未

See also: 木, 末, 禾, and 耒

未 U+672A, 未 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672A ← 朩 [U+6729] CJK Unified Ideographs 末 → [U+672B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

未 (radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), four-corner 5090₀, composition ⿻一木)

Derived characters

• 味 妹 昧 魅

References

• KangXi: page 509, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14419
• Dae Jaweon: page 890, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1150, character 1
• Unihan data for U+672A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		未

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
寐	*mids
魅	*mrɯds
鬽	*mrɯds
昧	*mɯːds
妹	*mɯːds
眛	*maːds, *mɯːds
沬	*maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
未	*mɯds
味	*mɯds
鮇	*mɯds
菋	*mɯds

Pictogram (象形) – a tree with two layers of branches, or a tree's top branches not yet at full growth, signifying not grown (yet)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vi
• Min Dong (BUC): muôi / ê
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bē / bēr / bōe / běr / bī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê⁷ / bhi⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): mi (T3); vi (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁶
    • Yale: meih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /mei̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vi
    • Hakka Romanization System: vi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vi⁴
    • IPA: /vi⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: muôi / ê
    • IPA ^(key): /muɔi²⁴²/, /ɛi²⁴²/

Note:

• muôi - vernacular;
• ê - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Yilan, Magong)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bē
  • Tâi-lô: bē
  • Phofsit Daibuun: be
  • IPA (Xiamen): /be²²/
  • IPA (Taipei): /be³³/
• (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēr
  • Tâi-lô: bēr
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /bə⁴¹/
  • IPA (Kinmen): /bə²²/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Penang)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe
  • Tâi-lô: buē
  • Phofsit Daibuun: boe
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue²²/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bue³³/
  • IPA (Penang): /bue²¹/
• (Hokkien: Lukang)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: běr
  • Tâi-lô: běr
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī
  • Tâi-lô: bī
  • Phofsit Daibuun: bi
  • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bi³³/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bi²²/

Note:

• bē/bēr/bōe/běr - vernacular;
• bī - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bhuê⁷ / bhi⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buē / bī
  • IPA ^(key): /bue¹¹/, /bi¹¹/

Note:

• bhuê7 - “not; have not”;
• bhi7 - one of the earthly branches.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: mi (T3); vi (T3)
  • IPA ^(key): /mi²³/, /v̻i²³/

Note:

• 3mi - vernacular;
• 3vi - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /mʉi^H/▼

Rime
Character	未
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	無沸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉiH/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mujH/
Li Rong	/miuəiH/
Wang Li	/mĭwəiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	未	未
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	wèi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨjH ›	‹ mjɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*m[ə]t-s/	/*m[ə]t-s/
English	not yet	8th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	未
Reading #	1/1
No.	12917
Phonetic component	未
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	未
Old Chinese	/*mɯds/
Notes	從屮從木與芔字同根，陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝

Definitions

未

1. to have not; not yet

   未來 / 未来  ―  wèilái  ―  future [lit. have not come]

2. not
3. ^† Alternative form of 味 (wèi).
4. (Cantonese, Min) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet

   食飽未？ / 食饱未？ [Cantonese]  ―  Sik⁶ baau² mei⁶? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you full yet?

   • 你買咗未先？ / 你买咗未先？ [Cantonese]  ―  Nei⁵ maai⁵ zo² mei⁶ sin¹? [Jyutping]  ―  First off, have you even bought it yet?
5. eighth of twelve earthly branches
6. lamb (羊) of Chinese zodiac

Coordinate terms

• (earthly branches) 地支; 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

Derived terms from 未

• 並未／并未 (bìngwèi)
• 也未可知
• 乳臭未乾／乳臭未干 (rǔxiùwèigān)
• 亙古未有／亘古未有
• 前所未有 (qiánsuǒwèiyǒu)
• 前所未聞／前所未闻
• 前所未見／前所未见
• 前途未卜
• 力有未逮
• 千古未聞／千古未闻
• 口血未乾／口血未干
• 吉凶未卜
• 含苞未放
• 坑灰未冷
• 壯志未酬／壮志未酬
• 夜未央
• 天真未鑿／天真未凿
• 妾身未明
• 始料未及
• 存亡未卜
• 寶刀未老／宝刀未老 (bǎodāowèilǎo)
• 尚未 (shàngwèi)
• 屍骨未寒／尸骨未寒
• 得未嘗有／得未尝有
• 得未曾有 (dé wèicéng yǒu)
• 從未／从未 (cóngwèi)
• 意猶未盡／意犹未尽 (yìyóuwèijìn)
• 意猶未足／意犹未足
• 懵然未覺／懵然未觉
• 懸而未決／悬而未决 (xuán'érwèijué)
• 抔土未乾／抔土未干
• 方興未艾／方兴未艾
• 曠古未有／旷古未有
• 曠古未聞／旷古未闻
• 未了 (wèiliǎo)
• 未了公案
• 未了因
• 未了情
• 未亡人 (wèiwángrén)
• 未來／未来 (wèilái)
• 未來主義／未来主义 (wèiláizhǔyì)
• 未來學／未来学 (wèiláixué)
• 未來派／未来派
• 未便
• 未偶
• 未傅
• 未免 (wèimiǎn)
• 未入流
• 未冠
• 未卜 (wèibǔ)
• 未卜先知
• 未及 (wèijí)

