九
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
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| Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
九 (radical 5, 乙+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN), four-corner 40017, composition ⿻丿㇈)
Derived characters[edit]
- 仇, 㕤, 扏, 氿, 肍, 朹, 犰, 䊵(𮉠), 訅, 䜪, 軌(轨), 㐜, 釚(𫟲), 骩, 鼽, 旭, 訄, 䧱, 虓, 頄(𬱓), 馗, 㐡, 㐤, 鳩(鸠), 勼, 宄, 尻, 旯, 㶢, 艽, 究, 㭝, 㐇, 卆, 厹, 叴, 旮, 䲥, 㔲
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 83, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 167
- Dae Jaweon: page 168, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 48, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E5D
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
九 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 玖 financial 𠔀 𢌬 𣲄 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 九 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 尻 | *kʰuː |
| 訄 | *kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu |
| 艽 | *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 虓 | *qʰruː |
| 鳩 | *ku |
| 勼 | *ku |
| 九 | *kuʔ |
| 究 | *kus |
| 仇 | *ɡu |
| 鼽 | *ɡu |
| 犰 | *ɡu |
| 叴 | *ɡu |
| 厹 | *ɡu |
| 頄 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 朹 | *ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 馗 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 扏 | *ɡu |
| 訅 | *ɡu |
| 釚 | *ɡu |
| 肍 | *ɡu |
| 軌 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 宄 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 氿 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 匭 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 泦 | *kuɡ |
| 旭 | *qʰʷoɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手, 寸. The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
九
- nine
- (figuratively) many
- (weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice
See also[edit]
| Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Normal (小寫／小写) |
〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬／万 | 億／亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫／大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳／贰 | 參／叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸／陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | |||
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Tai: *kɤwᶜ (“nine”)
Japanese[edit]
| < 8 | 9 | 10 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : 九 | ||
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Goon: く (ku, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: ここの (kokono, 九, Jōyō); ここのつ (kokonotsu, 九つ, Jōyō)
- Nanori: いちじく (ichijiku); いちのく (ichinoku); この (kono); ひさし (hisashi)
Compounds[edit]
- 九夏 (kyūka)
- 九官鳥 (kyūkanchō, “a mina or mynah bird”)
- 九牛一毛 (kyū gyū ichi mō, “nine cows one hair (a drop in the ocean)”)
- 九九 (kuku), 九々 (kuku, “Multiplication table”)
- 九月 (kugatsu, “September”)
- 九死 (kyūshi, “near death, nearly dead, a close shave”)
- 九州 (Kyūshū, “the Kyūshū region of Japan”)
- 九重 (kokonoe)
- 九寸五分 (kusun gobu, “a short sword, a dagger”)
- 九星 (kyūsei)
- 九折 (kyūsetsu)
- 九泉 (kyūsen, “the nether world”)
- 九地 (kyūchi)
- 九天 (kyūten, “the Ninth Heaven (the highest of heavens)”)
- 九拝 (kyūhai)
- 九分 (kubu)
- 九輪 (kurin)
- 九六 (kunroku)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Early Middle Chinese. Goon, the initial reading when first borrowed into Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Number[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese. Kan'on, a later reading. Borrowed after palatalisation occurred in Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
九 (hiragana きゅう, rōmaji kyū, historical hiragana きう)
Noun[edit]
九 (hiragana きゅう, rōmaji kyū, historical hiragana きう)
- nine
- an indeterminate large number, a myriad, a great many
- (divination) the number of yang, in opposition to 六 (roku, “six”) as the number of yin
Alternative forms[edit]
- (large number): 究
Etymology 3[edit]
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
九 (hiragana ここの, rōmaji kokono)
Etymology 4[edit]
/kokono/ → /kono/
Abbreviation of Old Japanese kokono (“nine”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
- nine
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
- hī, fū, mī, …nana, yā, kono, tō
- one, two, three, ... seven, eight, nine, ten
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
Alternative forms[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Generally only used when counting out loud, as in the example above. In writing, usually found spelled out in hiragana as この to make the reading unambiguous.
References[edit]
- The Japan Times (March 17, 2010). You can count on the tales behind number-kanji. Accessed March 23, 2010.
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
九 • (gu)
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
九 (cửu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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