說

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See also: 説 and 说
說 U+8AAA, 說
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AAA
← 誩
[U+8AA9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誫 →
[U+8AAB]
說 U+F96F, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96F
← 葉
[U+F96E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 殺 →
[U+F970]
說 U+F9A1, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A1
← 裂
[U+F9A0] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 廉 →
[U+F9A2]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 說
Shinjitai 説
Simplified 说

Han character[edit]

說 (radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口金口山 (YRCRU), four-corner 08616, composition ⿰言兌)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1164, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35556
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1629, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 6, page 3979, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AAA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 說/説
simp. 说
alternative forms ⿰言兊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 說
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
說-silk.svg 說-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毤 *l̥ʰoːds
蛻 *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧 *l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾 *l̥ʰoːds
裞 *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌 *l'oːds
綐 *l'oːds
銳 *l'oːds, *lods
帨 *stʰods, *hljods
稅 *hljods
說 *hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚 *hljods
䫄 *rtʰoːd
脫 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻 *l̥ʰoːd
挩 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲 *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵 *l'oːd
敓 *l'oːd
痥 *l'oːd
悅 *lod, *lod
閱 *lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod): semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology[edit]

All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”).

Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3).

Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: шә - dialectal.
Note:
  • seh/serh/soeh - vernacular;
  • soat - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 說
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 薛 (82)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 失爇切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕiuᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕʷiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕjuæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕwiat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiuɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭuɛt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shuo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		syut3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 說
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shuō
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sywet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l̥ot/
    English speak, explain

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 說
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 2571
    Phonetic
    component         		兑
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		說
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hljod/

    Definitions[edit]

    說

    1. to say; to speak
      說漢語 / 说汉语  ―  shuō Hànyǔ  ―  speak Chinese
      說話 / 说话  ―  shuōhuà  ―  to speak
    2. to explain
      把話說清楚 / 把话说清楚  ―  bǎ huà shuō qīngchǔ  ―  to make it clear
    3. to refer to
    4. to discuss
    5. to introduce; to bring parties together
      說媒 / 说媒  ―  shuōméi  ―  to act as a matchmaker
    6. to criticize; to scold; to upbraid
      你怎麼天天都說我？ [MSC, trad.]
      你怎么天天都说我？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ zěnme tiāntiān dōu shuō wǒ? [Pinyin]
      Why do you constantly criticize me?
    7. to perform
      說相聲 / 说相声  ―  shuō xiàngshēng  ―  to perform cross-talk
    8. theory; explanation
      學說 / 学说  ―  xuéshuō  ―  theory
      假說 / 假说  ―  jiǎshuō  ―  hypothesis
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to say):
    Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說
    Mandarin Beijing 說
    Taiwan 說, 講
    Tianjin 說
    Jinan 說
    Xi'an 說
    Wuhan 說
    Chengdu 說
    Guilin 講
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 講
    Hefei 講
    Malaysia 講, 說
    Singapore 講, 說
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 說
    Pematangsiantar 講
    Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
    Hong Kong 講, 話
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
    Doumen 講
    Taishan 話
    Taishan (Guanghai) 講
    Yunfu 話
    Yangjiang 講, 話
    Beihai 講
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 講
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 講
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 講
    Danzhou 講
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 講, 話
    Penang (Guangfu) 講, 話
    Singapore (Guangfu) 講, 話
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 講
    Móng Cái 講
    Mandalay (Taishan) 講
    Gan Nanchang 話
    Hakka Meixian 講, 話
    Wuhua (Meilin) 講
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 講
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 講
    Dongshi (Dabu) 講
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 講
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 講
    Huizhou Jixi 講
    Jin Taiyuan 說
    Min Bei Jian'ou 話
    Min Dong Fuzhou 講
    Min Nan Xiamen 講
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 講
    Quanzhou 說
    Jinjiang 說
    Zhangzhou 講
    Zhao'an 呾, 講
    Dongshan 講
    Taipei 講
    Kaohsiung 講
    Tainan 講
    Penang (Hokkien) 講
    Singapore (Hokkien) 講
    Manila (Hokkien) 說, 講
    Chaozhou 呾
    Shantou 呾
    Chenghai 呾
    Chaoyang 呾
    Jieyang 呾
    Lufeng 講
    Haifeng 講
    Phnom Penh (Teochew) 呾
    Singapore (Teochew) 呾
    Leizhou 講
    Wenchang 講
    Haikou 講
    Qionghai 講
    Singapore (Hainanese) 講
    Puxian Min Putian 講
    Southern Pinghua Binyang 講, 說
    Wu Shanghai 講
    Suzhou 講, 說
    Wenzhou 講
    Xiang Changsha 講
    Shuangfeng 曰, 講
    Xiangtan 講
    Xiangxiang 講
    Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 講
    • (to explain):
    edit
    Synonyms of 說
    • (to refer):
    edit
    • (to discuss):
    edit
    Synonyms of 說
    • (to criticize):
    edit
    Synonyms of 說
    • (theory):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 說

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (說):
    • → Japanese: 説(せつ) (setsu)
    • → Korean: 설 (說, seol)
    • → Vietnamese: thuyết (說)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 說
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 祭 (36)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 舒芮切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕiuᴇiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕʷiɛiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕiuæiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕwiajH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiuɛiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭwɛiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯wɛiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shuì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		seoi3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 說
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 2552
    Phonetic
    component         		兑
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		稅
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hljods/

    Definitions[edit]

    說

    1. to persuade; to canvass; to lobby
    2. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to persuade):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 說

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (說):

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Rime
    Character 說
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 薛 (82)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 弋雪切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiuᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jʷiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/juæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jwiat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/iuɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭuɛt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯wɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyut6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 說
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 2577
    Phonetic
    component         		兑
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		悅
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lod/

    Definitions[edit]

    說

    1. † Alternative form of 悅／悦 (yuè, “happy; delighted”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 說

    Pronunciation 4[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    說

    1. † Alternative form of 脫／脱 (tuō, “to free; to relieve”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 說

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    說

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 説)

    1. opinion
    2. theory
    3. explanation
    4. rumor

    Readings[edit]

    Usage notes[edit]

    This character lacks essential JIS support and is not used in Japanese. The character 説 (U+8AAC) is used instead.

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 說 (MC ɕiuᴇt̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: syyélq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 니ᄅᆞᆯ (Yale: nilol) 셜 (Yale: syel)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    說 (eumhun 말씀 설 (malsseum seol))

    1. Hanja form? of 설 (“theory”). [noun]
    2. Hanja form? of 설 (“to explain; to speak; to talk”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 說 (MC ɕiuᴇiH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆒᆼ〮 (Yale: syyéy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 달앨 (Yale: talGayl) 셰 (Yale: syey)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangeul: [세(ː)]
      • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    Hanja[edit]

    說 (eumhun 달랠 세 (dallael se))

    1. Hanja form? of 세 (“to persuade”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 3[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 說 (MC jiuᴇt̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄋᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: yyélq)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    說 (eumhun 기쁠 열 (gippeul yeol))

    1. Hanja form? of 열 (“used in personal names”).
    2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 (“Hanja form? of 열 (“to be happy”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
    • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin-guk daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, inmyeong-yonghanjapyo), page 29. [4]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    說: Hán Nôm readings: thuyết

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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