木

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See also: ホ and 禾
木 U+6728, 木
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6728
← 朧
[U+6727]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 朩 →
[U+6729]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
木-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 75 木

木 (radical 75 木+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 木 (D), four-corner 40900)

  1. Kangxi radical #75, ⽊.

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 509, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1149, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6728

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 木

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 木
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
木-oracle.svg 木-bronze.svg 木-silk.svg 木-seal.svg 木-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
木 *moːɡ
沐 *moːɡ
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
蚞 *moːɡ
霂 *moːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).

Etymology[edit]

No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ba̍k - vernacular;
  • bo̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 木
Mandarin Beijing /mu⁵¹/
Harbin /mu⁵³/
Tianjin /mu⁵³/
Jinan /mu²¹/
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu²⁴/
Xi'an /mu²¹/
Xining /mv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/
Lanzhou /mu¹³/
Ürümqi /mu²¹³/
Wuhan /mu²¹³/
/moŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /mu³¹/
/mu¹³/
Guiyang /mu²¹/
Kunming /mu³¹/
Nanjing /muʔ⁵/
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /mu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /moʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /muʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /muk̚¹/
Taoyuan /muk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mok̚²/
Nanning /muk̚²²/
Hong Kong /muk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
/bak̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mu⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /bak̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /mok̚³/
/vak̚³/
Rime
Character 木
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫卜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /muk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /məwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /muk̚/
Wang
Li		 /muk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 木
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ muwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.mˤok/
English tree, wood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 木
Reading # 1/1
No. 9327
Phonetic
component		 木
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 木
Old
Chinese		 /*moːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

木

  1. † tree
    Synonyms: 樹／树 (shù)
    樹木 / 树木  ―  shùmù  ―  tree
  2. wood; timber
    木頭 / 木头  ―  mùtou  ―  log
  3. wooden
  4. simple; plain; slow; emotionless
    • 木訥 / 木讷  ―  mùnè  ―  plain spoken, slow and inarticulate
  5. † coffin
    • 棺木  ―  guānmù  ―  coffin
    • 就木  ―  jiùmù  ―  to die (to enter one's coffin)
  6. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒.
    有木有  ―  yǒumùyǒu  ―  innit, damn right
  7. numb
    麻木  ―  mámù  ―  numb, insensitive

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 木

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

木

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
き
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/ki2/ invalid IPA characters (2): [kɨ], from [ki]

From Old Japanese. Likely developed from fusion of older form ko + い (i, emphatic nominative particle), similar to the sound changes at work in 神 in the shift from kamu to kami.

Now the modern Japanese word.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木 (hiragana き, rōmaji ki)

  1. a tree; a shrub
  2. wood, timber, lumber
  3. (graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
Idioms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
け
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Old Japanese. Possibly an intermediate form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; remains in certain place names. Even in ancient times, its use was apparently limited to eastern dialects.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木 (hiragana け, rōmaji ke)

  1. a tree
    麻都能氣乃 奈美多流美礼波 伊波妣等乃 和例乎美於久流等 多々理之母己呂 [3]
    松の木の 並みたる見れば 家人の 我れを見送ると 立たりしもころ
    まつのけの なみたるみれば いはびとの われをみおくると たたりしもころ
    Matsu no ke no / namitaru mireba / iwabito no / ware o miokuru to / tatari shi mokoro
    Looking at the pine trees all in a row, they were just like the people from the household standing to see me off

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
こ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/ko2/ invalid IPA characters (2): [kə], from [ko̞]

Old Japanese. Likely the original form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木 (hiragana こ, rōmaji ko)

  1. a tree
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
もく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 木 (muwk). The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 木 (muk6).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木 (hiragana もく, rōmaji moku)

  1. a tree
  2. short for 木曜日 (​Mokuyōbi): Thursday
    When written in romaji, often capitalized as ​Moku.
  3. wood grain
    Often written 杢.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
ぼく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 木. The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare literary Min Nan 木 (bo̍k).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

木 (-na inflection, hiragana ぼく, rōmaji boku)

  1. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
  2. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted

Noun[edit]

木 (hiragana ぼく, rōmaji boku)

  1. a tree; more specifically, a living tree
  2. the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
  3. wood, lumber
  4. something made of wood
  5. in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4375); text here

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

木 • (mok)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 목 (revised: mok, McCune-Reischauer: mok, Yale: mok)
    • Name (hangeul): 나무 (revised: namu, McCune-Reischauer: namu, Yale: namu)
  1. (나무 목, namu-): wood
  2. (as an abbreviation) Thursday

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

木 (mộc, móc, mọc, mốc, mục)

  1. tree
  2. wood
  3. coffin
  4. numbness
  5. jackfruit: Mộc ba la
  6. rose of Sharon: Mộc cẩn
  7. magnolia: Mộc lan
  8. papaya: Mộc qua
  9. the kudzu fruit: Mộc thự
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