木
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Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
- In Hong Kong and Taiwan, when 木 is at the bottom of a character, it is written as 朩 without a hook instead of 木 itself.
Han character[edit]
木 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 木 (D), four-corner 40900, composition ⿻十𠆢)
- Kangxi radical #75, ⽊.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/木
- 休, 㕲, 𡉿, 𡯐, 𫹎, 𪫟, 𢪮, 沐, 狇, 𫐠, 炑, 牀, 𭷉, 𤘬, 𬍓, 𦙣, 𠣛, 𬎳, 𤱃, 𤴷, 𪽻, 𥄢, 𪿈, 𥝰, 𠚐, 䊾, 𦐔, 蚞, 𮗼, 䝗, 𮠛, 鈢, 𩵦(𫠏)
- 禾, 米, 𠫡, 呆, 㚓, 宋, 𡭢, 𡵬, 床, 㦿, 𬇏, 𠕖, 采, 𦊋, 罙, 䂞, 穼, 䍒, 𬺜, 𦊧, 臬, 𠡷, 㕖, 集, 雬, 𡩎, 渠, 琹, 喿, 㮡, 髤, 䲷, 䴢, 燊, 築, 蘃, 蘖, 雧, 䯂
- 䢶, 相, 𡉣, 𪥄, 𢌶, 𢗦, 𤆰, 𤯃, 𦕂, 𧉓, 𧴿, 螙, 凩, 閑(闲), 困, 耒, 來, 𣸑, 𠎀, 𠍇, 𤨪, 𤚦, 鬱
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 𛀧 (Hentaigana)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 509, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
- Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1149, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6728
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
木 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 木 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).
Etymology[edit]
No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
木
- tree; woody plant
- wood; timber
- wooden
- simple; plain; slow; emotionless; wooden
- † coffin
- (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒/没.
- 有木有 ― yǒumùyǒu ― innit, damn right
- numb
Synonyms[edit]
- (tree):
- (wood):
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 木頭 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 木頭 |
Taiwan | 木頭 | |
Jinan | 木頭 | |
Xi'an | 木頭 | |
Wuhan | 木頭 | |
Chengdu | 木頭 | |
Guilin | 木頭 | |
Yangzhou | 木頭 | |
Hefei | 木頭 | |
Singapore | 木頭 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 木 |
Hong Kong | 木 | |
Yangjiang | 木頭 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 木頭 |
Hakka | Meixian | 樹料, 木頭 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 木頭 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 柴 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 柴 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 柴 |
Taipei (Wanhua) | 柴 | |
Kaohsiung | 柴 | |
Yilan | 柴 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 柴 | |
Taichung | 柴 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 柴 | |
Tainan | 柴 | |
Taitung | 柴 | |
Hsinchu | 柴 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 柴 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 柴 | |
Chaozhou | 柴 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 木頭 |
Wenzhou | 木頭, 樹 log | |
Xiang | Changsha | 木頭 |
Shuangfeng | 樹 |
- (coffin):
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Other:
- → Lü: ᦙᦴᧉ (muu²)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: もく (moku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
- Kun: き (ki, 木, Jōyō); こ (ko, 木, Jōyō †)
- Nanori: ぐ (gu); しげ (shige); も (mo); もと (moto)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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木 |
き Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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樹 |
⟨ki2⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/
From Old Japanese 木 (ki2), from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, whence Southern Amami-Oshima けぃー (kʰɨː), Okinawan きー (kiː), Kunigami きー (kʰiː), Miyako きー (kiː), Yaeyama きー (kiː) and Yonaguni きー (kʰiː).
Likely developed from fusion of older form 木 (ko, see below) + い (i, emphatic nominative particle), similar to the sound changes at work in 神 (kamu → kami, “Shinto deity”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree or shrub
- wood, timber, lumber
- (graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
- (theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play
Idioms[edit]
- 猿も木から落ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru, “even monkeys fall from trees → nobody's perfect”)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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木 |
こ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨ko2⟩ → */kə/ → /ko/
From Old Japanese 木 (ko2), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kə.
