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U+77E3, 矣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E3

[U+77E2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77E4]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 111, +2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+77E3

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɢlɯʔ) : phonetic (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic (arrow). (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𠤘
𢦕
𡗞

Pulleyblank (1995) tentatively suggests a connection to adverb (OC *lɯʔ, “already, perfective marker”), drawing a parallel with the 了₁ (perfective particle) and 了₂ (change of state modal particle) meanings of (le), but doubts that they are etymologically related, suggesting the connection may be purely semantic and for aspectual functions.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (35)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter hiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦɨX/
Li
Rong
/ɣiəX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ hiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*qəʔ/ (atonic)
English (final particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14950
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢlɯʔ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to (le) in Standard Mandarin.
  2. (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to (la) in Standard Mandarin.
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Reduced form of (--lah) or (liáu)? Compare Min Dong (lāu) and Hakka (lê; ê)”)

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) Sentence-final particle expressing completion, similar to (le) in Standard Mandarin.
    食飽食饱 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I've eaten already. / I am now full.
Synonyms
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Etymology 3

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trad.
simp. #

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. kanbun (Literary Chinese) sentence particle

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): (i)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 어조사 (eojosa ui))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, , hơi, hãy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.