矣

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矣 U+77E3, 矣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E3
← 矢
[U+77E2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矤 →
[U+77E4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

矣 (radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition ⿱厶矢)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 823, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+77E3

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (矣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唉 *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
埃 *qlɯː
欸 *qɯː, *qʰrɯːs
娭 *qɯː, *qʰlɯ
挨 *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
騃 *ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ
俟 *sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl
竢 *sɢrɯʔ
涘 *sɢrɯʔ
誒 *qʰlɯ
矣 *ɢlɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢlɯʔ): phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 矢 (“arrow”). 矢 (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 矣
alternative forms 𠤘
𢦕
𡗞

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于紀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɨX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiəX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qəʔ/ (atonic)
English (final particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
No. 14950
Phonetic
component 		矣
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		矣
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢlɯʔ/
Notes 說文以聲，金文從丩矢或爲矢聲

Definitions[edit]

矣

  1. (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
  2. (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to 啦 (la) in Standard Mandarin.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
Mandarin Beijing 了
Taiwan 了
Harbin 了
Muping 了
Jinan 了
Luoyang 了
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Yinchuan 了
Wuhan 了
Chengdu 了
Guiyang 了
Guilin 了
Liuzhou 了
Xuzhou 了
Yangzhou 了
Nanjing 了
Malaysia 了
Singapore 了
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Macau 咗, 敲
Panyu 咗
Huadu (Huashan) 咗
Conghua 咗
Foshan 咗
Sanshui 咗
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 咗
Taishan 啊
Dongguan 敲
Bao'an (Shajing) 好
Nanning 嗮
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Gan Nanchang 了
Lichuan 了
Hakka Meixian 了
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 抛
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
Yudu 了
Kuching (Hepo) 了
Huizhou Jixi 了
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
Min Bei Jian'ou 了
Min Nan Penang (Hokkien) 了
Singapore (Hokkien) 了
Manila (Hokkien) 咯
Chaozhou 了
Shantou 了
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
Chongming 仔
Suzhou 仔
Hangzhou 得, 了
Ningbo 仔
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 矣
alternative forms 啊

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

矣

  1. (Hokkien, Yunlin Hakka) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
    我食飽矣 / 我食饱矣 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I have eaten. / I am now full.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
Mandarin Beijing 了
Taiwan 了
Harbin 了
Muping 了
Jinan 了
Luoyang 了
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Yinchuan 了
Wuhan 了
Chengdu 了
Guiyang 了
Guilin 了
Liuzhou 了
Xuzhou 了
Yangzhou 了
Nanjing 了
Malaysia 了
Singapore 了
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Macau 咗, 敲
Panyu 咗
Huadu (Huashan) 咗
Conghua 咗
Foshan 咗
Sanshui 咗
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 咗
Taishan 啊
Dongguan 敲
Bao'an (Shajing) 好
Nanning 嗮
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Gan Nanchang 了
Lichuan 了
Hakka Meixian 了
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 抛
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
Yudu 了
Kuching (Hepo) 了
Huizhou Jixi 了
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
Min Bei Jian'ou 了
Min Nan Penang (Hokkien) 了
Singapore (Hokkien) 了
Manila (Hokkien) 咯
Chaozhou 了
Shantou 了
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
Chongming 仔
Suzhou 仔
Hangzhou 得, 了
Ningbo 仔
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了

Etymology 3[edit]

simp. and trad.
 矣

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

矣

  1. † Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

矣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. sentence particle

Readings[edit]

  • On (unclassified): い (i)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

矣 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)

  1. particle of completed action

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

矣: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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