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說

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 説 and 说
說 U+8AAA, 說
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AAA
← 誩
[U+8AA9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誫 →
[U+8AAB]
說 U+F96F, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96F
← 葉
[U+F96E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 殺 →
[U+F970]
說 U+F9A1, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A1
← 裂
[U+F9A0] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 廉 →
[U+F9A2]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Traditional 說
Shinjitai 説
Simplified 说

Han character

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說 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口金口山 (YRCRU), four-corner 08616, composition ⿰訁兌)

Derived characters

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[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1164, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35556
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1629, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 6, page 3979, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AAA

Chinese

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trad. 說/説
simp. 说

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 說
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毤 *l̥ʰoːds
蛻 *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧 *l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾 *l̥ʰoːds
裞 *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌 *l'oːds
綐 *l'oːds
銳 *l'oːds, *lods
帨 *stʰods, *hljods
稅 *hljods
說 *hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚 *hljods
䫄 *rtʰoːd
脫 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻 *l̥ʰoːd
挩 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲 *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵 *l'oːd
敓 *l'oːd
痥 *l'oːd
悅 *lod, *lod
閱 *lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod): semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology

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All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family apparently derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007); based on this, STEDT compares the word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”), whence also 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to peel off, take off (clothes), escape, etc.”). However, STEDT also offers an alternative derivation from a provisional Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsyat (“to speak, say”), comparing Tibetan འཆད ('chad, “to say, explain”), which is semantically more appealing; the association with the words associated with "release" may be a case of phonetic pigeonholing.

According to the "release" theory, Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3).

Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note: шә - dialectal.
Note:
  • suei6 - vernacular;
  • soeh6/syoeh6 - literary.
Note:
  • seh/serh/soeh - vernacular;
  • soat - literary.
Rime
Character 說
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 薛 (82)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 失爇切
Baxter sywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕwiat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		syut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 說
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sywet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ot/
English speak, explain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 說
Reading # 2/3
No. 2571
Phonetic
component 		兑
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		說
Old
Chinese 		/*hljod/

