difficult
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English difficult (ca. 1400), a back-formation from difficulte (whence modern difficulty), from Old French difficulté, from Latin difficultas, from difficul, older form of difficilis (“hard to do, difficult”), from dis- + facilis (“easy”); see difficile. Replaced native Middle English earveþ (“difficult, hard”), from Old English earfoþe (“difficult, laborious, full of hardship”), cognate to German Arbeit (“work”).
The verb is from the adjective, partly after Middle French difficulter and its etymon Latin difficultō. Compare difficilitate, difficultate, and Italian difficoltare.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]difficult (comparative more difficult, superlative most difficult)
- Hard, not easy, requiring much effort.
- difficult of accomplishment (a somewhat dated way of saying "difficult to accomplish")
- However, the difficult weather conditions will ensure Yunnan has plenty of freshwater.
- 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 17, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:
- There is not the strength or courage left me to venture into the wide, strange, difficult world, alone.
- 2008, Daniel Goleman, Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama, →ISBN, page 199:
- In adults, the same kind of anger has been studied in people trying to solve a very difficult math problem. Though the tough math problem is very frustrating, there is an active attempt to solve the problem and meet the goal.
- 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
- Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. […] But as a foundation for analysis it is highly subjective: it rests on difficult decisions about what counts as a territory, what counts as output and how to value it. Indeed, economists are still tweaking it.
- (often of a person, or a horse, etc) Hard to manage, uncooperative, troublesome.
- Stop being difficult and eat your broccoli—you know it's good for you.
- (obsolete) Unable or unwilling.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
- “I hope, madam,” said Jones, “my charming Lady Bellaston will be as difficult to believe anything against one who is so sensible of the many obligations she hath conferred upon him.”
Usage notes
[edit]Difficult implies that considerable mental effort or physical skill is required, or that obstacles are to be overcome which call for sagacity and skill in the doer; as, a difficult task. Thus, “hard” is not always synonymous with difficult. Examples include a difficult operation in surgery and a difficult passage by an author (that is, a passage which is hard to understand).
Synonyms
[edit]- burdensome, cumbersome, hard
- see also Thesaurus:difficult
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]hard, not easy
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hard to manage (said of a person, horse, etc.)
Verb
[edit]difficult (third-person singular simple present difficults, present participle difficulting, simple past and past participle difficulted)
- (obsolete, transitive) To make difficult; to impede; to perplex.
- August 9 1678, William Temple, letter to Joseph Williamson
- their Excellencies having desisted from their pretensions , which had difficulted the peace
- August 9 1678, William Temple, letter to Joseph Williamson
Translations
[edit]make difficult; impede
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References
[edit]- ^ “difficult, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Further reading
[edit]- “difficult”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “difficult”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Back-formation from difficulte (“difficulty”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]difficult
Descendants
[edit]- English: difficult
- → Scots: diffiquilt, defeeckwalt, deffeckwalt
References
[edit]- “difficult, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
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