沒

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See also: 没
沒 U+6C92, 沒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C92
← 沑
[U+6C91] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沓 →
[U+6C93]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Japanese 没
Simplified 没
Traditional 沒

Han character[edit]

沒 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水弓水 (ENE), four-corner 37147, composition ⿰氵⿱勹又)

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17204
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6C92

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 沒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (沒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沒 *mɯːd
歿 *mɯːd
莈 *mɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 ().

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 沒/没
simp. 没
2nd round simp. 殳
alternative forms ⿰氵𠬛 1981 2nd round simp.

Possibly a colloquial variant of 勿 (MC mjut) or 未 (MC mj+jH), which fused with or was influenced by 有 (MC hjuwX); not derived from 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to dive; to drown”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 沒
Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
Harbin /mei²⁴/ ～人
/mei⁵³/ ～來
Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/ ～了
/mei⁵³/ ～走
Jinan /mei²¹³/ ～價
/mei⁴²/ ～的
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu⁴²/ 沉～
/mei²⁴/ ～法兒
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/ ～有
/muə¹³/ 淹～
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mei²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
/mei¹³/
Guiyang /mei⁵⁵/ ～有
/mu²¹/ ～收
Kunming /mu²¹²/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/ 沉～
/me²⁴/ ～有
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /məʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /məʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/ 沉～
/miu³⁵/ (沒有)
Tunxi /mɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɨʔ⁵/ 埋～
Hakka Meixian /mut̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /but̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mau²¹/
/mo⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /muak̚⁵/

Definitions[edit]

沒

  1. not have; there is not; to be without
    沒意思／没意思  ―  méiyìsī  ―  uninteresting [literally: to not have fun]
    已經沒了／已经没了  ―  yǐjīng méi le  ―  is already gone; there is already no more
    沒錢沒工作／没钱没工作  ―  méi qián méi gōngzuò  ―  to have no money and no job
    這兒沒人。／这儿没人。  ―  Zhèr méi rén.  ―  There's nobody here.
  2. to be not so ... as (when comparing)
    我沒你高。／我没你高。  ―  Wǒ méi nǐ gāo.  ―  I'm not as tall as you.
  3. less than; no more than
  4. Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”).
    我沒有朋友。／我没有朋友。  ―  Wǒ méiyǒu péngyǒu.  ―  I have no friends.
  5. have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense)
    他沒來。／他没来。  ―  Tā méi lái.  ―  He didn't come.
    我還沒說完呢。／我还没说完呢。  ―  Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne.  ―  I haven't finished talking.
    沒懂……／没懂……  ―  méi dǒng......  ―  I don't get it…
  6. (euphemistic, colloquial) to pass away

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 無, 無有
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 沒有
Mandarin Beijing 沒有, 沒
Taiwan 沒有, 沒
Jinan 沒有, 沒
Xi'an 沒有
Wuhan 冇得
Chengdu 沒得
Guilin 沒得
Yangzhou 不得, 沒得
Hefei 沒
Malaysia 沒有, 沒
Singapore 沒有, 沒
Dagudi (Maliba) 不有
Reshuitang (Longling) 不有
Mae Salong (Lancang) 不有
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 不有
Cantonese Guangzhou 冇, 冇有
Hong Kong 冇
Taishan 冇
Hepu (Lianzhou) 冇有
Hepu (Shatian) 冇有
Beihai 冇, 冇有
Beihai (Nankang) 冇
Beihai (Yingpan) 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 冇, 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 冇, 冇有
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 冇, 冇有
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 冇
Penang (Guangfu) 冇
Singapore (Guangfu) 冇
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 冇
Móng Cái 冇, 冇有
Gan Nanchang 冒有, 冇
Hakka Meixian 無
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 無
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 無
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 無
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 無
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 無
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 無
Singapore (Dabu) 無
Huizhou Jixi 沒
Jin Taiyuan 沒, 沒啦
Northern Min Jian'ou 無
Eastern Min Fuzhou 無
Singapore (Fuqing) 無
Sitiawan (Gutian) 無
Southern Min Xiamen 無
Quanzhou 無
Zhangzhou 無
Zhao'an 無
Taipei 無
New Taipei (Sanxia) 無
Kaohsiung 無
Yilan 無
Changhua (Lukang) 無
Taichung 無
Tainan 無
Hsinchu 無
Kinmen 無
Penghu (Magong) 無
Penang (Hokkien) 無
Singapore (Hokkien) 無
Manila (Hokkien) 無
Chaozhou 無
Shantou 無
Shantou (Chaoyang) 無
Jieyang 無
Haifeng 無
Bangkok (Teochew) 無
Singapore (Teochew) 無
Batam (Teochew) 無
Pontianak (Teochew) 無
Wenchang 無
Qionghai 無
Singapore (Hainanese) 無
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 無
Wu Shanghai 嘸沒, 嘸 dated
Suzhou 嘸不
Hangzhou 沒有
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 嘸不
Shaoxing 唔有
Ningbo 嘸沒, 嘸 dated
Wenzhou 冇
Jinhua 嘸, 嘸沒
Xiang Changsha 冇得, 冇
Shuangfeng 冇得

See also[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

trad. 沒/没
simp. 没
alternative forms 𣴬
𣳚
歿／殁

According to Schuessler (2007), formed from the convergence of two etyma:

Unrelated to etymology 1.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 魂 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫勃切
Baxter mwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwət̚/
Li
Rong 		/muət̚/
Wang
Li 		/muət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁut/
English to dive, drown, die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
No. 9235
Phonetic
component 		没
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		没
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːd/

Definitions[edit]

沒

  1. to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate
    淹沒／淹没  ―  yānmò  ―  to submerge; to inundate
    沒入水中／没入水中  ―  mò rù shuǐ zhōng  ―  to sink into the water
  2. to rise beyond; to cover; to overflow
    水深沒腰／水深没腰  ―  shuǐ shēn mò yāo  ―  the water was waist-deep
  3. to end; to finish
    沒齒不忘／没齿不忘  ―  mòchǐ bùwàng  ―  not to forget to the end of one's days
  4. to disappear; to vanish
    出沒／出没  ―  chūmò  ―  to appear and disappear
  5. to confiscate
    沒收／没收  ―  mòshōu  ―  to confiscate
  6. (literary) Alternative form of 歿／殁 (mò, “to die; to pass away”)

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

没

Kyūjitai

沒

Kanji[edit]

沒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 没)

  1. discard, reject
  2. death
  3. lacking, without

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

沒 (eumhun 가라앉을 몰 (garaanjeul mol))

  1. Hanja form? of 몰 (“drown, sink”).
  2. Hanja form? of 몰 (“not, have not, none”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

沒: Hán Việt readings: một
沒: Nôm readings: mốt, một

Etymology 1[edit]

Numeral[edit]

沒 • (một)

  1. Nôm form of một (“one”).

Etymology 2[edit]

Numeral[edit]

沒 • (mốt)

  1. Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
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