失

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See also: 先, 矢, and 夫
失 U+5931, 失
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5931
← 夰
[U+5930] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夲 →
[U+5932]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character[edit]

失 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人 (HQO), four-corner 25030, composition ⿰丿夫 or ⿻𠂉大)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5931

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 失

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 失
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (失) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
眣 *ʔr'aːd, *l'iːɡ, *l̥ʰiɡ
蛈 *l̥ʰiːɡ
迭 *l'iːɡ
跌 *l'iːɡ
瓞 *l'iːɡ
昳 *l'iːɡ
胅 *l'iːɡ
軼 *l'iːɡ, *liɡ
苵 *l'iːɡ
镻 *l'iːɡ
詄 *l'iːɡ
泆 *l'iːɡ, *liɡ
趃 *l'iːɡ
柣 *sl̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iɡ
抶 *l̥ʰiɡ
秩 *l'iɡ
帙 *l'iɡ
紩 *l'iɡ
袠 *l'iɡ
翐 *l'iɡ
妷 *l'iɡ
失 *hliɡ
佚 *liɡ
劮 *liɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 手 + 丿 – something (丿) falling from a hand (手).

Alternatively, a pictogram (象形) depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 佚 (OC *liɡ, “to escape; to lose”), 逸 (OC *lid, “to escape; at ease”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Cogtse Situ [Term?] (ka-ʃlə̂k, “to fall (from hand)”), Japhug ɕlɯɣ (“to fall; to slip”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Note also Thai เล็ดลอด (lét-lɔ̂ɔt, “to sneak; to escape by stealth”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • she6 - vernacular;
  • shr6 - literary.
Rime
Character 失
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 眞 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式質切
Baxter syit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕit̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 失
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥i[t]/
English lose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 失
Reading # 1/1
No. 11426
Phonetic
component 		失
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		失
Old
Chinese 		/*hliɡ/

Definitions[edit]

失

  1. to lose; to lose track of; to mislay
  2. to fail; to not succeed
  3. to breach; to violate
  4. to neglect; to miss
  5. mistake; fault; wrongdoing
  6. 75th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "failure" (𝍐)

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

失

  1. Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “to flee; to run away”)
  2. Alternative form of 佚 (“to ignore; indulgent”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

失

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mistake, disadvantage
  2. loss, lose

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

失 (eumhun 잃을 실 (ireul sil))

  1. Hanja form? of 실 (“loss”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

失: Hán Nôm readings: thất, thắt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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