五

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五 U+4E94, 五
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E94
← 亓
[U+4E93]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 井 →
[U+4E95]
See also: 伍
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
五-order.gif

Han character[edit]

五 (radical 7 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一木一 (MDM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿱一𫝀)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 86, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 11, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E94

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 五
alt. forms 伍 financial
㐅
𠄡
𫝀

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 五
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
五-oracle.svg 五-bronze.svg 五-silk.svg 五-bigseal.svg 五-seal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j29736.svg

j29736
ACC-j29737.svg

j29737
ACC-j29738.svg

j29738
ACC-j29739.svg

j29739
ACC-j29740.svg

j29740
ACC-j29741.svg

j29741
ACC-j29742.svg

j29742
ACC-j29743.svg

j29743
ACC-j29744.svg

j29744
ACC-j29745.svg

j29745
ACC-j29746.svg

j29746
ACC-j29747.svg

j29747
ACC-j29748.svg

j29748
ACC-j29749.svg

j29749
ACC-j29750.svg

j29750
ACC-j29751.svg

j29751
ACC-j29752.svg

j29752
ACC-j29753.svg

j29753
ACC-j29754.svg

j29754
ACC-j29755.svg

j29755
ACC-j29756.svg

j29756
ACC-j29757.svg

j29757
ACC-j29758.svg

j29758
ACC-j29759.svg

j29759
ACC-j29760.svg

j29760
ACC-j29761.svg

j29761
ACC-j29762.svg

j29762
ACC-j29763.svg

j29763
ACC-j29764.svg

j29764
ACC-j29765.svg

j29765
ACC-j29766.svg

j29766
ACC-j29767.svg

j29767
ACC-j29768.svg

j29768
ACC-j29769.svg

j29769
ACC-j29770.svg

j29770
ACC-j29771.svg

j29771
ACC-j29772.svg

j29772
ACC-j29773.svg

j29773
ACC-j29774.svg

j29774
ACC-j29775.svg

j29775
ACC-j29776.svg

j29776
ACC-j29777.svg

j29777
ACC-j29778.svg

j29778
ACC-j29779.svg

j29779
ACC-j29780.svg

j29780
ACC-j29781.svg

j29781
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b19855.svg

b19855
ACC-b19856.svg

b19856
ACC-b19857.svg

b19857
ACC-b19858.svg

b19858
ACC-b19859.svg

b19859
ACC-b19860.svg

b19860
ACC-b19861.svg

b19861
ACC-b19862.svg

b19862
ACC-b19863.svg

b19863
ACC-b19864.svg

b19864
ACC-b19865.svg

b19865
ACC-b19866.svg

b19866
ACC-b19867.svg

b19867
ACC-b19868.svg

b19868
ACC-b19869.svg

b19869
ACC-b19870.svg

b19870
ACC-b19871.svg

b19871
ACC-b19872.svg

b19872
ACC-b19873.svg

b19873
ACC-b19874.svg

b19874
ACC-b19875.svg

b19875
ACC-b19876.svg

b19876
ACC-b19877.svg

b19877
ACC-b19878.svg

b19878
ACC-b19879.svg

b19879
ACC-b19880.svg

b19880
ACC-b19881.svg

b19881
ACC-b19882.svg

b19882
ACC-b19883.svg

b19883
Large seal script
ACC-L34450.svg

L34450
ACC-L34451.svg

L34451
ACC-L14821.svg

L14821
ACC-L14822.svg

L14822
ACC-L14823.svg

L14823
ACC-L14824.svg

L14824
ACC-L14825.svg

L14825
ACC-L14826.svg

L14826
ACC-L14827.svg

L14827
ACC-L14828.svg

L14828
Small seal script
ACC-s10919.svg

s10919
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

One possibility is that 五 was originally written as five horizontal lines, similar to 一, 二, 三, and the obsolete 亖 (“four”), but in common writing the lines would blend together. Thus, two lines were turned vertical and the right one was shortened, to form one stroke with the middle horizontal line. An alternate hypothesis is that 五 originally resembled an X with a bar on top and a bar on bottom, as in 𠄡. This would have meant five because when counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa (“five”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ngô - vernacular;
  • ngū - literary.
Note:
  • gō͘/gǒ͘ - vernacular;
  • ngó͘/gó͘ - literary.
Note:
  • ngou6 - vernacular;
  • ngou2, u2 - literary.
Note:
  • 3hhngg - vernacular;
  • 2u - literary.
Rime
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 疑古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋuoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋuoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɔX/
Li
Rong		 /ŋoX/
Wang
Li		 /ŋuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nguX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.ŋˤaʔ/
English five

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
No. 13147
Phonetic
component		 五
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 五
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋaːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

五

  1. five
  2. A surname​. Wu (mainland China, Taiwan), Ng (Hong Kong)
  3. (printing) The size of type between 小五 (little 5) and 小四 (little 4), standardized as 10½ point.

See also[edit]

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Cardinal 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬
万		 億
亿		 兆
Financial 零 壹 貳
贰		 參
叁		 肆 伍 陸
陆		 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟 萬
万		 億
亿		 兆

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 五

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (五):
  • Japanese: 五 (ご) (go)
  • Korean: 오 (五, o)
  • Vietnamese: ngũ (五)

Others:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

五

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. five, 5

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • New Nelson: 77
  • Halpern: 3436
  • Halpern Learners: 2142
  • Heisig: 5
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a4.27
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Pronunciation[edit]

Number[edit]

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  4 5 6  > 
    Cardinal : 五

五 (ご, go)

  1. five, 5

Noun[edit]

五 (hiragana ご, rōmaji go)

  1. five
  2. a name of a hole of a wind instrument

Noun[edit]

五 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji itsu)

  1. five

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

五 • (o)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 오 (revised: o, McCune-Reischauer: o, Yale: o)
    • Name (hangeul): 다섯 (revised: daseot, McCune-Reischauer: tasŏt, Yale: tases)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Mulam[edit]

Numeral[edit]

五 (kwən1)

  1. five

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

五 (ngũ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang[edit]

Numeral[edit]

五

  1. Sawndip form of haj
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