九州

Chinese

		nine	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (九州)		九	州
simp. ^#(九州)		九	州

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Jiǔzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² zau¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Kiú-chiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Jiǔzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jiǒujhou
  - Wade–Giles: Chiu³-chou¹
  - Yale: Jyǒu-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jeoujou
  - Palladius: Цзючжоу (Czjučžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau² zau¹
  - Yale: gáu jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiú-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Kiú-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiwciw
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

Etymology 1

The Rites of Zhou identifies the Nine Provinces as 揚 / 扬 (yáng), 荊 / 荆 (jīng), 豫 (yù), 青, 兗 / 兖 (yǎn), 雍 (yōng), 幽 (yōu), 冀 (jì), and 并 (bīng).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term, particularly:

Proper noun

九州

(historical) the Nine Provinces of ancient China; China
- 思九州之博大兮，豈惟是其有女？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  思九州之博大兮，岂惟是其有女？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Sī Jiǔzhōu zhī bódà xī, qǐ wéi shì qí yǒu nǚ? [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 昔後漢荒君，信惑邪偽，妄假睡夢，事胡妖鬼，以亂天常，自古九州之中無此也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  昔后汉荒君，信惑邪伪，妄假睡梦，事胡妖鬼，以乱天常，自古九州之中无此也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wei Shou, Book of Wei, 551 – 554 CE
  Xī Hòuhàn huāng jūn, xìn huò xiéwěi, wàng jiǎ shuìmèng, shì hú yāoguǐ, yǐ luàn tiāncháng, zìgǔ Jiǔzhōu zhīzhōng wú cǐ yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

(China):

edit

世界工廠 / 世界工厂 (shìjiè gōngchǎng) (Internet slang)
中 (abbreviation)
中共 (Zhōnggòng) (Taiwan, derogatory)
中共國 / 中共国 (zhōnggòngguó) (derogatory)
中原 (Zhōngyuán)
中國 / 中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華 / 中华 (Zhōnghuá)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
兲朝 (Tiāncháo) (derogatory, Internet slang)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
大中華 / 大中华 (Dàzhōnghuá) (lofty)
大朝 (dàcháo) (archaic)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
契弟 (qìdì) (Hong Kong, Internet slang, derogatory)
德佑 (Déyòu) (Myanmar)
拆那 (Chāinà) (transliteration of English China)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
東大 / 东大 (Dōngdà) (Internet slang, humorous)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
牆國 / 墙国 (qiángguó) (Taiwan, derogatory, sarcastic)
猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
祖國 / 祖国 (zǔguó)
神土 (historical)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
種花家 / 种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
終國 / 终国 (derogatory)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
芝麻 (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
華 / 华 (abbreviation)
華夏 / 华夏 (Huáxià)
虫國 (chóngguó) (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
蚛蟈 / 蚛蝈 (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華 / 诸华 (Zhūhuá)
貴支 / 贵支 (guìzhī) (Mainland China, Internet slang, neologism, derogatory, sarcastic, offensive)
贏國 / 赢国 (Hong Kong, humorous, derogatory, sarcastic)
赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

Derived terms

大九州

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 九州 (Kyūshū).

Proper noun

九州

Kyushu (the third largest island of Japan)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
九	州
きゅう Grade: 1	しゅう Grade: 3
kan'on

Etymology 1

Wikipedia has articles on:

九州 (Japanese)
Kyushu (English)

From the nine former provinces of 筑前(ちくぜん) (Chikuzen), 筑後(ちくご) (Chikugo), 肥前(ひぜん) (Hizen), 肥後(ひご) (Higo), 豊前(ぶぜん) (Buzen), 豊後(ぶんご) (Bungo), 日向(ひゅうが) (Hyūga), 大隅(おおすみ) (Ōsumi), and 薩摩(さつま) (Satsuma), which made up the island of Kyushu.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term, particularly:

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲɨːɕɨː]
Audio: (file)
(Tokyo) きゅうしゅう [kyúꜜùshùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]

Proper noun

九(きゅう)州(しゅう) • (Kyūshū) ^{←きうしう (Kiusiu)^?}

Kyushu, the third largest island of Japan. (Usually) composed of the seven prefectures of Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Ōita, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima, it is the second southernmost island after Okinawa.

Usage notes

Reference works often include Okinawa, but this is not a very common treatment in real life. (See 九州 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja)

Descendants

→ English: Kyushu
→ Portuguese: Kyushu
→ Russian: Кюсю́ (Kjusjú)

Etymology 2

Wikipedia has articles on:

九州 (中国) (Japanese)
Nine Provinces (English)

Derived from Middle Chinese 九州 (MC kjuwX tsyuw).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲɨːɕɨː]

Proper noun

九(きゅう)州(しゅう) • (Kyūshū) ^{←きうしう (Kiusiu)^?}

(historical) the Nine Provinces of ancient China; (all of) China
(by extension, literary) (all of) Japan

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

{{c|ja|History of China|Nicknames for countries}]

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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