關

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See also: 関 and 关
關 U+95DC, 關
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95DC
← 闛
[U+95DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 闝 →
[U+95DD]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 關
Shinjitai 関
Simplified 关

Han character[edit]

關 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日弓女戈廿 (ANVIT), four-corner 77772, composition ⿵門𢇇)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1341, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41470
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4316, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+95DC

Chinese[edit]

trad. 關
simp. 关*
alternative forms
 
関
𨶚
𢇅
𬮦 Singapore simp.
闗
関
𨶚
𢇅
𬮦 Singapore simp.
闗
閞／𫔰
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (卵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卵 *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ
關 *kroːn
関 *kroːn
聯 *ɡ·ron

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn): semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick.

The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • guŏng - vernacular;
  • guăng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • koaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/koaⁿ/koeⁿ - vernacular;
    • koan - literary (incl. surname).
    Note:
    • guên1 - vernacular;
    • guêng1 - literary (Chaozhou);
    • guang1 - literary (Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 關
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 刪 (70)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古還切
    Baxter kwaen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠuan/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷᵚan/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kwaɨn/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuan/
    Wang
    Li         		/kwan/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kwan/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gwaan1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 關 關 關
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		guān guān guān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kwæn › ‹ kwæn › ‹ kwæn ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁro[n]/ /*[k]ˁro[n]/ /*kˁro[n]/
    English barrier 關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry] 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 關
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8640
    Phonetic
    component         		卵
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		關
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kroːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    關

    1. to close; to shut
      關窗子／关窗子  ―  guān chuāngzi  ―  close the window
      他在聖誕節時關了店鋪。 [MSC, trad.]
      他在圣诞节时关了店铺。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā zài shèngdànjié shí guān le diànpù. [Pinyin]
      He shut up his shop at Christmas.
      Antonym: 開／开 (kāi)
    2. to lock up; to detain
      那囚犯被關在單人牢房內。 [MSC, trad.]
      那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nà qiúfàn bèi guān zài dānrén láofáng nèi. [Pinyin]
      The prisoner was locked in a cell.
    3. to turn off; to switch off
      關電燈／关电灯  ―  guān diàndēng  ―  to switch the light off
    4. (literary) to go through; to pass
    5. to concern; to implicate; to relate to
      這不關我的事。／这不关我的事。  ―  Zhè bù guān wǒ de shì.  ―  It does not concern me.
    6. frontier pass; border control; checkpoint (controlled passage)
      海關／海关  ―  hǎiguān  ―  customs (literally, "maritime checkpoint")
      過關／过关  ―  guòguān  ―  to break through a pass; to go through border control
    7. (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”).
    8. relation (family/contacts)
    9. a surname
      關羽／关羽  ―  Guān Yǔ  ―  Guan Yu (Chinese general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 關 (“to close (a door, gate, etc.)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 關, 閉
    Mandarin Taiwan 關
    Wanrong 關
    Xi'an 關
    Yinchuan 關
    Wuhan 關
    Malaysia 關
    Singapore 關
    Cantonese Guangzhou 閂
    Hong Kong 閂
    Taishan 閂
    Singapore (Guangfu) 閂
    Gan Nanchang 關
    Pingxiang 關
    Hakka Meixian 關
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 關
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 關
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 關
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 關
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 關
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 關
    Min Dong Fuzhou 關
    Min Nan Taipei 關
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 關
    Kaohsiung 關
    Yilan 關
    Changhua (Lukang) 關
    Taichung 關
    Tainan 關
    Hsinchu 關
    Kinmen 關
    Penghu (Magong) 關
    Penang (Hokkien) 崁
    Singapore (Hokkien) 關
    Shantou 關
    Singapore (Teochew) 關
    Singapore (Hainanese) 關
    • (to turn off):
      • (Cantonese, Hakka) 閂／闩
      • (Cantonese) 熄 (sik1)
      • (Singapore Hokkien, Penang Hokkien) 崁 (khàm)
    • (frontier pass): 關口／关口 (guānkǒu)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (關):
    • → Japanese: 関(かん) (kan)
    • → Korean: 관(關) (gwan)
    • → Vietnamese: quan (關)
  • → English: Guan, Kwan

    • Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 關 – see 彎 (“to bend; to make bent; to draw a bow; etc.”).
    (This character, 關, is the simplified form of 彎.)
    Notes:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		関

    Kyūjitai

    		關

    Kanji[edit]

    關

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 関)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 関

    Readings[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    關
    せき
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    關(せき) • (Seki) 

    1. a surname

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 關 (MC kwaen). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    關 (eumhun 빗장 관 (bitjang gwan))

    1. Hanja form? of 관 (“relation; barrier”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 彎 (MC 'waen).

    Hanja[edit]

    關 (eumhun 당길 완 (danggil wan))

    1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 彎 (“Hanja form? of 완 (“stretching a bow; to draw a bow”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    關: Hán Nôm readings: quan

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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