九
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
九 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN), four-corner 40017, composition ⿻丿⺄)
Derived characters[edit]
- 仇, 㕤, 扏, 氿, 肍, 朹, 犰, 䊵(𮉠), 訅, 䜪, 軌(轨), 㐜, 釚(𫟲), 骩, 鼽, 丸, 旭, 訄, 䧱, 虓, 頄(𬱓), 馗, 㐡, 㐤, 鳩(鸠), 勼, 宄, 尻, 旯, 㶢, 艽, 究, 㭝, 㐇, 卆, 厹, 叴, 旮, 杂, 䲥, 㔲, 抛, 亴
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 83, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 167
- Dae Jaweon: page 168, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 48, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E5D
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
九 | |
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alternative forms | 玖 financial 𠔀 𢌬 𣲄 |

Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 九 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手, 寸. The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
九
- nine
- 九九八十一。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: “The Mnemonic of Multiplication”
- Jiǔ jiǔ bāshíyī. [Pinyin]
- Nine times nine is eighty-one.
- (figuratively) many
- 九曲黃河萬里沙,浪淘風簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 822?, Liu Yuxi, “Ripples Sifting Sand”
- Jiǔ qū huánghé wàn lǐ shā, làng táo fēng bò zì tiānyá. [Pinyin]
- The Yellow River with its many twists and turns flows thousands of miles full of sand / Carried by its waves stirred up by the wind coming from a faraway land.
九曲黄河万里沙,浪淘风簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice
- 一九二九不出手,三九四九冰上走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: “The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song
- Yī jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔ sì jiǔ bīng shàng zǒu. [Pinyin]
- In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) Synonym of 㞗 (gau1, “penis”).
See also[edit]
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (“nine”)
Etymology 2[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 九 – see 鳩 (“to gather; to assemble”). (This character, 九, is an obsolete form of 鳩.) |
Japanese[edit]
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
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Cardinal : 九 | ||
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: ここの (kokono, 九, Jōyō); ここのつ (kokonotsu, 九つ, Jōyō)
- Nanori: いちじく (ichijiku); いちのく (ichinoku); この (kono); ひさし (hisashi)
Compounds[edit]
- 九夏 (kyūka)
- 九官鳥 (kyūkanchō, “a mina or mynah bird”)
- 九牛一毛 (kyū gyū ichi mō, “nine cows one hair (a drop in the ocean)”)
- 九九 (kuku), 九々 (kuku, “Multiplication table”)
- 九月 (kugatsu, “September”)
- 九死 (kyūshi, “near death, nearly dead, a close shave”)
- 九州 (Kyūshū, “Kyushu”)
- 九重 (kokonoe)
- 九寸五分 (kusun gobu, “a short sword, a dagger”)
- 九星 (kyūsei)
- 九折 (kyūsetsu)
- 九泉 (kyūsen, “the nether world”)
- 九地 (kyūchi)
- 九天 (Kyūten, “Ninth Heaven (the highest of heavens)”)
- 九拝 (kyūhai)
- 九分 (kubu)
- 九輪 (kurin)
- 九六 (kunroku)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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九 |
く Grade: 1 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
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玖 |
From Early Middle Chinese 九 (MC kɨuX). The goon, the initial reading when first borrowed into Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
Noun[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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九 |
きゅう Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 九 (MC kɨuX). The kan'on, a later reading. Borrowed after palatalisation occurred in Middle Chinese. Compare modern Hakka reading giu3.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Number[edit]
Noun[edit]
- nine
- 究: an indeterminate large number, a myriad, a great many
- (divination) the number of yang, in opposition to 六 (roku, “six”) as the number of yin
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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九 |
ここの Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese,[2] from Proto-Japonic *kəkənə.
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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九 |
この Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
/kokono/ → /kono/
Abbreviation of Old Japanese kokono (“nine”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
- nine
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
- hī, fū, mī, …nana, yā, kono, tō
- one, two, three, ... seven, eight, nine, ten
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
Alternative forms[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Generally only used when counting out loud, as in the example above. In writing, usually found spelled out in hiragana as この to make the reading unambiguous.
References[edit]
- The Japan Times (March 17, 2010). You can count on the tales behind number-kanji. Accessed March 23, 2010.
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
90 | ||
← 8 | 9 | 10 → |
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Native isol.: 아홉 (ahop) Native attr.: 아홉 (ahop) Sino-Korean: 구 (gu) Hanja: 九 Ordinal: 아홉째 (ahopjjae) |
From Middle Chinese 九 (MC kɨuX).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 구경 (九卿, gugyeong)
- 구경 (九經, gugyeong)
- 구계 (九界, gugye)
- 구곡 (九穀, gugok)
- 구덕 (九德, gudeok)
- 구동 (九冬, gudong)
- 구륜 (九輪, guryun)
- 구사 (九思, gusa)
- 구십 (九十, gusip)
- 구월 (九月, guwol)
- 구족 (九族, gujok)
- 구중 (九重, gujung)
- 구천 (九天, gucheon)
- 구천 (九泉, gucheon)
- 십구 (十九, sipgu)
- 중구 (重九, junggu)
- 구관조 (九官鳥, gugwanjo)
- 구미호 (九尾狐, gumiho)
- 정구품 (正九品, jeonggupum)
- 종구품 (從九品, jonggupum)
- 구구단 (九九段, gugudan)
- 일세구천 (一歲九遷, ilsegucheon)
- 일월구천 (一月九遷, irwolgucheon)
- 일일구천 (一日九遷, irilgucheon)
Etymology 2[edit]
Related to Middle Chinese 糾 (MC kiɪuX).
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
九: Hán Việt readings: cửu[1][2]
九: Nôm readings: cửu[1][3][4]
Derived terms[edit]
- 九原 (cửu nguyên)
- 九章 (cửu chương)
- 九角 (cửu giác)
- 重九 (trùng cửu)
References[edit]
Zhuang[edit]
Noun[edit]
九
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いちのく
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