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U+6708, 月
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6708

[U+6707]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6709]
U+2F49, ⽉
KANGXI RADICAL MOON

[U+2F48]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F4A]

U+2E9D, ⺝
CJK RADICAL MOON

[U+2E9C]
CJK Radicals Supplement
[U+2E9E]
U+322A, ㈪
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH MOON

[U+3229]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+322B]
U+328A, ㊊
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH MOON

[U+3289]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+328B]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 74, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input (B), four-corner 77220, composition 𠄠)

  1. Kangxi radical #74, .

Usage notes

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Do not confuse with , a form of (flesh, meat) when used as the left-hand radical of a character. is used for parts of the body such as (back) or (liver). These may be written identically as , but in careful use they are distinguished, with the inside of being written with unattached diagonal strokes. This is particularly an issue in looking up characters by radical; compare the 月 index and 肉 index.

Older/orthodox forms such as the Kangxi dictionary forms may additionally distinguish components that are related to neither nor , such as e.g. , or where the two horizontal strokes would be written as two unattached dots instead. Also, the bottom part of () components would be written as . The orthodox and components, while similar, would still be distinguished slightly: they both use horizontal strokes, but connects them to the shape on both sides, and only connects them on the left side.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 879, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2041, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6708

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𡇹
𠥱
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • goe̍h (Southern Min)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a crescent moon. Related to () and interchangeable in the past, but both are unrelated to , in which it represents two pieces of meat stylized as .

Unrelated to:

  • , in which it represents a boat ( > 𠝣 > 𣦃 > 前);
  • , in which it represents a boat again (𦩎 > 𦨶 > 朕)
  • , in which it represents cinnabar (𤯞 > > 青);
  • , in which it represents the elongated face of a kind of dragon, perhaps a Panlong;
  • and , in which it represents sacrificed meat stylized as 𱼀;
  • , in which it represents dog meat ().
  • and , in which it represents just meat.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋʷ(j)a-t (moon; star), whence also Magar [Term?] (gya hot, moon), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *mwatᴸ (star; moon) (whence Lahu məʔ-kə (star)), Drung gurmet (star) (Matisoff, 1980; LaPolla, 1987; STEDT).

Various alternative etymologies have also been proposed:

  • Unger (1992) proposes cognation with Tibetan ངོ (ngo, waxing and waning moon; half moon) (as in མར་ངོ (mar ngo, waning moon) and ཡར་ངོ (yar ngo, waxing moon)), which Schuessler (2007) connects to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋow (white; light colour). However, Sagart (1999) points out that the Tibetan word may be analyzed as a derivative of Tibetan ངོ (ngo, face), which would mean the semantic connection between “moon” and “face” had to occur either independently in Chinese and Tibetan or in Proto-Sino-Tibetan; it also requires positing a suffix -t in Chinese.
  • Pulleybank (1995a) proposes another etymology based on the glyph for (míng) (reconstructed as *màŋʲ), which he analyses as a phono-semantic compound of phonetic (, moon) and semantic (kǒu, mouth). He suggests that the phonetic component represents a lost word *màŋʲ (moon), and reconstructs as *mŋʲ (consonantal frame of “moon”) + *-at (suffix) > *ŋʲʷat. However, there are more straightforward ways of explaining the glyph origin of (míng) (see there), which would nullify the hypothesis of the lost word.
  • Related to (to pass over; to cross over) in some way.
    • Mei (1979) derives from (OC **gjot > *gwjat): **N-gjot > *ngwjat. Also in this proposed word family is (OC **s-gjots > *skwjadh, “year”). The semantics of this word family is centred around "to pass; to elapse". While Matisoff (1980) seems supportive of this word family, STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (to travel; to go through) for and (suì), separate from the root for .
    • Ferlus (2012) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ŋ.wat and puts it in a word family formed from a Chinese root *wat, having a meaning of "circularity" or "circular boundary". This proposed word family includes (OC *wat, “to cross over”), as in "to cross the enclosure of the village", and (OC *ŋ.wat-s, “outside”), as in "out of the enclosure of the village".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ngut5 - literary;
  • ngut5-4 - “month”;
  • ngut5-4* - “moon”.
Note:
  • gue2 - vernacular;
  • gue5 - vernacular (used in month names, e.g. 六月);
  • goeh7/gyeh7 - literary.
Note:
  • ge̍h/ge̍rh/goe̍h/gōe/gēr - vernacular;
  • goa̍t - literary.
Note:
  • bhue6 - vernacular;
  • yieg4 - literary.
Note:
  • (Shanghainese) 8yuq, 8yoq - common;
  • (Shanghainese) 8gniuq, 8gnioq - expected from historical rime;
  • (Suzhounese) 8ngeq - colloquial;
  • (Suzhounese) 8yuq - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /yɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /yɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ye⁵³/
Jinan /yə²¹/
Qingdao /yə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /yɛ²¹/
Xining /yu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ye¹³/
Lanzhou /yə¹³/
Ürümqi /yɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ye²¹³/
Chengdu /ye³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /yeʔ⁵/
Hefei /yɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
Pingyao /yʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /yaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ¹/
/ȵioʔ¹/
/ɦyɪʔ¹/
/ȵyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦyəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ue²²/
Tunxi /ȵyɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ye²⁴/
Xiangtan /yæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ȵyɵʔ²/ ~光
/ȵyɵʔ⁵/ 一個~
Hakka Meixian /ŋiat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyt̚²/
Nanning /yt̚²²/
Hong Kong /jyt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /guat̚⁵/
/geʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋuoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋyɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /gueʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zuak̚⁵/
/vue³³/
/kɔu²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ngjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuat̚/
Li
Rong
/ŋiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyut6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuè
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjwot ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ŋ]ʷat/
English moon, month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16319
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋod/

