未

See also: 末, 禾, and 耒

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – the tip of a tree (木), still immature. Contrast 末.

Han character

未 (radical 75 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), four-corner 5090₀)

Antonyms

• 末

Derived characters

• 味 妹 昧 魅

Related characters

• 木 末

References

• KangXi: page 509, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14419
• Dae Jaweon: page 890, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1150, character 1
• Unihan data for U+672A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		未

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): bōe / bē / bī

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Wade-Giles: wei⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁶
    • Yale: meih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /mei̯²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe / bē / bī
    • Tâi-lô: buē / bē / bī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boe, be, bi
    • IPA (Taipei): /bue³³/, /be³³/, /bi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue²²/, /be²²/, /bi²²/
    • Note: bōe, bē - vernacular (bōe - Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung. bē - Taipei, Yilan, Magong. bēr - Quanzhou, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu. běr - Lukang); bī - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /mʉi^H/▼

Rime
Character	未
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	無沸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉiH/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mujH/
Li Rong	/miuəiH/
Wang Li	/mĭwəiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯds/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	未	未
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	wèi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨjH ›	‹ mjɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*m[ə]t-s/	/*m[ə]t-s/
English	not yet	8th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	未
Reading #	1/1
No.	12917
Phonetic component	未
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	未
Old Chinese	/*mɯds/
Notes	從屮從木與芔字同根，陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝

Definitions

未

1. not yet
2. (Cantonese) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet

   食飽未？ / 食饱未？ [Cantonese]  ―  Sik⁶ baau² mei⁶? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you full yet?

   你買咗未先？ / 你买咗未先？ [Cantonese]  ―  Nei⁵ maai⁵ zo² mei⁶ sin¹? [Jyutping]  ―  First off, have you even bought it yet?

3. eighth of twelve earthly branches (十二支): goat (羊) of Chinese zodiac

Compounds

Terms derived from 未

• 未为不可
• 未了
• 未亡人
• 未便
• 未免
• 未决
• 未几
• 未卜
• 未卜先知
• 未及
• 未可厚非
• 未妥
• 未始

• 未婚
• 未婚夫
• 未婚妻
• 未尝
• 未尽
• 未必
• 未必然
• 未成年
• 未敢苟同
• 未暇
• 未曾
• 未来

• 未来学
• 未然
• 未知
• 未知数
• 未竟
• 未置可否
• 未老先衰
• 未能
• 未能免俗
• 未详
• 未遂
• 未雨绸缪

Descendants

• Vietnamese: Mùi; Vị

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1663”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

未

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: み (mi)
• Kan’on: び (bi)
• Kun: いまだ (imada), ひつじ (hitsuji)

Compounds

• 未開
• 未完
• 未婚
• 未熟
• 未遂
• 未成年
• 未然
• 未然形
• 未曾有
• 未知

• 未知数
• 未定
• 未踏
• 未納
• 未必の故意
• 未亡人
• 未満
• 未来
• 未了

Noun

未 ‎(hiragana ひつじ, romaji hitsuji)

1. (astrology) eighth sign of the Chinese zodiac, the goat

Prefix

未 ‎(hiragana み, romaji mi-)

1. un-, not yet

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Korean

Hanja

未 • ‎(mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune-Reischauer mi, Yale mi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

未 (vị)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.