Definitions

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說

  1. to say; to speak
    說漢語／说汉语  ―  shuō Hànyǔ  ―  speak Chinese
    說話／说话  ―  shuōhuà  ―  to speak
    這就是我所說的。 [MSC, trad.]
    这就是我所说的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiù shì wǒ suǒ shuō de. [Pinyin]
    That’s what I said.
  2. to explain
    把話說清楚／把话说清楚  ―  bǎ huà shuō qīngchǔ  ―  to make it clear
  3. to refer to
    是說你，不是說他。 [MSC, trad.]
    是说你，不是说他。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shì shuō nǐ, bùshì shuō tā. [Pinyin]
    I am talking about you, not them.
  4. to discuss
    沒有好說的。／没有好说的。  ―  Méiyǒu hǎo shuō de.  ―  There is nothing to say.
  5. to introduce; to bring parties together
    說媒／说媒  ―  shuōméi  ―  to act as a matchmaker
  6. to criticize; to scold; to upbraid
    你怎麼天天都說我？ [MSC, trad.]
    你怎么天天都说我？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme tiāntiān dōu shuō wǒ? [Pinyin]
    Why do you constantly criticize me?
  7. to perform
    說相聲／说相声  ―  shuō xiàngshēng  ―  to perform cross-talk
  8. theory; explanation
    學說／学说  ―  xuéshuō  ―  theory
    假說／假说  ―  jiǎshuō  ―  hypothesis
Synonyms
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  • (to say):
Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說, 道 literary
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 說
Taiwan 說, 講
Malaysia 說, 講
Singapore 說, 講
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 說
Jinan 說
Jiaoliao Mandarin Qingdao 說, 講
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 說
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 說
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 說
Wuhan 說
Guilin 講
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 講
Pematangsiantar 講
Jianghuai Mandarin Hefei 講
Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
Hong Kong 講, 話
Macau 講, 話
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
Zhuhai (Doumen) 講
Taishan 話
Taishan (Guanghai) 講
Yunfu 話
Yangjiang 講, 話
Beihai 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 講
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 講
Danzhou 講
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 講, 話
Penang (Guangfu) 講, 話
Singapore (Guangfu) 講, 話
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 講
Móng Cái 講
Mandalay (Taishan) 講
Gan Nanchang 話
Hakka Meixian 講, 話
Wuhua (Meilin) 講
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 講
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 講
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 講
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 講
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 講
Hong Kong 講
Kuching (Hepo) 講
Singapore (Dabu) 講
Huizhou Jixi 講
Jin Taiyuan 說
Northern Min Jian'ou 話
Eastern Min Fuzhou 講
Fuqing 講
Singapore (Fuqing) 講
Southern Min Xiamen 講
Xiamen (Tong'an) 講
Quanzhou 說
Jinjiang 說
Shishi 說, 講
Zhangzhou 講
Zhao'an 呾, 講
Dongshan 講
Taipei 講
Kaohsiung 講
Tainan 講
Penang (Hokkien) 講
Singapore (Hokkien) 講
Manila (Hokkien) 說, 講
Chaozhou 呾
Raoping 呾
Shantou 呾
Shantou (Chenghai) 呾
Shantou (Chaoyang) 呾
Jieyang 呾
Lufeng 講
Haifeng 講
Bangkok (Teochew) 呾, 講
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 呾
Hat Yai (Teochew) 呾
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 呾
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 呾
Singapore (Teochew) 呾
Pontianak (Teochew) 呾
Leizhou 講
Wenchang 講
Haikou 講
Qionghai 講
Singapore (Hainanese) 講
Puxian Min Putian 講
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 講
Southern Pinghua Binyang 講, 說
Wu Shanghai 講, 話 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 話
Suzhou 講, 說
Hangzhou 說, 話, 講
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 講, 話
Ningbo 講, 話
Wenzhou 講
Xiang Changsha 講
Xiangtan 講
Xiangxiang 講
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 講
Shuangfeng 曰, 講
  • (to explain):
  • (to refer):
  • (to discuss):
  • (to criticize):
  • (theory):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (說):
  • → Japanese: 説(せつ) (setsu)
  • → Korean: 설(說) (seol)
  • → Vietnamese: thuyết (說)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 說
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 祭 (36)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舒芮切
Baxter sywejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiuᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕʷiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiuæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕwiajH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭwɛiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯wɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 說
Reading # 1/3
No. 2552
Phonetic
component 		兑
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		稅
Old
Chinese 		/*hljods/

Definitions

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說

  1. to persuade; to canvass; to lobby
  2. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to persuade):

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (說):

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Rime
Character 說
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 薛 (82)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 弋雪切
Baxter ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwiat̚/
Li
Rong 		/iuɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyut6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 說
Reading # 3/3
No. 2577
Phonetic
component 		兑
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		悅
Old
Chinese 		/*lod/

Definitions

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說

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 / 悦 (yuè, “happy; delighted”)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 4

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Definitions

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說

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 脫 / 脱 (“to free; to relieve”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

説

Kyūjitai

說

Kanji

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說

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 説)

  1. opinion
  2. theory
  3. explanation
  4. rumor

Readings

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Usage notes

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This character lacks essential JIS support and is not used in Japanese. The character 説 (U+8AAC) is used instead.

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 說 (MC sywet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: syyélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 니ᄅᆞᆯ (Yale: nilol) 셜 (Yale: syel)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

說 (eumhun 말씀 설 (malsseum seol))

  1. hanja form? of 설 (“theory, opinion, view; rumour”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 설 (“theory”) [suffix]
  3. hanja form? of 설 (“to explain; to speak; to talk”) [affix]
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 說 (MC sywejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆒᆼ〮 (Yale: syyéy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 달앨 (Yale: talGayl) 셰 (Yale: syey)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [세(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]

說 (eumhun 달랠 세 (dallael se))

  1. hanja form? of 세 (“to persuade”) [affix]
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 說 (MC ywet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄋᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: yyélq)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

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說 (eumhun 기쁠 열 (gippeul yeol))

  1. hanja form? of 열 (“used in personal names”) [1]
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 (“hanja form? of 열 (“to be happy”)”)

References

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  1. ^ Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 29. [1]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

說: Hán Nôm readings: thuyết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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