Definitions

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  1. (literary or dialectal) moon (Classifier: m)
  2. moon-shaped; round like a moon
      ―  yuèqín  ―  yueqin, moon zither
  3. (literary) moonlight
  4. (Cantonese, in compounds) Short for 月餅月饼 (“mooncake”).
    雙黃蓮蓉双黄莲蓉 [Cantonese]  ―  soeng1 wong4-2 lin4 jung4 jyut6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  lotus seed paste mooncake with two yolks
  5. month (Classifier: m c;  h)
    Synonyms: 月份 (yuèfèn), 號頭号头 (6ghau-deu) (Wu)
  6. monthly
      ―  yuèxīn  ―  monthly wage
  7. Classifier for months.
  8. a surname
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:月.

Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():

Others:

  • Bouyei: nguad (month)
  • ? Thai: งวด (ngûuat, appointed time)
  • Zhuang: nyied (moon; month)

See also

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“meat; flesh; pork; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of ).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“night; evening; dusk”).
(This character is an ancient form of ).

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of ).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
つき
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨tuki2 → */tukɨ/ → */t͡sukɨ//t͡suki/

From Old Japanese (tuki2), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tukui.[1]

For the vowel alternation, see WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(つき) (tsuki

  1. the moon
    Synonyms: 太陰 (taiin), ムーン (Mūn)
  2. (astronomy) a natural satellite
  3. moonlight, moonbeam
    Synonyms: 月光 (gekkō), 月影 (tsukikage)
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various designs of the moon
  5. (tarot) the Moon, the eighteenth trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks
  6. a month
  7. Short for 月囲い (tsukigakoi): a mistress on a monthly allowance
  8. (archaic) a menstrual cycle, menstruation (believed to be caused by the moon)
    Synonyms: 月経 (gekkei), 月の物 (tsuki no mono)
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:月.

Derived terms
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Japanese number-counter combinations for (つき) (tsuki)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How many?
(ひと)(つき) (hitotsuki) (ふた)(つき) (futatsuki) ()(つき) (mitsuki) ()(つき) (yotsuki) (いつ)(つき) (itsutsuki) ()(つき) (mutsuki) (なな)(つき) (nanatsuki) ()(つき) (yatsuki) (ここの)(つき) (kokonotsuki) ()(つき) (totsuki) (なん)(つき) (nantsuki)
Idioms
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Proper noun

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(つき) (Tsuki