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See also: and
U+5DF2, 已
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF2

[U+5DF1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5DF3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 49, +0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU) or 難尸山 (XSU), four-corner 17717, composition )

Usage notes

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This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated or .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8743
  • Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 984, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5DF2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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May have originally been the same character as , a pictogram (象形) of either a snake or a fetus. This character cannot be found in the Shuowen Jiezi.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (36) (36)
Final () (19) (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter yiX yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jɨX/ /jɨH/
Pan
Wuyun
/jɨX/ /jɨH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ieX/ /ieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jɨX/ /jɨH/
Li
Rong
/iəX/ /iəH/
Wang
Li
/jĭəX/ /jĭəH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/iX/ /iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji5 ji6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ yiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɢ(r)əʔ/
English cease; already

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14924
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*lɯʔ/
Notes

Etymology 1

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Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). The “already” sense is lexicalized from the verb “to finish; to complete”, and gradually became more common than (OC *kɯds), the older word for “already”, in the mid- to late first millennium BCE (Pulleyblank, 1995).

Definitions

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  1. to stop; to finish
  2. already; have done something

Synonyms

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Etymology 2

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Possibly a fusion of (OC *laːlʔ) and (OC *ɢlɯʔ), explaining why the latter is never found after the former (Pulleyblank, 1995).

Definitions

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  1. (Classical) Used after predicates, especially noun predicates, to express a new realization by the speaker. Compare (), which is used similarly but only after verbs. Sometimes expanded to 也已 or 也已矣, which are synonymous.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (i)
  • Kan-on: (i)
  • Kun: すでに (sudeni, 已に)やむ (yamu, 已む)のみ (nomi, )
  • Nanori: (mi)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC yiX|yiH).

Affix

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() (i

  1. already
  2. Alternative form of (i)

Derived terms

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May be replaced with 以 in some compounds, e.g. 已降→以降.

Korean

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Hanja

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(i) (hangeul , revised i, McCune–Reischauer i)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: , dãi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.