業
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
業 (radical 75 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿金廿木 (TCTD), four-corner 32904, composition ⿱业𦍎)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 541, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15170
- Dae Jaweon: page 928, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1247, character 7
- Unihan data for U+696D
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 業 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 业 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 業
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|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (業) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 礏 | *ŋoːb |
| 業 | *ŋab |
| 鄴 | *ŋab |
| 驜 | *ŋab |
| 嶪 | *ŋab |
| 鸈 | *ŋab |
| 澲 | *ŋab |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 丵 + 巾.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jip6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngia̍p
- Min Dong (BUC): ngiĕk
- Min Nan (POJ): gia̍p
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
- Wade-Giles: yeh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
- IPA (key): /i̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
-
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyie2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nie
- IPA (key): /nʲiɛ²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jip6
- Yale: yihp
- Cantonese Pinyin: jip9
- Guangdong Romanization: yib6
- IPA (key): /jiːp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiab
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiab6
- IPA: /ɲi̯ap̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiĕk
- IPA (key): /ŋieʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
- IPA (key): /n̠ʲi̯ɪʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 業 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /iə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /niɛ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ȵi⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ie¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ȵiə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ie²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ȵie³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /nie²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /niɛ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ieʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /iɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /ȵiʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /iaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵiəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ne²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵia¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵie²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ȵie²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiap̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiɑp̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jip̚²/ |
| Nanning | /nip̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jip̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /giap̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋieʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋiɛ⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ŋiap̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ŋiap̚⁵/ /ŋiap̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 業 (147) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚怯切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋɨap̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiap̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋi̯ɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yè |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 業 | 業 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yè | yè | yè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjæp › | ‹ ngjæp › | ‹ ngjæp › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/ | /*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/ | /*[ŋ](r)[a]p/ |
| English | work (n.) | horizontal board of a bell stand or frame | strong, sturdy |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14819 |
| Phonetic component |
業 |
| Rime group |
盍 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
業 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋab/ |
Definitions[edit]
業
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 業
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
業
Readings[edit]
- Goon: ごう (gō)
- Kan’on: ぎょう (gyō)
- Kun: な-る (業-る, na-ru), なり (nari), わざ (waza)
- Nanori: なり (nari), のぶ (nobu)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds containing 業
- 業因 (ごういん, gōin), 業縁 (ごうえん, gōen): (Buddhism) one's actions in life that affect one's karma
- 業果 (ごうか, gōka): (Buddhism) the results of one's karma
- 業火 (ごうか, gōka): hellfire
- 業海 (ごうかい, gōkai): a metaphor for the world as a sea of sin
- 業界 (ぎょうかい, gyōkai): industry, sector
- 業界誌, 業界紙 (ぎょうかい, gyōkai): an industry magazine, a trade paper, a business journal
- 業感 (ごうかん, gōkan): (Buddhism) the joys and sorrows experienced as the results of one's karma
- 業感縁起 (ごうかんえんぎ, gōkan engi): (Buddhism) a doctrine in Hinayana Buddhism
- 業鬼 (ごうき, gōki): (Buddhism) a demon invited or created by sin
- 業々 (ぎょうぎょう, gyōgyō): fearfully; splendidly
- 業苦 (ごうく, gōku): (Buddhism) karmic suffering: suffering experienced in this life due to the sins committed in a previous life
- 業垢 (ごうく, gōku): (Buddhism) evil acts born of sin
- 業根 (ごうこん, gōkon): the root of sin, the ignorance and worldly desires that give rise to sin
- 業作 (ぎょうさ, gyōsa): doing work
- 業曝, 業晒 (ごうさらし, gōsarashi): enduring shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life; a no-good
- 業師 (わざし, wazashi): a master of various techniques in sumo; a schemer; a shrewd person
