservative variant is 厺.

There are various interpretations of the combination of “man” and “mouth, object”. One is that the ideograph represented a man with a hole marked in his crotch, with the idea of “anus” (i.e. getting rid of) (Schuessler, 2007). Another is that it represented a man departing from a cave or city.

Alternatively, it may be the original character of 呿 (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of 大 (“big”) and 口 (“mouth”). The meaning “to depart” would be an extension of the meaning “to open one's mouth”, as the lips depart from each other when one's mouth is open.

Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas): semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 𠙴 (qū).

In addition, 去 is also the original character of 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to cover”). The 大 could be a cover on top of an object 口.

The man on top is simplified as 土 as in 赤 and 走 (< 𧺆).

Etymology

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There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.

This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, “to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement”), རྐྱག (rkyag, “dirt, excrement”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall, to become low”), ချ (hkya., “to put down, to bring down, to lower”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • qie4 - vernacular;
  • qu4 - literary.
Note:
  • kī - vernacular;
  • qū - literary.
Note: ké̤ṳ - "departing tone".
Note: khù - suburban Xiamen.
Note:
  • ke3 - Chaozhou, Chenghai, Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • ku3 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Note:
  • Chongming 5khi - vernacular;
  • Chongming 5chi, 5chiu - literary;
  • 5chi, 5khou - vernacular;
  • 5chiu - literary.
Note:
  • ke4 - vernacular;
  • qy4 - literary.
Note:
  • qi4 - vernacular;
  • qy4 - literary.
Note:
  • ke4 - vernacular;
  • qy4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 去
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
    /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ 過～
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 失～
    /kʰɯ¹³/ 出～
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/ 失～
    /kʰɯ³⁵/ 出～
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 失～
    /t͡ɕʰie¹³/ 出～
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ 失～
    /kʰə²/ 出～
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 失～
    /kʰi⁴⁴/ 出～
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ～哪
    /kəʔ²/ 上～
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ 來～
    /kəʔ⁴³/ 吃～
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
    /kʰei⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /kʰə⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
    /kʰə⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kʰi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³³/
    Nanning /hy³³/
    Hong Kong /høy³³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰu²¹/
    /kʰi²¹/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɔ²¹²/
    /kʰœ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰɔ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kʰɯ²¹³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /hu³⁵/
    /xu³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 去
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 丘倨切
    Baxter khjoH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨʌH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰiɔH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiɔH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiɔH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭoH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kʰi̯woH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		heoi3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 去
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjoH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ʰ(r)ap-s/
    English depart

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 去
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10687
    Phonetic
    component         		去
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		㰦
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰas/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    去

    1. to leave; to depart from
      去世  ―  qùshì  ―  to pass away
    2. to go to; to leave for
      你去哪兒？／你去哪儿？  ―  Nǐ qù nǎr?  ―  Where are you going?
      Antonym: 來 / 来 (lái)
    3. (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
      他到辦公室去請假。 [MSC, trad.]
      他到办公室去请假。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā dào bàngōngshì qù qǐngjià. [Pinyin]
      He went to the office to ask for leave.
      他去釣魚了，而沒去打網球。 [MSC, trad.]
      他去钓鱼了，而没去打网球。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā qù diàoyú le, ér méi qù dǎ wǎngqiú. [Pinyin]
      He went fishing instead of playing tennis.
    4. (between two verbs) to; in order to
    5. Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement away from the speaker.
      下去  ―  xiàqù  ―  to go down [ant. 下來／下来 (xiàlái, “to come down”)]
      送去  ―  sòng qù  ―  to send away
    6. to send; to dispatch
    7. to play (a part, a character); to act
    8. (euphemistic) to pass away; to die
    9. last; past
      去年  ―  qùnián  ―  last year
    10. 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "departure" (𝍇)
    11. short for 去聲／去声 (qùshēng)
    12. (literary) to be separated by; to be apart by
    13. (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
      我去  ―  wǒqù  ―  what the hell
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 死, 亡, 歿, 卒
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 死, 撂, 撂條, 不在 †, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui
    Taiwan 死, 過世 †
    Harbin 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟
    Singapore 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 §
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤
    Wanrong 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡
    Xi'an 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui
    Xining 歿
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui
    Lanzhou 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 †
    Ürümqi 死, 過世 †, 不在 †
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈
    Wuhan 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮
    Guiyang 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤
    Guilin 死
    Liuzhou 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤
    Yangzhou 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 §
    Hefei 死, 不在 †, 老 †
    Cantonese Guangzhou 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot, 唔食廣東米
    Hong Kong 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 移民 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 返天家 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 過身
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 過身
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 過身, 死
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 過身
    Macau 過身, 去
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 過身, 死
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 死
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 過身, 死
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 去歸, 過身
    Foshan 過身, 死
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 死, 過身
    Foshan (Shunde) 過身
    Foshan (Sanshui) 過身
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 死
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 過身
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 死
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 過身, 死
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 死, 過身
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 過身, 死
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 死, 過身
    Taishan 死, 善, 去, 賣鹹鴨蛋
    Kaiping (Chikan) 死, 登仙
    Enping (Niujiang) 過身, 死
    Heshan (Yayao) 死
    Dongguan 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 §
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 死, 過身
    Yangjiang 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 瓜老襯, 瓜柴, 賣鹹鴨蛋, 過身, 死
    Singapore (Guangfu) 死, 過身 †
    Gan Nanchang 死, 過世 †, 老 †
    Lichuan 死
    Pingxiang 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去
    Hakka Meixian 死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡
    Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 過身, 拉柴, 香 †, 據 §
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 過身, 死
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 死, 過身
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 死
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 死, 過身
    Yudu 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 消
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 死, 過身 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Hong Kong 過身, 老
    Huizhou Jixi 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤
    Jin Taiyuan 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡
    Xinzhou 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮
    Northern Min Jian'ou 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 §, 硬 §, 除 §, 除宿 §
    Southern Min Xiamen 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, ‡, 百年 †, ‡, 百歲年老 †, ‡, 行去 †, 無去 †, 吭跤翹, 死翹翹, 㾀 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 倒去 †, 行啦 †
    Quanzhou 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, ‡, 百年 †, ‡, 無去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
    Yongchun 死, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Zhangzhou 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, ‡, 百年 †, ‡, 百歲年老 †, ‡, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 §
    Taipei 死去, 老 †, ‡, 過身 †
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 往生 †, 過身 †
    Kaohsiung 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
    Yilan 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 †
    Changhua (Lukang) 死去, 老 †, ‡, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
    Taichung 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †
    Tainan 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 去蘇州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去蘇州賣鴨卵 †
    Hsinchu 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Kinmen 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 †
    Penghu (Magong) 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Klang (Hokkien) 吭跤翹 †, 起車 †, 過身 †, 死, 死翹翹, 無了
    Singapore (Hokkien) 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, ‡, 百歲 †, ‡, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 †
    Manila (Hokkien) 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Chaozhou 死, 過身 †, 過世 †
    Jieyang 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹
    Singapore (Teochew) 死, 過身
    Leizhou 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 §
    Haikou 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 §
    Singapore (Hainanese) 死
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 死
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西
    Wu Shanghai 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 §
    Shanghai (Chongming) 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤
    Suzhou 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 §
    Danyang 死
    Hangzhou 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去
    Shaoxing 死
    Ningbo 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 †
    Wenzhou 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤
    Jinhua 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡
    Xiang Changsha 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎
    Loudi 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 †
    Shuangfeng 死, 過世 †, 故 †
    Hengyang 死
    Note † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

