五

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 伍 and 𢀑
五 U+4E94, 五
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E94
← 亓
[U+4E93] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 井 →
[U+4E95]
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order
五-order.gif

Han character[edit]

五 (radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一木一 (MDM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿱一𫝀 or ⿻丅ユ or ⿻工𠃍)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 86, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 11, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E94

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 五
alternative forms 伍 financial
㐅
𠄡
𫝀

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 五
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
五-oracle.svg 五-bronze.svg 五-silk.svg 五-seal.svg 五-bigseal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j29736.svg

j29736

ACC-j29737.svg

j29737

ACC-j29738.svg

j29738

ACC-j29739.svg

j29739

ACC-j29740.svg

j29740

ACC-j29741.svg

j29741

ACC-j29742.svg

j29742

ACC-j29743.svg

j29743

ACC-j29744.svg

j29744

ACC-j29745.svg

j29745

ACC-j29746.svg

j29746

ACC-j29747.svg

j29747

ACC-j29748.svg

j29748

ACC-j29749.svg

j29749

ACC-j29750.svg

j29750

ACC-j29751.svg

j29751

ACC-j29752.svg

j29752

ACC-j29753.svg

j29753

ACC-j29754.svg

j29754

ACC-j29755.svg

j29755

ACC-j29756.svg

j29756

ACC-j29757.svg

j29757

ACC-j29758.svg

j29758

ACC-j29759.svg

j29759

ACC-j29760.svg

j29760

ACC-j29761.svg

j29761

ACC-j29762.svg

j29762

ACC-j29763.svg

j29763

ACC-j29764.svg

j29764

ACC-j29765.svg

j29765

ACC-j29766.svg

j29766

ACC-j29767.svg

j29767

ACC-j29768.svg

j29768

ACC-j29769.svg

j29769

ACC-j29770.svg

j29770

ACC-j29771.svg

j29771

ACC-j29772.svg

j29772

ACC-j29773.svg

j29773

ACC-j29774.svg

j29774

ACC-j29775.svg

j29775

ACC-j29776.svg

j29776

ACC-j29777.svg

j29777

ACC-j29778.svg

j29778

ACC-j29779.svg

j29779

ACC-j29780.svg

j29780

ACC-j29781.svg

j29781

Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b19855.svg

b19855

ACC-b19856.svg

b19856

ACC-b19857.svg

b19857

ACC-b19858.svg

b19858

ACC-b19859.svg

b19859

ACC-b19860.svg

b19860

ACC-b19861.svg

b19861

ACC-b19862.svg

b19862

ACC-b19863.svg

b19863

ACC-b19864.svg

b19864

ACC-b19865.svg

b19865

ACC-b19866.svg

b19866

ACC-b19867.svg

b19867

ACC-b19868.svg

b19868

ACC-b19869.svg

b19869

ACC-b19870.svg

b19870

ACC-b19871.svg

b19871

ACC-b19872.svg

b19872

ACC-b19873.svg

b19873

ACC-b19874.svg

b19874

ACC-b19875.svg

b19875

ACC-b19876.svg

b19876

ACC-b19877.svg

b19877

ACC-b19878.svg

b19878

ACC-b19879.svg

b19879

ACC-b19880.svg

b19880

ACC-b19881.svg

b19881

ACC-b19882.svg

b19882

ACC-b19883.svg

b19883

Small seal script
ACC-s10919.svg

s10919

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L34450.svg

L34450

ACC-L34451.svg

L34451

ACC-L14821.svg

L14821

ACC-L14822.svg

L14822

ACC-L14823.svg

L14823

ACC-L14824.svg

L14824

ACC-L14825.svg

L14825

ACC-L14826.svg

L14826

ACC-L14827.svg

L14827

ACC-L14828.svg

L14828

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

One possibility (obviously folk etymology) is that 五 was originally written as five horizontal lines, similar to 一, 二, 三, and the obsolete 亖 (“four”), but in common writing the lines would blend together. Thus, two lines were turned vertical and the right one was shortened, to form one stroke with the middle horizontal line. An alternate hypothesis explains the original ancient form of 五 that resembled 㐅 with a bar on top and a bar on bottom, as in 𠄡. This would have meant five because when counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa (“five”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ng3 - vernacular;
  • u3 - literary (e.g. 五香).
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • ngô - vernacular;
    • ngū - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • gō͘/gǒ͘ - vernacular;
    • ngó͘/gó͘ - literary.
    Note:
    • ngou6 - vernacular;
    • ngou2, u2 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 3hhngg - vernacular;
    • 2u - literary.
  • Xiang
    Rime
    Character 五
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 疑古切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋuoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋuoX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋoX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋɔX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋoX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋuoX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wǔ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 五
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nguX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ŋˁaʔ/
    English five

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 五
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13147
    Phonetic
    component         		五
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		五
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋaːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    五

    1. five
    2. A surname​. Wu (mainland China, Taiwan), Ng (Hong Kong)
    3. (printing) The size of type between 小五 (little 5) and 小四 (little 4), standardized as 10½ point.

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 五

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (五):
    • → Japanese: 五(ご) (go)
    • → Korean: 오 (五, o)
    • → Vietnamese: ngũ (五)

    Others:

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  4 5 6  > 
        Cardinal : 五

    Kanji[edit]

    五

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. five

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    五
    いつ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    五(いつ) • (itsu) 

    1. five
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    五
    ご
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 五 (MC ŋuoX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Audio
      		(file)

    Noun[edit]

    五(ご) • (go) 

    1. five
    2. a name of a hole of a wind instrument
    Coordinate terms[edit]
    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    五
    い
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    五(い) • (i) 

    1. five

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 五 (MC ŋuoX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Phonetic hangeul: [오ː]
      Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    五 (eumhun 다섯 오 (daseot o))

    1. Hanja form? of 오 (“five”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    五: Hán Việt readings: ngũ[1][2][3][4]
    五: Nôm readings: ngũ[1][3][5], ngủ[1], ngỗ[1]

    1. Hán tự form of ngũ (“five”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ^ Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
    4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Zhuang[edit]

    Numeral[edit]

    五

    1. Sawndip form of haj (“five”)
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=五&oldid=60961994"