領

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See also: 领
領 U+9818, 領
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9818
← 頗
[U+9817] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 頙 →
[U+9819]
領 U+F9B4, 領
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B4
← 靈
[U+F9B3] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 例 →
[U+F9B5]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 領
Simplified 领
Traditional 領

Han character[edit]

領 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+5, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人戈一月金 (OIMBC), four-corner 81386, composition ⿰令頁)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1402, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43423
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1919, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4365, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9818

Chinese[edit]

trad. 領
simp. 领

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 領
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
令 *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜 *riːn, *reːŋ
零 *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿 *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命 *mreŋs
冷 *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉 *reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺 *reŋʔ
領 *reŋʔ
阾 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊 *reŋʔ
詅 *reŋs, *reːŋ
旍 *ʔsleŋ
舲 *reːŋ
齡 *reːŋ
囹 *reːŋ
鴒 *reːŋ
蛉 *reːŋ
鈴 *reːŋ
苓 *reːŋ
伶 *reːŋ
泠 *reːŋ
瓴 *reːŋ
拎 *reːŋ
刢 *reːŋ
玲 *reːŋ
聆 *reːŋ
竛 *reːŋ
軨 *reːŋ
笭 *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎 *reːŋ
閝 *reːŋ
鹷 *reːŋ
昤 *reːŋ
駖 *reːŋ
彾 *reːŋ
呤 *reːŋ
狑 *reːŋ
秢 *reːŋ
岭 *reːŋ
紷 *reːŋ
砱 *reːŋ
羚 *reːŋ
姈 *reːŋ
蕶 *reːŋ
澪 *reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reŋʔ): phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 頁.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) (STEDT, Schuessler 2007). Cognate with Tibetan མཇིང་པ (mjing pa, “neck”), Mizo ring (“neck”), Burmese လည် (lany, “neck”). Semantics: "neck, collar" > ("to take by the neck" > ) "to lead, to guide" (Schuessler 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ling5 - literary;
  • leng5 - vernacular.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • liāng - vernacular;
    • līng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • léng - literary;
    • niá - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 領
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 良郢切
    Baxter ljengX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/liᴇŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɛŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liæŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/liajŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/liɛŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭɛŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯ɛŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lǐng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ling5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 領
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lǐng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljengX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]eŋʔ/
    English neck

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 領
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8280
    Phonetic
    component         		令
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		領
    Old
    Chinese         		/*reŋʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    領