    Pronunciation 2

    [edit]
    Note: heoi2 - rare.
    Rime
    Character 去
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 羌舉切
    Baxter khjoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭoX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kʰi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		heoi2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 去
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjoX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[kʰ](r)aʔ/
    English get rid of

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 去
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10684
    Phonetic
    component         		去
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		去
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰaʔ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    去

    1. to remove; to get rid of
      去掉  ―  qùdiào  ―  to remove
      脫去／脱去  ―  tuōqù  ―  to throw off
      拆去  ―  chāiqù  ―  to remove, to take off
      去蝦腸／去虾肠  ―  qù xiācháng  ―  to remove the intestines from shrimp
      牛肉去咗啲腥味之後會好食好多。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      牛肉去咗啲腥味之后会好食好多。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngau4 juk6 heoi3 zo2 di1 sing1 mei6 zi1 hau6 wui5 hou2 sik6 hou2 do1. [Jyutping]
      Beef tastes much better after you get rid of the rankness.
      去頭白蝦／去头白虾  ―  qùtóu báixiā  ―  headless white shrimp
      去中心化  ―  qùzhōngxīnhuà  ―  decentralization
    2. to discard

    Pronunciation 3

    [edit]
    For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 弆 (“to hoard, to hide away”).
    (This character is a variant form of 弆).

    Pronunciation 4

    [edit]
    For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 驅 (“to drive; to spur; to run quickly; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of 驅).

    Compounds

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]
    The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調 / 声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
    平仄 (píngzè) 平 (píng)
    平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng)     		仄 (zè)
    仄聲 / 仄声 (zèshēng)
    平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù)
    四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng)     		平 (píng)
    平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng)     		上 (shǎng)
    上聲 / 上声 (shǎngshēng)     		去 (qù)
    去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng)     		入 (rù)
    入聲 / 入声 (rùshēng)
    標調方法 / 标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
    標調法 / 标调法     		四角標調法 / 四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
    [Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
    傍點 / 傍点 ∅ ◌〯 ◌〮 ∅
    四聲八調 / 四声八调 陰平 / 阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平 / 阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上 / 阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上 / 阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去 / 阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去 / 阳去 (yángqù) 陰入 / 阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入 / 阳入 (yángrù)
    陰 / 阴 (yīn) 陽 / 阳 (yáng)
    標調方法 / 标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
    標調法 / 标调法     		四角標調法 / 四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
    The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調 / 声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
    四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng) 陰平 / 阴平 (yīnpíng)
    一聲 / 一声     		陽平 / 阳平 (yángpíng)
    二聲 / 二声 (èrshēng)     		上聲 / 上声 (shǎngshēng)
    三聲 / 三声 (sānshēng)     		去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng)
    四聲 / 四声 (sìshēng)     		輕聲 / 轻声 (qīngshēng)

    References

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    去

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. to leave, to go away
    2. past

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
    • Kun: さる (saru, 去る, Jōyō)、いぬ (inu, 去ぬ)、のぞく (nozoku, 去く)、ゆく (yuku, 去く)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    See also

    [edit]

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    去 (eumhun 갈 거 (gal geo))

    1. hanja form? of 거 (“to leave; to go away”)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    去: Hán Nôm readings: khứ, khử[1], khu[2]

    1. (literary) chữ Hán form of khứ (“to leave, to go”)
    2. chữ Hán form of khử (“to remove”)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Hồ (1976).
    2. ^ Trần (1999).
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