外
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
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Han character[edit]
外 (radical 36 夕+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈卜 (NIY), four-corner 23200, composition ⿰夕卜)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 246, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5750
- Dae Jaweon: page 487, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 860, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5916
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
外 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 外
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷaːds): semantic 卜 + phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngoi
- Min Dong (BUC): nguôi / ngiê
- Min Nan (POJ): gōa / gōe
- Wu (Wiktionary): nga (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ
- Wade-Giles: wai4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: way
- IPA (key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ngoi6
- Yale: ngoih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi6
- IPA (key): /ŋɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi
- Hakka Romanization System: ngoi
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi4
- IPA: /ŋo̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguôi / ngiê
- IPA (key): /ŋuɔi²⁴²/, /ŋiɛ²⁴²/
- Note: nguôi - literary; ngiê - colloquial.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa / gōe
- Tâi-lô: guā / guē
- Phofsit Daibuun: goa, goe
- IPA (Taipei): /gua³³/, /gue³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /gua²²/, /gue²²/
- Note: gōa - literary; gōe - colloquial.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nga (T3)
- IPA (key): /ŋᴀ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 外 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /uai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /vai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /vɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /vɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /uai³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /uai⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /uɛ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /vɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /vɛ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /vai²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /uai³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /uai¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /uai²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /uæ²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /uae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ue̞⁵³/ /ue⁵³/ |
|
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /uæ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /vɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋa²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ŋɑ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦue̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /va²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /uɛ²²/ /ŋa²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ŋa¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uai⁵⁵/ /uai¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /uai²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uai²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋoi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋoi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɔi²²/ |
| Nanning | /ŋɔi²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ŋɔi²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /gue²²/ /gua²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋuɔi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kuɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /gua³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ŋɔi³³/ /hua²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 外 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (26) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五會切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋuɑiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋʷɑiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋuɑiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋwajH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋuɑiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋuɑiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋuɑiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wuì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 外 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wài |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngwajH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s/ |
| English | outside |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 外 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12606 |
| Phonetic component |
外 |
| Rime group |
祭 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
外 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋʷaːds/ |
Definitions[edit]
外
- out, outside, external
- beyond, above
- not of one's own family, clan, locality, school, country, etc.; foreign
- relatives of one's mother, sister or daughter
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 外
|
|
|
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
外
Readings[edit]
- Goon: げ (ge)
- Kan’on: がい (gai)
- Tōon: うい (ui) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: そと (soto), ほか (hoka), はずす (外す, hazusu)
Noun[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (the) outside
Suffix[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
|
Antonyms[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- Sound (hangeul): 외 (revised: oe, McCune-Reischauer: oe, Yale: oy)
- Name (hangeul): 바깥 (revised: bakkat, McCune-Reischauer: pakkat, Yale: pakkath)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
外 (ngoại, ngoái, ngoải, ngoài, nguậy)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings[edit]
- Nôm: ngoái, ngoài, ngoại, ngòi, ngồi
Compounds[edit]
- ngoại quốc (外國)
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
Categories:
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji read as げ
- Japanese kanji read as がい
- Japanese kanji read as うい
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 外
- Japanese suffixes
- Japanese basic words
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