    1. † neck
    2. collar (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    3. main point
      要領／要领  ―  yàolǐng  ―  gist
    4. to lead; to guide
      領導／领导  ―  lǐngdǎo  ―  to guide
    5. to get; to receive
      領獎／领奖  ―  lǐngjiǎng  ―  to get a prize
    6. to understand
      領會／领会  ―  lǐnghuì  ―  to grasp
    7. Classifier for items such as clothes, mats and screens.
      一領衫／一领衫 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t niá saⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a shirt
    8. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 領子 (“collar (of a shirt)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 領子, 衣領
    Mandarin Taiwan 領子
    Harbin 領子
    Yantai (Muping) 領兒, 領子
    Jinan 領子
    Luoyang 領子
    Wanrong 領子, 領兒
    Xi'an 領
    Yinchuan 領子
    Xining 領子
    Ürümqi 領子
    Wuhan 領
    Chengdu 領子, 領, 衣領
    Guiyang 衣領
    Liuzhou 領子
    Xuzhou 領子
    Yangzhou 領子
    Nanjing 領子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 衫領, 領
    Hong Kong 衫領, 領
    Dongguan 衫領
    Gan Nanchang 領
    Lichuan 領
    Pingxiang 領子, 領褂子
    Hakka Meixian 衫領仔, 衫領
    Xingning 衫領哩
    Huidong (Daling) 衫領
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 衫領
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 衫領
    Changting 衫領
    Wuping 衫領
    Wuping (Pingyu) 衫領子
    Liancheng 風領
    Ninghua 衫領
    Yudu 領子
    Ruijin 衫領
    Shicheng 衫領
    Shangyou (Shexi) 衫領
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 領仔, 衫領仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 領仔, 衫領仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 領仔, 衫領仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 領, 衫領
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 領仔, 衫領仔, 衫領
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 領, 衫領
    Huizhou Jixi 衫領
    Jin Taiyuan 領子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 領頭, 脰領, 領
    Min Dong Fuzhou 領頭, 脰領, 領
    Min Nan Xiamen 衫領, 領
    Quanzhou 衫領, 領
    Zhangzhou 衫仔領, 頷仔領
    Taipei 領, 衫仔領 GT
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 頷領
    Kaohsiung 領
    Yilan 頷領
    Changhua (Lukang) 頷頸領
    Taichung 頷仔領
    Tainan 領, 頷領, 頷仔領
    Hsinchu 頷頸領
    Kinmen 領
    Penghu (Magong) 領
    Singapore (Hokkien) 衫領
    Manila (Hokkien) 衫領
    Shantou 頷領
    Jieyang 衫頷, 衫頷領
    Haikou 衫領, 領
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 衫領
    Wu Shanghai 領頭
    Shanghai (Chongming) 領頭
    Suzhou 領頭
    Danyang 領
    Hangzhou 領兒
    Ningbo 領頭
    Wenzhou 頭頸領, 領
    Xiang Loudi 衣領
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
    Dialectal synonyms of 件 (“(classifier for clothes)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 件
    Mandarin Beijing 件兒
    Taiwan 件
    Jinan 件
    Xi'an 件兒
    Wuhan 件
    Chengdu 件
    Yangzhou 件
    Hefei 件
    Cantonese Guangzhou 件
    Hong Kong 件
    Yangjiang 件
    Gan Nanchang 件
    Hakka Meixian 件
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 領
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 領
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 領
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 領
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 領
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 領
    Jin Taiyuan 件
    Min Bei Jian'ou 件
    Min Dong Fuzhou 件
    Min Nan Xiamen 領
    Quanzhou 領
    Zhangzhou 領
    Tainan 領
    Chaozhou 件
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 件
    Wu Suzhou 件
    Wenzhou 件
    Xiang Changsha 件
    Shuangfeng 隻
    Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for quilts)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 條, 床
    Mandarin Beijing 條, 床
    Taiwan 條
    Jinan 床
    Xi'an 條, 床
    Wuhan 床
    Chengdu 床
    Yangzhou 床
    Hefei 床
    Cantonese Guangzhou 張, 床
    Hong Kong 張, 床
    Yangjiang 番
    Nanning 番
    Gan Nanchang 床
    Hakka Meixian 番
    Jin Taiyuan 張, 條, 根
    Min Bei Jian'ou 床
    Min Dong Fuzhou 床
    Min Nan Xiamen 領, 床
    Quanzhou 領, 床
    Zhangzhou 領, 床
    Singapore (Hokkien) 領
    Manila (Hokkien) 領
    Chaozhou 領
    Shantou 領
    Wu Suzhou 條
    Wenzhou 條, 床
    Xiang Changsha 鋪, 床
    Shuangfeng 床
    Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for pants, trousers)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 條
    Mandarin Taiwan 條
    Jinan 條
    Xi'an 條
    Wuhan 條
    Guiyang 條
    Liuzhou 條
    Nanjing 條
    Cantonese Hong Kong 條
    Gan Pingxiang 條
    Hakka Yudu 條
    Huizhou Jixi 條
    Jin Taiyuan 條
    Xinzhou 條
    Min Nan Xiamen 條, 領
    Quanzhou 條, 領
    Zhangzhou 條, 領
    Tainan 領
    Manila (Hokkien) 領
    Haikou 條
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 條
    Wu Ningbo 條

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (領):
    • → Japanese: 領(りょう) (ryō)
    • → Korean: 영(領) (yeong), 령(領) (ryeong)
    • → Vietnamese: lĩnh (領)

    Others:

    • → Indonesian: nia (“collar”)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 領

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    領

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. jurisdiction
    2. dominion
    3. territory
    4. fief
    5. reign

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    領
    えり
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 領 – see the following entry.
    【襟えり】S
    [noun] a neckband; a collar; a lapel
    [noun] nape (back part of the neck)
    Alternative spelling
    衿
    (This term, 領, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    領
    りょう
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 領 (MC liᴇŋX).

    Noun[edit]

    領(りょう) • (ryō) 

    1. territory of a country

    Suffix[edit]

    領(りょう) • (-ryō) 

    1. of a territory, belonging to a country
      フランス領(りょう)ポリネシア
      Furansu-ryō Porineshia
      French Polynesia

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    領 (eumhun 거느릴 령 (geoneuril ryeong), South Korea 거느릴 영 (geoneuril yeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 령/영 (“leading; dominion; jurisdiction”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    領: Hán Nôm readings: lĩnh, lãnh, lảnh, lỉnh, lểnh, lễnh, lính

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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