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五

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 伍 and 𢀑
五 U+4E94, 五
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E94
← 亓
[U+4E93] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 井 →
[U+4E95]
㈤ U+3224, ㈤
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FIVE
← ㈣
[U+3223] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈥ →
[U+3225]
㊄ U+3284, ㊄
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FIVE
← ㊃
[U+3283] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊅ →
[U+3285]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
五

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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五 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一木一 (MDM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿱一𫝀 or ⿻丅ユ or ⿻工𠃍)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 11, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E94

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 五
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j29736
j29737
j29738
j29739
j29740
j29741
j29742
j29743
j29744
j29745
j29746
j29747
j29748
j29749
j29750
j29751
j29752
j29753
j29754
j29755
j29756
j29757
j29758
j29759
j29760
j29761
j29762
j29763
j29764
j29765
j29766
j29767
j29768
j29769
j29770
j29771
j29772
j29773
j29774
j29775
j29776
j29777
j29778
j29779
j29780
j29781
b19855
b19856
b19857
b19858
b19859
b19860
b19861
b19862
b19863
b19864
b19865
b19866
b19867
b19868
b19869
b19870
b19871
b19872
b19873
b19874
b19875
b19876
b19877
b19878
b19879
b19880
b19881
b19882
b19883
s10919
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34450
L34451
L14821
L14822
L14823
L14824
L14825
L14826
L14827
L14828
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

Originally written 𠄡, consisting of 㐅 with a bar on the top and bottom. One hypothesis explains that this may have meant five because when counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.

In 韋, the upper component (𫝀) is the stylization of a footprint, hence it is similar but unrelated to 五.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 五
alternative forms 伍 financial
㐅
𠄡
𫝀

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-ŋaʔ (“five”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ng3 - vernacular;
  • u3 - literary (e.g. 五香).
Note:
  • ngô - vernacular;
  • ngū - literary.
Note:
  • ngou5 - vernacular;
  • gou3 - literary.
Note:
  • gō͘/gǒ͘/ňg - vernacular;
  • ngó͘/gó͘/gú - literary.
Note:
  • ngou6 - vernacular;
  • ngou2, u2 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: ngeu6 / ngu2
      • Sinological IPA: /ŋɛu³³/, /ŋu³¹/
Note:
  • ngeu6 - vernacular;
  • ngu2 - literary.
Note:
  • ng - vernacular;
  • (o)u, wu - literary;
  • 6ng (Hangzhou) - younger speakers only, influenced by nearby lects.
Rime
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 疑古切
Baxter nguX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɔX/
Li
Rong 		/ŋoX/
Wang
Li 		/ŋuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ng5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nguX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ŋˁaʔ/
English five

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
No. 13147
Phonetic
component 		五
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		五
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaːʔ/

Definitions

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五

  1. five
  2. a surname, Wu (Mainland China, Taiwan) or Ng (Hong Kong)
  3. (printing) The size of type between 小五 (xiǎowǔ) (little 5) and 小四 (xiǎosì) (little 4), standardized as 10½ point.

See also

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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬 / 百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写) 		零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (五):
  • → Japanese: 五(ご) (go)
  • → Korean: 오(五) (o)
  • → Vietnamese: ngũ (五)

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 五

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

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五

  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note la (6).
  2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note la (6).

Derived terms

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References

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  • “五”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “五”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 236.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “五”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 407.

Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  4 5 6  > 
    Cardinal : 五

Kanji

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五

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. five

Readings

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  • Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
  • Kun: いつ (itsu, 五, Jōyō)、いつつ (itsutsu, 五つ, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: い (i)、さ (sa)、さつ (satsu)、ち (chi)、ふ (fu)、み (mi)、め (me)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
五
いつ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *etu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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五(いつ) • (itsu) 

  1. five
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
五
ご
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 五 (MC nguX). Compare modern Hokkien 五 (gō͘ / gǒ͘).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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五(ご) • (go) 

  1. five
  2. a name of a hole of a wind instrument
Coordinate terms
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v • d • e
Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0零れい、ゼロrei, zero
1一、壱、弌、壹いちichi
2二、弐、貳、貮にni
3三、参さんsan
4四、肆よん、しyon, shi
5五、伍ごgo
6六、陸ろくroku
7七、漆なな、しちnana, shichi
8八、捌はちhachi
9九、玖きゅう、くkyū, ku
10十、拾じゅうjū
100百、陌、佰ひゃくhyaku
1,000千、阡、仟せんsen
10,000一万、万、一萬、萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億、億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
五
い
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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五(い) • (i) 

  1. five

Korean

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Etymology

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Korean numbers (edit)
50
 ←  4 5 6  → 
    Native isol.: 다섯 (daseot)
    Native attr.: 다섯 (daseot), (archaic) 닷 (dat)
    Sino-Korean: 오 (o)
    Hanja: 五
    Ordinal: 다섯째 (daseotjjae)

From Middle Chinese 五 (MC nguX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅩᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǒ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 다ᄉᆞᆺ〮 (Yale: tàsós) 오〯 (Yale: wǒ)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [o̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [오(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

五 (eumhun 다섯 오 (daseot o))

  1. hanja form? of 오 (“five”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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五: Hán Việt readings: ngũ[1][2][3][4]
五: Nôm readings: ngũ[1][3][5], ngủ[1], ngỗ[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngũ (“five”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang

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Numeral

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五

  1. Sawndip form of haj (“five”)
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