• 未可 (wèikě)
• 未可厚非
• 未可限量
• 未嘗／未尝 (wèicháng)
• 未嘗不可／未尝不可
• 未央 (wèiyāng)
• 未央宮／未央宫 (Wèiyāng Gōng)
• 未妥
• 未始
• 未婚 (wèihūn)
• 未婚夫 (wèihūnfū)
• 未婚妻 (wèihūnqī)
• 未婚媽媽／未婚妈妈
• 未完 (wèiwán)
• 未定 (wèidìng)
• 未定之天
• 未察
• 未就
• 未幾／未几 (wèijǐ)
• 未形之患
• 未必 (wèibì)
• 未必然
• 未必盡然／未必尽然
• 未成一簣／未成一篑
• 未成年 (wèichéngnián)
• 未成年人 (wèichéngniánrén)
• 未改
• 未敢 (wèigǎn)
• 未敢苟同
• 未料
• 未明求衣
• 未易才
• 未時／未时 (wèishí)
• 未晚 (wèiwǎn)
• 未暇
• 未曾 (wèicéng)
• 未決／未决 (wèijué)
• 未決犯／未决犯
• 未滿／未满
• 未為不可／未为不可
• 未焚徙薪
• 未然
• 未熟兒／未熟儿
• 未盡／未尽
• 未省
• 未知 (wèizhī)
• 未知元
• 未知可否
• 未知所措
• 未知數／未知数 (wèizhīshù)
• 未知萬一／未知万一

• 未竟 (wèijìng)
• 未竟之志
• 未置可否
• 未老先衰
• 未能 (wèinéng)
• 未能免俗
• 未艾
• 未艾方興／未艾方兴
• 未若
• 未萌
• 未見／未见 (wèijiàn)
• 未詳／未详 (wèixiáng)
• 未識一丁／未识一丁
• 未足為道／未足为道
• 未足輕重／未足轻重
• 未辨東西／未辨东西
• 未遂 (wèisuì)
• 未遂犯
• 未過門／未过门
• 未遑
• 未達一間／未达一间
• 未開／未开
• 未雨綢繆／未雨绸缪 (wèiyǔchóumóu)
• 未風先雨／未风先雨
• 東方未明／东方未明
• 死生未卜
• 滴水未沾
• 狐疑未決／狐疑未决
• 猶豫未決／犹豫未决
• 目所未睹
• 空前未有
• 童心未泯
• 羽毛未豐／羽毛未丰
• 聞所未聞／闻所未闻 (wénsuǒwèiwén)
• 良心未泯
• 見所未見／见所未见 (jiànsuǒwèijiàn)
• 躊躇未決／踌躇未决
• 迄未成功
• 遲疑未決／迟疑未决
• 還未／还未
• 銳未可當／锐未可当
• 長樂未央／长乐未央
• 防患未然
• 防範未然／防范未然
• 陵土未乾／陵土未干
• 雌雄未決／雌雄未决
• 雲英未嫁／云英未嫁
• 韞櫝未酤／韫椟未酤
• 駒齒未落／驹齿未落
• 驚神未定／惊神未定
• 骨肉未寒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (未):

• → Japanese: 未 (み) (mi); 未 (び) (bi)
• → Korean: 미 (未, mi)
• → Vietnamese: Vị (未)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: Mùi

References

• “Entry #1663”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

未

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: み (mi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: び (bi)
• Kun: いまだ (imada, 未だ); まだ (mada, 未だ); ひつじ (hitsuji, 未)

Compounds

• 未 (み)開 (かい) (mikai, “uncivilized”)
• 未 (み)完 (かん) (mikan, “unfinished”)
• 未 (み)婚 (こん) (mikon, “unmarried”)
• 未 (み)熟 (じゅく) (mijuku, “immature; inexperienced”)
• 未 (み)遂 (すい) (misui, “attempt”, at a crime)
• 未 (み)成 (せい)年 (ねん) (miseinen, “minor”)
• 未 (み)然 (ぜん) (mizen, “previously”)
• 未 (み)然 (ぜん)形 (けい) (mizenkei, “imperfective form”)
• 未 (み)曾 (ぞう)有 (う) (mizōu), 未 (み)曾 (ぞ)有 (う) (mizou, “unprecedented”)
• 未 (み)知 (ち) (michi, “strange”)
• 未 (み)知 (ち)数 (すう) (michisū, “unknown, variable”, in mathematics)
• 未 (み)定 (てい) (mitei, “undecided”)
• 未 (み)踏 (とう) (mitō, “unexplored”)
• 未 (み)納 (のう) (minō, “payment default”)
• 未 (み)必 (ひつ)の故 (こ)意 (い) (mihitsu no koi, “willful negligence”)
• 未 (み)亡 (ぼう)人 (じん) (mibōjin, “widow”)
• 未 (み)満 (まん) (miman, “insufficient”)
• 未 (み)来 (らい) (mirai, “future”)
• 未 (み)了 (りょう) (miryō, “unfinished”)

 

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
未
ひつじ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From 羊 (hitsuji, “sheep”)

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ひつじ [hìtsújí] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [çi̥t͡sɨᵝʑi]
• Homophone: 羊

Proper noun

未 (hiragana ひつじ, rōmaji Hitsuji)

1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
未
み Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 未 (mjɨj^H)

Prefix

未 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi-)

1. un-; in- (not yet)

Proper noun

未 (hiragana み, rōmaji Mi)

1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

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Korean

Hanja

未 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

未: Hán Việt readings: mùi, vị

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.