失敗

See also: 失败

Chinese

		to lose; to miss; to fail	be defeated; to defeat; loss
trad. (失敗)		失	敗
simp. (失败)		失	败

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shībài

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄅㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹ baai⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳt-phai

(Hailu, HRS): shid pai^˖
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁶ bai⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sit-pāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): sig⁴ bai⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shībài
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄅㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shihbài
  - Wade–Giles: shih¹-pai⁴
  - Yale: shr̄-bài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shybay
  - Palladius: шибай (šibaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɻ̩⁵⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sat¹ baai⁶
  - Yale: sāt baaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ baai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ bai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ paːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt-phai
  - Hakka Romanization System: siid^ˋ pai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁵ pai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚² pʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shid pai^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃit⁵⁻² pʰai³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁶ bai⁵ [Phonetic: sih⁴ bai⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sih-bāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ²¹⁻⁴² pai¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁶ bai⁵ [Phonetic: sih⁷ bai⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ²⁻⁴ pai²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-pāi
  - Tâi-lô: sit-pāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sitpai
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ pai²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ pai⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ pai³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ pai²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ pai²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sig⁴ bai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sik pāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sik̚²⁻⁴ pai¹¹/

Verb

失敗

(intransitive) to be defeated
(intransitive) to fail; to come to nothing; to fall through
他們的計劃註定要失敗。 [MSC, trad.]
他们的计划注定要失败。 [MSC, simp.]
Tāmen de jìhuà zhùdìng yào shībài. [Pinyin]
Their plan is doomed to fail.

Synonyms

(to be defeated):

edit

打敗 / 打败 (dǎbài)
拍輸 / 拍输 (Hokkien)
敗北 / 败北 (bàiběi)
敗軍 / 败军 (bàijūn) (literary)
落敗 / 落败 (luòbài)

(to fail):

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失利 (shīlì)
挫折 (cuòzhé)
摧折 (cuīzhé)
未成功 (wèi chénggōng)
砸 (zá) (colloquial)
破產 / 破产 (pòchǎn)
跌倒 (diēdǎo)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to be defeated”): 勝利／胜利 (shènglì)
(antonym(s) of “to fail”): 成功 (chénggōng)

Noun

失敗

failure; defeat
以失敗告終／以失败告终 ― yǐ shībài gàozhōng ― to end in failure

最初政府不願承認失敗。 [MSC, trad.]
最初政府不愿承认失败。 [MSC, simp.]
Zuìchū zhèngfǔ bùyuàn chéngrèn shībài. [Pinyin]
Initially the government was unwilling to acknowledge the defeat.

Adjective

失敗

failed; unsuccessful
她是最偉大的女性，最失敗的妻子。 [MSC, trad.]
她是最伟大的女性，最失败的妻子。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā shì zuì wěidà de nǚxìng, zuì shībài de qīzi. [Pinyin]
She is the greatest woman but the worst wife.

我真失敗。／我真失败。 ― Wǒ zhēn shībài. ― I am such a failure.
(attributive) failed (of a state)

Derived terms

失敗國家 / 失败国家 (shībài guójiā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (失敗):

→ Japanese: 失敗(しっぱい) (shippai)
→ Korean: 실패(失敗) (silpae)
→ Vietnamese: thất bại (失敗)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
失	敗
しつ > しっ Grade: 4	はい > ぱい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕi̥p̚pa̠i]
(Tokyo) しっぱい [shìppáí] (Heiban – [0])

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 失敗する

Plain	失敗する	しっぱい・する	`[shìppáí sùrú]`
Conjunctive	失敗して	しっぱい・して	`[shìppáí shìté]`
Perfective	失敗した	しっぱい・した	`[shìppáí shìtá]`
Negative	失敗しない	しっぱい・しない	`[shìppáí shìnáí]`
Negative perfective	失敗しなかった	しっぱい・しなかった	`[shìppáí shìnáꜜkàttà]`
Hypothetical conditional	失敗すれば	しっぱい・すれば	`[shìppáí sùréꜜbà]`
Past conditional	失敗したら	しっぱい・したら	`[shìppáí shìtáꜜrà]`
Imperative	失敗しろ失敗せよ	しっぱい・しろしっぱい・せよ	`[shìppáí shìró]` `[shìppáí séꜜyò]`
Volitional	失敗しよう	しっぱい・しよー	`[shìppáí shìyóꜜò]`
Desiderative	失敗したい	しっぱい・したい	`[shìppáí shìtáí]`
Formal	失敗します	しっぱい・します	`[shìppáí shìmáꜜsù]`
Formal negative	失敗しません	しっぱい・しません	`[shìppáí shìmáséꜜǹ]`
Formal volitional	失敗しましょう	しっぱい・しましょー	`[shìppáí shìmáshóꜜò]`
Formal perfective	失敗しました	しっぱい・しました	`[shìppáí shìmáꜜshìtà]`
Continuative	失敗し失敗しに	しっぱい・ししっぱい・しに	`[shìppáí shì]` `[shìppáí shì ní]`
Negative continuative	失敗せず失敗せずに	しっぱい・せずしっぱい・せずに	`[shìppáí séꜜzù]` `[shìppáí séꜜzù nì]`
Passive	失敗される	しっぱい・される	`[shìppáí sàrérú]`
Causative	失敗させる失敗さす	しっぱい・させるしっぱい・さす	`[shìppáí sàsérú]` `[shìppáí sàsú]`
Potential	失敗できる	しっぱい・できる	`[shìppáí dèkíꜜrù]`

Noun

失(しっ)敗(ぱい) • (shippai)

failure, miscarriage
mistake, fault, error

Synonyms

(mistake): 錯誤(さくご) (sakugo)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “failure”): 成功(せいこう) (seikō)

Verb

失(しっ)敗(ぱい)する • (shippai suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 失(しっ)敗(ぱい)し (shippai shi), past 失(しっ)敗(ぱい)した (shippai shita))

fail
make a mistake

Conjugation

Conjugation of "失敗する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	失敗し	しっぱいし	shippai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	失敗し	しっぱいし	shippai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	失敗する	しっぱいする	shippai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	失敗する	しっぱいする	shippai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	失敗すれ	しっぱいすれ	shippai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	失敗せよ¹ 失敗しろ²	しっぱいせよ¹ しっぱいしろ²	shippai seyo¹ shippai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	失敗される	しっぱいされる	shippai sareru
Causative	失敗させる失敗さす	しっぱいさせるしっぱいさす	shippai saseru shippai sasu
Potential	失敗できる	しっぱいできる	shippai dekiru
Volitional	失敗しよう	しっぱいしよう	shippai shiyō
Negative	失敗しない	しっぱいしない	shippai shinai
Negative continuative	失敗せず	しっぱいせず	shippai sezu
Formal	失敗します	しっぱいします	shippai shimasu
Perfective	失敗した	しっぱいした	shippai shita
Conjunctive	失敗して	しっぱいして	shippai shite
Hypothetical conditional	失敗すれば	しっぱいすれば	shippai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

しくじる (shikujiru)

References

“失敗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
失	敗

Noun

失敗 • (silpae) (hangeul 실패)

hanja form^? of 실패 (“failure”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
失	敗

Verb

失敗

chữ Hán form of thất bại (“to fail”)