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伍

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 五
伍 U+4F0D, 伍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0D
← 伌
[U+4F0C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 伎 →
[U+4F0E]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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伍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人一木一 (OMDM), four-corner 21217, composition ⿰亻五)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 435
  • Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 118, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4F0D

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 伍
s05781
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34452
L14830
L14831
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːʔ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 伍

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • m2 - "five", surname;
  • m4 - troops.
Note:
  • gou3 - literary;
  • ngou5 - vernacular.
Note:
  • ngó͘/gó͘ - literary (incl. surname);
  • gō͘/gǒ͘ - vernacular.
Note: ngou6 - “five”.
Note:
  • 3hhu - literary;
  • 3ngg - vernacular;
  • 2u - only in 隊伍 “company”..
    Rime
    Character 伍
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 疑古切
    Baxter nguX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋuoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋuoX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋoX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋɔX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋoX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋuX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ŋuoX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ng5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 伍
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nguX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ŋˁaʔ/
    English group of five

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 伍
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13148
    Phonetic
    component         		五
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		五
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋaːʔ/

    Definitions

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    伍

    1. troop of five soldiers
    2. (figuratively) military
    3. ally; company
    4. (financial) alternative form of 五 (“five”)
    5. a surname, Wu, Woo, Ng, or Eng
      伍連德／伍连德  ―  Wǔ Liándé  ―  Wu Lien-teh (Malayan Chinese physician and epidemiologist)
      伍家崗區／伍家岗区  ―  Wǔjiāgǎng Qū  ―  Wujiagang District

    See also

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    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫 / 小写)     		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		百萬 / 百万,
    桶(Philippines),
    面桶 (Philippines)     		億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫 / 大写)     		零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (伍):
    • → Japanese: 伍(ご) (go)
    • → Korean: 오(伍) (o)

    Others:

    • (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Go
    • (Mandarin) Tagalog: Wu

    Etymology 2

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    simp. and trad.
    		 伍

    From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 五 (wǔ).

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    伍

    1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high la (6̇).
      Synonym: 鿉 (wǔ) (Cantonese opera)

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    伍

    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    1. (financial, dated) five
    2. five (mahjong)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: ご (go)
    • Kan-on: ご (go)
    • Kun: いつつ (itsutsu, 伍つ)
    • Nanori: くみ (kumi)、あつむ (atsumu)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    伍
    ご
    Jinmeiyō
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 伍 (MC nguX).

    The numeral sense is a substitute spelling for 五(ご) (go, “five”), likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese 伍 (“five”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    伍(ご) • (go) 

    1. (financial, archaic) the number five, 5 (used only in legal documents, otherwise 五)
    2. a military squad (usu. of five people); a group
    Usage notes
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    Legal uses arose due to the relative ease with which certain number kanji can be fraudulently altered to look like other number kanji. For instance, 三 (san, “three”) could be modified to look like 五 (go, “five”), but it cannot be modified to look like 伍 (go, “five”, in legal contexts).

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    伍
    ウー
    Jinmeiyō
    irregular

    Pronunciation

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    Number

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    伍(ウー) • (ū) 

    1. (mahjong) five

    See also

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    • 大字(だいじ) (daiji, “big character”, more-complicated kanji used as phonetic replacements for simpler numeric kanji, in order to prevent fraudulent modification)
    v • d • e
    Japanese numbers
    NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
    0零れい、ゼロrei, zero
    1一、壱、弌、壹いちichi
    2二、弐、貳、貮にni
    3三、参、參さんsan
    4四、肆よん、しyon, shi
    5五、伍ごgo
    6六、陸ろくroku
    7七、漆なな、しちnana, shichi
    8八、捌はちhachi
    9九、玖きゅう、くkyū, ku
    10十、拾じゅうjū
    100百、陌、佰ひゃくhyaku
    1,000千、阡、仟せんsen
    10,000一万、万、一萬、萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
    100,000,000一億、億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 伍 (MC nguX). Recorded as Middle Korean 오〯 (wǒ) (Yale: wo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    伍 (eumhun 다섯사람 오 (daseotsaram o))

    1. hanja form? of 오 (“five”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    伍: Hán Nôm readings: ngũ

    1. five
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