未
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
未 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), four-corner 50900, composition ⿻一木)
Derived characters[edit]
- 朱, 耒, 来, 佅, 味, 妹, 怽, 抺, 沬, 昧, 㭑, 𪸙, 祙, 𤽜, 眛, 𥞊, 𧙕, 跊, 魅, 鮇 (𱇛), 䵢
- 𣭐, 䙿, 𣚺, 㖝, 𣠖, 𣠕, 苿, 𠃥, 𠩺, 㲠, 㹈, 寐, 𥧌, 膥
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 509, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14419
- Dae Jaweon: page 890, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1150, character 1
- Unihan data for U+672A
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
未 | |
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Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 未 | |||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形) – a tree with two layers of branches, or a tree's top branches not yet at full growth, signifying not grown (yet)
Etymology[edit]
- "not yet"
- Pulleyblank (1995), apud Schuessler (2007), proposes that this word results from a fusion of negative root *m- with perfective particle 既 (jì, “already”).
- "eighth earthly branch"
- Smith (2011) proposes that 未 (OC *mɯds) denoted the waxing moon's "impending stage" before full moon. 未 (OC *mɯds)'s early sense might be "tip" > "on the tipping point" if it could be connected to 末 (OC *maːd, “tip”), which is similar graphically and phonologically; though what morphological mechanism which can associate them two is unclear.
- As for its association with the goat, Ferlus (2013) notes there is good correspondence with Austronesian Atayal miːts (“lamb”); also compare Lao ມົດ (mot, “year of the lamb”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
未
- to have not; not yet
- not
- † Alternative form of 味 (wèi).
- (Cantonese, Min) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet
- eighth of twelve earthly branches
- lamb (羊) of Chinese zodiac
Synonyms[edit]
- (not yet): 還沒／还没 (háiméi), 仍未 (réngwèi); (literary) 尚未 (shàngwèi); (Cantonese) 仲未, 並未／并未 (bìngwèi); (Hakka) 吂曾, 吂識／吂识; (Min Nan) 猶未／犹未; (Wu) 朆
- (not):
Coordinate terms[edit]
- (earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 未
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Vietnamese: Mùi
Further reading[edit]
- “Entry #1663”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
未
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 未開 (mikai, “uncivilized”)
- 未完 (mikan, “unfinished”)
- 未婚 (mikon, “unmarried”)
- 未熟 (mijuku, “immature; inexperienced”)
- 未遂 (misui, “attempt”, at a crime)
- 未成年 (miseinen, “minor”)
- 未然 (mizen, “previously”)
- 未然形 (mizenkei, “imperfective form”)
- 未曾有 (mizōu), 未曾有 (mizou, “unprecedented”)
- 未知 (michi, “unknown”)
- 未知数 (michisū, “unknown, variable”, in mathematics)
- 未定 (mitei, “undecided”)
- 未踏 (mitō, “unexplored”)
- 未納 (minō, “payment default”)
- 未必の故意 (mihitsu no koi, “willful negligence”)
- 未亡人 (mibōjin, “widow”)
- 未満 (miman, “insufficient”)
- 未来 (mirai, “future”)
- 未了 (miryō, “unfinished”)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 未 |
| ひつじ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 未 |
| み Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 未 (mjɨjH).
Prefix[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 未 (MC mʉiH).
| Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (in 미안 (未安, mian)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mi]
- Phonetic hangul: [미]
- (not; un-; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mi(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [미(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese terms spelled with 未 read as ひつじ
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