木
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
木 (radical 75 木+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 木 (D), four-corner 40900)
- Kangxi radical #75, ⽊.
Derived characters[edit]
Related characters[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 509, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
- Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1149, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6728
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
木 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 木
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 木 | *moːɡ |
| 沐 | *moːɡ |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 蚞 | *moːɡ |
| 霂 | *moːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).
Etymology[edit]
No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): muk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): muk
- Min Dong (BUC): mŭk
- Min Nan (POJ): ba̍k / bo̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): moq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: mu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
- IPA (key): /mu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: muk6
- Yale: muhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: muk9
- Guangdong Romanization: mug6
- IPA (key): /mʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: muk
- Hakka Romanization System: mug`
- Hagfa Pinyim: mug5
- IPA: /muk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
- IPA (key): /muʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- ba̍k - vernacular;
- bo̍k - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: moq (T5)
- IPA (key): /mʊʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 木 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mu⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /mu²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /mu⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /mu²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /mu²¹/ | |
| Xining | /mv̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /mu¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /mu¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mu²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /mu²¹³/ /moŋ²¹³/ |
|
| Chengdu | /mu³¹/ /mu¹³/ |
|
| Guiyang | /mu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /mu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /muʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /məʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /məʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /mʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /moʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /moʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /moʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /mu²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɔ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /mo¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mo²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /mo²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /muʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /muk̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /muk̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mok̚²/ |
| Nanning | /muk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /muk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /bɔk̚⁵/ /bak̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /muʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /mu⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /bak̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /mok̚³/ /vak̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫卜切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/muk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/muk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/muk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/məwk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/muk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/muk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/muk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
mù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
mù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ muwk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.mˤok/ |
| English | tree, wood |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9327 |
| Phonetic component |
木 |
| Rime group |
屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
木 |
| Old Chinese |
/*moːɡ/ |
Definitions[edit]
木
- † tree
- wood; timber
- wooden
- simple; plain; slow; emotionless
- † coffin
- (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒.
- 有木有 ― yǒumùyǒu ― innit, damn right
- numb
- 麻木 ― mámù ― numb, insensitive
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 木
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
木
Readings[edit]
- Goon: もく (moku, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
- Kun: き (ki, 木, Jōyō); け (ke, 木); こ (ko, 木, Jōyō, uncommon)
- Nanori: ぐ (gu); しげ (shige); も (mo); もと (moto)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| き Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/ki2/ invalid IPA characters (2): [kɨ], from [ki]
From Old Japanese. Likely developed from fusion of older form ko + い (i, emphatic nominative particle), similar to the sound changes at work in 神 in the shift from kamu to kami.
Now the modern Japanese word.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Idioms[edit]
- 猿も木から落ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru): “even monkeys fall from trees”, i.e. even experts make mistakes
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| け Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Old Japanese. Possibly an intermediate form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; remains in certain place names. Even in ancient times, its use was apparently limited to eastern dialects.[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
-
麻都能氣乃 奈美多流美礼波 伊波妣等乃 和例乎美於久流等 多々理之母己呂 [3]
- 松の木の 並みたる見れば 家人の 我れを見送ると 立たりしもころ
まつのけの なみたるみれば いはびとの われをみおくると たたりしもころ
Matsu no ke no / namitaru mireba / iwabito no / ware o miokuru to / tatari shi mokoro - Looking at the pine trees all in a row, they were just like the people from the household standing to see me off
- 松の木の 並みたる見れば 家人の 我れを見送ると 立たりしもころ
-
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| こ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/ko2/ invalid IPA characters (2): [kə], from [ko̞]
Old Japanese. Likely the original form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| もく Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 木 (muwk). The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 木 (muk6).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
- short for 木曜日 (Mokuyōbi): Thursday
- When written in romaji, often capitalized as Moku.
- wood grain
- Often written 杢.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| ぼく Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 木. The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare literary Min Nan 木 (bo̍k).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
木 (-na inflection, hiragana ぼく, rōmaji boku)
- (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
- (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted
Noun[edit]
- a tree; more specifically, a living tree
- the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
- wood, lumber
- something made of wood
- in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
木 • (mok)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぐ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しげ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading も
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading もと
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- ja:Graph theory
- ja:Computer science
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- ja:Trees
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- ko:Days of the week
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