trom

See also: trộm

Afrikaans

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Dutch trom?”)

Noun

trom (plural tromme)

1. drum

Danish

Verb

trom

1. imperative of tromme

Dutch

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Dutch trommel?”)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

trom f or m (plural trommen, diminutive trommetje n)

1. drum

Synonyms

• drum
• trommel

Descendants

• Berbice Creole Dutch: trom

Anagrams

• mort

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰɾoːm/

Noun

trom f (genitive singular tramar, plural tremur)

1. edge (of a board)
2. edge (of a cliff)
3. margin (of a lake)
4. rim (of spectacles)

Inflection

f9	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	trom	tromin	tremur	tremurnar
accusative	trom	tromina	tremur	tremurnar
dative	trom	tromini	tromum	tromunum
genitive	tramar	tramarinnar	trama	tramanna

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɾˠoumˠ/, /t̪ˠɾˠɑumˠ/
• (Galway) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɾˠuːmˠ/
• (Mayo) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɾˠʊmˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɾˠɞmˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish trom (“heavy”), from Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd-.

Compare typologically Latvian smags.

Adjective

trom (genitive singular masculine trom, genitive singular feminine troime, plural troma, comparative troime)

1. heavy
2. sad, oppressive
3. severe, grave, serious
4. sultry (of weather)

Declension

Declension of trom

Positive	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	trom	throm	troma; throma2
vocative	throm		troma
genitive		troime	troma	trom
dative	trom; throm1	throm	troma; throma2
Comparative	níos troime
Superlative	is troime

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Antonyms

• éadrom

Derived terms

• antrom
• cothrom
• éadrom
• troime
• troimide
• tromacht
• tromaíocht
• tromas
• tromluí

Noun

trom m (genitive singular trom, nominative plural troma)

1. weight
   1. a weight; burden, oppression
   2. (abstract) weight
2. bulk, preponderance
3. importance
4. blame, censure

Declension

Declension of trom (fourth declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative trom troma vocative a throm a throma genitive trom troma dative trom troma forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an trom na troma genitive an trom na dtroma dative leis an trom don trom leis na troma

Etymology 2

From Old Irish trom (“elder-tree”).

Noun

trom m (genitive singular troim, nominative plural troim)

1. elder (tree, bush)

Declension

Declension of trom (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative trom troim vocative a throim a throma genitive troim trom dative trom troim forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an trom na troim genitive an troim na dtrom dative leis an trom don trom leis na troim

Derived terms

• tromán

Mutation

Mutated forms of trom

radical	lenition	eclipsis
trom	throm	dtrom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “trom”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle English

Noun

trom

1. alternative form of trome

Old Irish

FWOTD – 21 June 2023

Alternative forms

• tromm

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ɾom/

Adjective

trom

1. heavy (weight)
2. heavy, severe, grievous, difficult
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^d17

     coní árim-se peccad libsi uili, ꝉ ara·tart-sa fortacht dúibsi, arnap trom fuirib for n‑oínur

     so that I may not count sin with you all, or so that I may give aid to you lest it be heavy on you by yourselves

3. (by extension) sad, sorrowful
4. great, vast, powerful, mighty

Inflection

o/ā-stem

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	trom	trom	trom
vocative	truim* trom**
accusative	trom	truim
genitive	truim	truime	truim
dative	trom	truim	trom
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	truim	troma
vocative	tromu troma†
accusative	tromu troma†
genitive	trom
dative	tromaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

• étrum
• tromchride

Descendants

• Middle Irish: trom
  • Irish: trom
  • Manx: trome
  • Scottish Gaelic: trom
• ⇒ Middle Irish: tromaigid
  • Irish: tromaigh

Noun

trom n

1. weight, heaviness, burden
2. greater part, bulk
3. severity, distress, difficulty, sorrow
4. blame, censure

Inflection

Neuter o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	tromN	tromN	tromL, troma
vocative	tromN	tromN	tromL, troma
accusative	tromN	tromN	tromL, troma
genitive	truimL	trom	tromN
dative	tromL	tromaib	tromaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• tromda

Mutation

Mutation of trom

radical	lenition	nasalization
trom	throm	trom pronounced with /d̪-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 trom”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese trõo, from trõar, or alternatively from Latin tonus (“thunderclap; sound, tone”), probably through a Late Latin or Vulgar Latin form *tronus, influenced by *tronitus < tonitrus. Compare Galician trono, Spanish trueno, Catalan tro, Occitan tron. See also tom, a possible doublet.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾõ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾõ/

