일

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일 U+C77C, 일
HANGUL SYLLABLE IL
Composition:ㅇ + ㅣ + ㄹ
Dubeolsik input:d-l-f
← 읻
[U+C77B] 		Hangul Syllables 읽 →
[U+C77D]
이익읶읷인읹읺
읻일읽읾읿잀잁
잂잃임입잆잇있
잉잊잋잌잍잎잏
의 ←→ 자

Jeju[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

일 (il)

  1. work, job
  2. business
  3. matter, affair, concern

Etymology 2[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 一.

Numeral[edit]

일 (il)

  1. one
    Synonym: ᄒᆞ나

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 일〯 (Yale: ǐl), related to 일〯다〮 (ǐl-tá, “to occur, to arise”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)ɭ]
  • Phonetic hangeul: [일(ː)]
    • Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, the great majority of speakers (in both Koreas) no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?il
Revised Romanization (translit.)?il
McCune–Reischauer?il
Yale Romanization?īl
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 일의 / 일에 / 일까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

Noun[edit]

일 • (il)

  1. work (activity done for compensation or reward)
    회사에서 혹시 어떤 일 하세요?
    Hoesa-eseo hoksi eotteon il haseyo?
    Excuse me, what work do you do in the company?
  2. a fact, an event, a situation (any kind of occurrence)
    이런 일이 있을 줄은 몰랐다.
    Ireon iri isseul jureun mollatda.
    I didn't know something like this would happen.
    옛날 일을 생각하니 슬프다.
    Yennal ireul saenggakhani seulpeuda.
    It's sad to think about my old circumstances.
    무슨 일이야?
    Museun iriya?
    What's the matter?
  3. deed (any human activity)
    착한 일을 해야지.
    Chakhan ireul haeyaji.
    You need to do good things.
  4. (euphemistic) urination, defecation, sexual intercourse
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 一 (“one”), from the Middle Korean reading 일〮 (Yale: íl), from Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

Pronunciation[edit]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?il
Revised Romanization (translit.)?il
McCune–Reischauer?il
Yale Romanization?il
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 일의 / 일에 / 일까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable.

Numeral[edit]

Korean numbers (edit)
10
[a], [b], [c] ←  0 1 2  → 
    Native: 하나 (hana), 한 (han)
    Sino-Korean: 일 (il)
    Hanja: 一
    Ordinal: 첫째 (cheotjjae)
    Number of days: 하루 (haru)

일 • (il) (hanja 一)

  1. (Sino-Korean numeral) one
    Synonyms: 한 (han, “one”, native determiner numeral), 하나 (hana, “one”, native nominal numeral)
Usage note[edit]

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
  • 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나만 더 주세요 (hanaman deo juseyo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
  • 일 더하기 일은? (Il deohagi ireun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 日 (“sun; day”), from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵᆯ〮 (Yale: zíl), from Middle Chinese 日 (MC ȵiɪt̚).

Pronunciation[edit]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?il
Revised Romanization (translit.)?il
McCune–Reischauer?il
Yale Romanization?il

Noun[edit]

일 • (il) (hanja 日)

  1. day (twenty-four hours, a thirtieth of the month)
    3일 동안 여행하다
    samil dong-an yeohaenghada
    to travel for three days
  2. Short for 일요일(日曜日) (iryoil, “Sunday”).

Proper noun[edit]

일 • (Il) (hanja 日)

  1. Short for 일본(日本) (Ilbon, “Japan”).

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable[edit]

일 (il)

Extended content
  1. 一: one
    (eumhun reading: 하나 일 (hana il))
    (MC reading: 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚))
  2. 日: day
    (eumhun reading: 날 일 (nal il))
    (MC reading: 日 (MC ȵiɪt̚))
  3. 逸:
    (MC reading: 逸 (MC jiɪt̚))
  4. 溢:
    (MC reading: 溢 (MC jiɪt̚))
  5. 鎰:
    (MC reading: 鎰 (MC jiɪt̚))
  6. 馹:
    (MC reading: 馹 (MC ȵiɪt̚))
  7. 佾:
    (MC reading: 佾 (MC jiɪt̚))
  8. 佚:
    (MC reading: 佚 (MC jiɪt̚))
  9. 壹:
    (MC reading: 壹 (MC ʔiɪt̚))
  10. 劮:
    (MC reading: 劮 (MC jiɪt̚))
  11. 泆:
    (MC reading: 泆 (MC jiɪt̚))
  12. 軼:
    (MC reading: 軼 (MC jiɪt̚))
  13. 𨓜: Alternative form of 逸
  14. 失:
    (MC reading: 失 (MC ɕiɪt̚))
  15. 昳:
    (MC reading: 昳 (MC -))
  16. 昵:
    (MC reading: 昵 (MC ɳˠiɪt̚))
  17. 暱:
    (MC reading: 暱 (MC ɳˠiɪt̚))
  18. 欥:
    (MC reading: 欥 (MC jiɪt̚))
  19. 浂:
    (MC reading: 浂)
  20. 燚:
    (MC reading: 燚)
  21. 臸:
    (MC reading: 臸 (MC ȵiɪt̚))
  22. 䘌:
    (MC reading: 䘌 (MC ɳˠiɪt̚))
  23. 衵:
    (MC reading: 衵 (MC ȵiɪt̚, ɳˠiɪt̚))
  24. 辷:
  25. 迭:
    (MC reading: 迭 (MC -))
  26. 釰:
    (MC reading: 釰)
  27. 鈤:
    (MC reading: 鈤)
  28. 䭿:
    (MC reading: 䭿 (MC jiɪt̚))
  29. 鴩:
    (MC reading: 鴩)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Samuel Elmo Martin (2000) Consonant Lenition in Korean and the Macro-Altaic Question, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN

Middle Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

일〯 (ǐl) (locative 이〯레〮 (ǐl-éy))

  1. work, job
Descendants[edit]
  • Korean: 일 (il)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

일〮 (íl)

  1. one
    Synonym: ᄒᆞ낳〮 (hònáh)
Descendants[edit]
  • Korean: 일 (il)
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