- 業識 (ごうしき, gōshiki; ごっしき, gosshiki): (Buddhism) a consciousness born out of sin, or moved by ignorance
- 業者 (ぎょうしゃ, gyōsha): a trader, a businessman/businesswoman, a dealer
- 業主 (ぎょうしゅ, gyōshu): a business owner
- 業種 (ぎょうしゅ, gyōshu): a business type or category
- 業所 (なりところ, naritokoro): a field to farm and a farmhouse; a second home, a vacation home
- 業障 (ぎょうしょう, gyōshō, ごっしょう, gosshō): (Buddhism) one of the three obstacles, born of sins in a past life
- 業人 (ごうにん, gōnin): a person suffering in this life for the sins committed in a previous life; a sinner; a no-good
- 業人 (わざびと, wazabito): a person with excellent technique
- 業績 (ぎょうせき, gyōseki): earnings; achievements; results
- 業前 (わざまえ, wazamae): skill, ability
- 業体 (ぎょうてい, gyōtei; ぎょうたい, gyōtai): occupation, profession; a deed, an act; appearance
- 業態 (ぎょうたい, gyōtai): business category, business format; business conditions
- 業恥 (ごうはじ, gōhaji): extreme dishonor, severe humiliation
- 業通 (ごうつう, gōtsū): (Buddhism) supernatural powers or abilities earned karmically through good deeds in past lives
- 業突く張り (ごうつくばり, gōtsukubari): bigoted; obstinate, stubborn
- 業病 (ごうびょう, gōbyō): disease suffered as a result of sins committed in a previous life; an intractable or incurable disease
- 業風 (ごうふう, gōfū): the powerful winds of sin that blow in hell
- 業腹 (ごうはら, gōhara): resentment, resentful
- 業物 (わざもの, wazamono), 業良し (わざよし, wazayoshi): a sword or other blade made by a master craftsman
- 業平 (なりひら, narihira): a lady's man; a lech
- 業平竹 (なりひらだけ, narihira take): a type of bamboo (Semiarundinaria fastuosa)
- 業並み (わざなみ, wazanami): skill, ability
- 業報 (ごうほう, gōhō; ごっぽう, goppō): retribution for past sins; the results of one's karma
- 業報人 (ごうほうにん, gōhōnin; ごっぽうにん, goppōnin): a person suffering retribution for past sins
- 業魔 (ごうま, gōma): (Buddhism) the metaphorical demon of one's own sins, obstructing the way to nirvana
- 業務 (ぎょうむ, gyōmu): business, business affairs, work duties
- 業務管理 (ぎょうむかんり, gyōmu kanri): business management, operational control
- 業務権 (ぎょうむけん, gyōmuken): business right
- 業務執行 (ぎょうむしっこう, gyōmu shikkō): the carrying out of business, business operations
- 業務執行者 (ぎょうむしっこうしゃ, gyōmu shikkōsha): operating officer
- 業務執行社員 (ぎょうむしっこうしゃいん, gyōmu shikkō shain): managing partner, executive member
- 業務上の秘密 (ぎょうむじょうのひみつ, gyōmujō no himitsu): a trade secret
- 業務上の事故 (ぎょうむじょうのじこ, gyōmujō no jiko): an on-the-job accident
- 業務上横領 (ぎょうむじょうおうりょう, gyōmujō ōryō): embezzlement
- 業務上過失 (ぎょうむじょうかしつ, gyōmujō kashitsu): professional negligence
- 業務妨害 (ぎょうむぼうがい, gyōmu bōgai), 業務執行妨害 (ぎょうむしっこうぼうがい, gyōmu shikkō bōgai): interference in the execution of one's duty, obstruction of business
- 業厄 (ごうやく, gōyaku): a disaster or misfortune suffered as retribution for past sins
- 業余 (ぎょうよ, gyōyo): work on the side
- 業力 (ごうりき, gōriki): (Buddhism) the power of karma to bring about reward or retribution
- 業歴 (ぎょうれき, gyōreki): a business calendar
- 業惑 (ごうわく, gōwaku): sin and worldly desires; retribution for sin and worldly desires
- 商業 (しょうぎょう, shōgyō): commerce, trade, business
- 工業 (こうぎょう, kōgyō): industry, manufacturing
- 企業 (きぎょう, kigyō): company, corporation, enterprise
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
業 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji gyō, historical hiragana げふ)
- work, task, business: the job at hand
- profession, business, trade: what one does to earn a living
- studies, scholarship (the act of being a scholar), the arts
- 医科の業に着手する
- ika no gyō ni chakushu suru
- set to studying medicine, start one's medical studies
- 医科の業に着手する
Proverbs[edit]
- 業は勤むるに精しく嬉しむに荒む (gyō wa tsuttomuru ni kuwashiku tanoshimu ni susamu): study hard and become wise, slack off and stay dumb
- 業は道に依って賢し (gyō wa michi ni yotte kashikoshi): the ones doing it are the experts
- 業を創め、統を垂る (gyō o hajime, tō o taru): a man of virtue builds up his skills, and then passes them on to those who come after
Etymology 2[edit]
From Sinitic 業. Translation from the Sanskrit term कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”).
Noun[edit]
業 (hiragana ごう, rōmaji gō, historical hiragana がふ, ごふ)
Idioms[edit]
- 業が深い (gō ga fukai): to be deeply sinful
- 業が煮える (gō ga nieru), 業が煎れる (gō ga ireru), 業が湧く (gō ga waku): to be irritated, to be annoyed, to get angry
- 業を煮やす (gō o niyasu), 業を沸かす (gō o wakasu): to lose one's temper, to fly off the handle
- 業に沈む (gō ni shizumu): to sink into sin and despair
- 業の風 (gō no kaze): the powerful winds of sin that blow in hell
- 業の秤 (gō no hakari): a mythological scale that weighs the sins of the dead
- 業を曝す (gō o sarasu): to endure shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life
Proverbs[edit]
- 業によりて果を引く (gō ni yorite ka o hiku): you reap what you sow, what goes around comes around
Etymology 3[edit]
Stem noun form of verb 業る (naru, “to earn a living”). Ultimately of same origin as verb なる.
Noun[edit]
- a living, a job, what one does to earn a living
Etymology 4[edit]
From Old Japanese waza.
Noun[edit]
- a work of great significance or intent
- an intentional act or action
- (Buddhism) a Buddhist memorial service
- one's job, occupation, profession
- a matter or affair: implies a complication or problemよ
- 容易な業ではありませんよ。
- Yōi na waza de wa arimasen yo.
- It's no easy matter, I tell you.
- 容易な業ではありませんよ。
- a technique, a means of doing something
- 業を磨く
- waza o migaku
- polish one's technique
- 業を磨く
- a move or technique in sumo, judo, kendo, or other competitive activity
- a disaster, misfortune, calamity
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
- (intentional act): 態と (waza to): intentionally, deliberately
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
業 • (eop) (hangeul 업, revised eop, McCune-Reischauer ŏp, Yale ep)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
業 (nghiệp)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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