Noun

trom m (plural trons)

1. boom (loud, resonant sound)

   Synonym: ribombo

Further reading

• “trom”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “trom”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish trom, from Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ʰɾɔ̃ũm/, [t̪ʰɾɔ̝um]
• (South Argyll) IPA^(key): /t̪ʰɾom(ː)/

Adjective

trom (comparative truime)

1. heavy
2. hard, difficult
3. weighty, serious
4. depressed, melancholy
5. addicted

   Tha e trom air òl. / Tha e trom air an deoch. ― He's a heavy drinker.

   Tha mi trom air an tombaca. ― I'm a heavy smoker.

6. (typography) bold

   clò trom ― bold type

7. pregnant (with child)

Usage notes

• In connection with "love" can precede (and lenite) the noun:

  Ghabh e trom ghaol oirre. ― He fell madly in love with her.

Synonyms

• (pregnant): torrach

Antonyms

• aotrom

Derived terms

• trom-laighe

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trôm/

Adjective

trȍm (Cyrillic spelling тро̏м, definite trȍmī, comparative tromiji)

1. sluggish, slow

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		trom	troma	tromo
genitive		troma	trome	troma
dative		tromu	tromoj	tromu
accusative	inanimate animate	trom troma	tromu	tromo
vocative		trom	troma	tromo
locative		tromu	tromoj	tromu
instrumental		tromim	tromom	tromim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		tromi	trome	troma
genitive		tromih	tromih	tromih
dative		tromim(a)	tromim(a)	tromim(a)
accusative		trome	trome	troma
vocative		tromi	trome	troma
locative		tromim(a)	tromim(a)	tromim(a)
instrumental		tromim(a)	tromim(a)	tromim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		tromi	troma	tromo
genitive		tromog(a)	trome	tromog(a)
dative		tromom(u/e)	tromoj	tromom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	tromi tromog(a)	tromu	tromo
vocative		tromi	troma	tromo
locative		tromom(e/u)	tromoj	tromom(e/u)
instrumental		tromim	tromom	tromim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		tromi	trome	troma
genitive		tromih	tromih	tromih
dative		tromim(a)	tromim(a)	tromim(a)
accusative		trome	trome	troma
vocative		tromi	trome	troma
locative		tromim(a)	tromim(a)	tromim(a)
instrumental		tromim(a)	tromim(a)	tromim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		tromiji	tromija	tromije
genitive		tromijeg(a)	tromije	tromijeg(a)
dative		tromijem(u)	tromijoj	tromijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	tromiji tromijeg(a)	tromiju	tromije
vocative		tromiji	tromija	tromije
locative		tromijem(u)	tromijoj	tromijem(u)
instrumental		tromijim	tromijom	tromijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		tromiji	tromije	tromija
genitive		tromijih	tromijih	tromijih
dative		tromijim(a)	tromijim(a)	tromijim(a)
accusative		tromije	tromije	tromija
vocative		tromiji	tromije	tromija
locative		tromijim(a)	tromijim(a)	tromijim(a)
instrumental		tromijim(a)	tromijim(a)	tromijim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najtromiji	najtromija	najtromije
genitive		najtromijeg(a)	najtromije	najtromijeg(a)
dative		najtromijem(u)	najtromijoj	najtromijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najtromiji najtromijeg(a)	najtromiju	najtromije
vocative		najtromiji	najtromija	najtromije
locative		najtromijem(u)	najtromijoj	najtromijem(u)
instrumental		najtromijim	najtromijom	najtromijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najtromiji	najtromije	najtromija
genitive		najtromijih	najtromijih	najtromijih
dative		najtromijim(a)	najtromijim(a)	najtromijim(a)
accusative		najtromije	najtromije	najtromija
vocative		najtromiji	najtromije	najtromija
locative		najtromijim(a)	najtromijim(a)	najtromijim(a)
instrumental		najtromijim(a)	najtromijim(a)	najtromijim(a)

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trɔm/, [ˈtrɔm]
• Rhymes: -ɔm

Numeral

trom

1. dative of tri

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trɔm/
• Rhymes: -ɔm

Adjective

trom

1. feminine singular of trwm

Mutation

Mutated forms of trom

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
trom	drom	nhrom	throm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.