亂

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See also: 乱
亂 U+4E82, 亂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E82
← 亁
[U+4E81] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亃 →
[U+4E83]
亂 U+F91B, 亂
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91B
← 駱
[U+F91A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 卵 →
[U+F91C]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 乱
Simplified 乱
Traditional 亂

Han character[edit]

亂 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+12, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月山 (BBU), four-corner 22210, composition ⿰𤔔乚)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 84, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 214
  • Dae Jaweon: page 173, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 57, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4E82

Chinese[edit]

trad. 亂
simp. 乱
alternative forms
 
乨
乿
𠃶
𠃹
𠃿
乨
乿
𠃶
𠃹
𠃿
𢿢
𢿮
𤕅

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 亂
Bronze inscriptions

b20264

Small seal script

s10943

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (亂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
覼 *roːl
亂 *roːns
薍 *ŋroːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *roːns): phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder.

Etymology[edit]

Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • luêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • luang6 - Shantou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 亂
    Mandarin Beijing /luan⁵¹/
    Harbin /lan⁵³/
    /luan⁵³/
    Tianjin /lan⁵³/
    /luan⁵³/
    Jinan /luã²¹/
    Qingdao /luã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /luan³¹²/
    Xi'an /luã⁴⁴/
    Xining /luã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /luan¹³/
    Lanzhou /luɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /luan²¹³/
    Wuhan /nan³⁵/
    Chengdu /nuan¹³/
    Guiyang /luan²¹³/
    Kunming /luã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /luaŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /lʊ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /luæ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /luɑŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /luæ̃⁵⁵/
    /læ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /lø²³/
    Suzhou /lø³¹/
    Hangzhou /luõ¹³/
    Wenzhou /lø²²/
    Hui Shexian /lo²²/
    Tunxi /luːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lõ⁵⁵/
    /lõ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /nɔn²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /lɵn²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /lon⁵³/
    Taoyuan /lon⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lyn²²/
    Nanning /lyn²²/
    Hong Kong /lyn²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /luan²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /luɑŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /luiŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /luaŋ³⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /luaŋ³⁵/
    /lui²³/
    Rime
    Character 亂
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 郎段切
    Baxter lwanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/luɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/lʷɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/luɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lwanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/luɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/luɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/luɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		luàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lyun6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 亂
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		luàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lwanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]ˁo[n]-s/
    English disorder, rebellion

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 亂
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8645
    Phonetic
    component         		亂
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		亂
    Old
    Chinese         		/*roːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    亂

    1. disorderly; chaotic
      添亂／添乱  ―  tiānluàn  ―  to add trouble
      你的頭髮很亂。／你的头发很乱。  ―  Nǐ de tóufà hěn luàn.  ―  Your hair is very messy.
      亂到狗竇噉／乱到狗窦噉 [Cantonese]  ―  lyun6 dou3 gau2 dau3 gam2 [Jyutping]  ―  as messy as a dog's nest
    2. unstable; volatile; turbulent
      天下大亂／天下大乱  ―  tiānxiàdàluàn  ―  the world is in utter chaos
    3. unrest; uprising; revolt; rebellion
      內亂／内乱  ―  nèiluàn  ―  domestic turmoil
      安史之亂／安史之乱  ―  ānshǐzhīluàn  ―  An Lushan Rebellion
    4. confused; befuddled
    5. distraught; upset
      慌亂／慌乱  ―  huāngluàn  ―  flurried; flustered
      我現在心裡很亂。／我现在心里很乱。  ―  Wǒ xiànzài xīnlǐ hěn luàn.  ―  My mind is in turmoil right now.
    6. promiscuous
      淫亂／淫乱  ―  yínluàn  ―  to be promiscuous; to be licentious
    7. wildly; in an uncontrolled way; without order or reason; at random; haphazardly; having no direction or coherence; recklessly; arbitrarily
      亂說／乱说  ―  luànshuō  ―  to say whatever is on one's mind
      亂舞／乱舞  ―  luànwǔ  ―  to dance in an unorganized, uncoordinated way
    8. to obscure; to blur; to mix up
      以假亂真／以假乱真  ―  yǐjiǎluànzhēn  ―  to pass off fake items as genuine or mix the fake with the genuine
    9. to destroy; to ruin; to throw into disorder; to upset
      自亂陣腳／自乱阵脚  ―  zì luàn zhènjiǎo  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    10. (obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece
    11. (Classical Chinese) to administer; to govern; to manage
    12. (rare and obsolete) to cross a body of water
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (disorderly):
    • (unstable):
    • (to obscure):
    • (to damage):

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note:
    • ruang6 - Shantou;
    • ruêng6 - Chaozhou.

    Definitions[edit]

    亂

    1. (Teochew) casually; as one pleases
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 隨便 (“casually; as one pleases; at random”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 隨便
    Mandarin Taiwan 隨便
    Yangzhou 隨便
    Nanjing 隨便
    Malaysia 隨便
    Singapore 隨便
    Cantonese Guangzhou 隨便, 是但, 求其
    Hong Kong 隨便, 是但, 求其
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 隨便
    Macau 是但
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 是但, 隨便
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 是但
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 隨便
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 是但
    Foshan 是但, 隨便
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 是但
    Foshan (Shunde) 是但
    Foshan (Sanshui) 隨便
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 求其
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 是但
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 是但
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 求其
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 是但, 隨便
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 是但
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 求其, 是但
    Taishan 是但, 求其
    Kaiping (Chikan) 是但, 求其
    Enping (Niujiang) 求其, 是但
    Heshan (Yayao) 是但, 隨便
    Dongguan 隨便, 是但, 求其
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 是但
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 隨便
    Singapore (Guangfu) 隨便
    Gan Nanchang 隨便
    Hakka Meixian 隨便
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 隨便
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 隨便
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 隨便
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 隨便
    Conghua (Lütian) 隨便
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 儘採
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 儘採
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 儘採
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 儘採
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 儘採
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 儘採
    Huizhou Jixi 隨便
    Min Dong Fuzhou 隨便
    Min Nan Xiamen 凊彩
    Quanzhou 凊彩
    Anxi 凊彩
    Zhangzhou 凊彩
    Zhao'an 凊彩
    Dongshan 凊彩
    Tainan 凊彩
    Penang (Hokkien) 凊彩
    Singapore (Hokkien) 凊彩
    Manila (Hokkien) 凊彩
    Chaozhou 亂
    Shantou 亂, 凊彩
    Jieyang 亂, 凊彩
    Lufeng 凊彩
    Haifeng 凊彩
    Singapore (Teochew) 亂, 凊彩
    Singapore (Hainanese) 凊彩
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 是但, 求其
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 是但
    Wu Shanghai 隨便
    Danyang 隨便
    Jinhua 隨便
    Xiang Loudi 隨便

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		乱

    Kyūjitai

    		亂

    Kanji[edit]

    亂

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乱)

    1. turbulent

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    亂 (eumhun 어지러울 란 (eojireoul ran), South Korea 어지러울 난 (eojireoul nan))

    1. Hanja form? of 란/난 (“confusion, state of chaos”).
    2. Hanja form? of 란/난 (“create chaos, revolt”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    亂: Hán Nôm readings: loạn, trộn, lộn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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