Likely the original form of ki above. Obsolete in modern Japanese, never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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木 |
もく Grade: 1 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 木 (MC muk̚). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the original borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Compare modern Cantonese 木 (muk6).
Alternative forms[edit]
- (wood grain): 杢
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 木綿 (momen)
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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木 |
ぼく Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 木 (MC muk̚). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Compare literary Min Nan 木 (bo̍k).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree; more specifically, a living tree
- the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
- wood, lumber
- something made of wood
- in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument
Adjective[edit]
木 • (boku) -na (adnominal 木な (boku na), adverbial 木に (boku ni))
- (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
- (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted
Inflection[edit]
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 木だろ | ぼくだろ | boku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 木で | ぼくで | boku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 木だ | ぼくだ | boku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 木な | ぼくな | boku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 木なら | ぼくなら | boku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 木であれ | ぼくであれ | boku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 木ではない 木じゃない |
ぼくではない ぼくじゃない |
boku de wa nai boku ja nai |
Informal past | 木だった | ぼくだった | boku datta |
Informal negative past | 木ではなかった 木じゃなかった |
ぼくではなかった ぼくじゃなかった |
boku de wa nakatta boku ja nakatta |
Formal | 木です | ぼくです | boku desu |
Formal negative | 木ではありません 木じゃありません |
ぼくではありません ぼくじゃありません |
boku de wa arimasen boku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 木でした | ぼくでした | boku deshita |
Formal negative past | 木ではありませんでした 木じゃありませんでした |
ぼくではありませんでした ぼくじゃありませんでした |
boku de wa arimasen deshita boku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 木で | ぼくで | boku de |
Conditional | 木なら(ば) | ぼくなら(ば) | boku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 木だったら | ぼくだったら | boku dattara |
Volitional | 木だろう | ぼくだろう | boku darō |
Adverbial | 木に | ぼくに | boku ni |
Degree | 木さ | ぼくさ | bokusa |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 木 (MC muk̚).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 목〮 (Yale: mwók) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 나모 (Yale: nàmwò) | 목〮 (Yale: mwók) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [목]
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 목 (“tree; wood; wooden”). [affix]
- Hanja form? of 목 (“Short for 목요일(木曜日) (mogyoil, “Thursday”).”).
Compounds[edit]
- 각목 (刻木, gangmok)
- 고목 (古木, gomok)
- 관목 (灌木, gwanmok)
- 광목 (廣木, gwangmok)
- 교목 (喬木, gyomok)
- 모과 (木瓜, mogwa)
- 목간 (木簡, mokgan)
- 목검 (木劍, mokgeom)
- 목공 (木工, mokgong)
- 목관 (木管, mokgwan)
- 목기 (木器, mokgi)
- 목도 (木刀, mokdo)
- 목련 (木蓮, mongnyeon)
- 목마 (木馬, mongma)
- 목석 (木石, mokseok)
- 목성 (木星, mokseong)
- 목수 (木手, moksu)
- 목어 (木魚, mogeo)
- 목재 (木材, mokjae)
- 목조 (木造, mokjo)
- 목조 (木彫, mokjo)
- 목초 (木醋, mokcho)
- 목침 (木枕, mokchim)
- 목탁 (木鐸, moktak)
- 목탄 (木炭, moktan)
- 목탑 (木塔, moktap)
- 목화 (木花, mokhwa)
- 묘목 (苗木, myomok)
- 벌목 (伐木, beolmok)
- 비목 (碑木, bimok)
- 삽목 (揷木, sammok)
- 수목 (樹木, sumok)
- 식목 (植木, singmok)
- 신목 (神木, sinmok)
- 원목 (原木, wonmok)
- 접목 (接木, jeommok)
- 주목 (朱木, jumok)
- 취목 (取木, chwimok)
- 침목 (枕木, chimmok)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
木
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
/ki/ → /kiː/
From Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, from Proto-Japonic *kəy.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
References[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Japonic *kəy. Compare the pronunciation of Middle Chinese 紀 (MC kɨX).
Likely developed from fusion of older form 木 (ko2, see below) + い (i(2), emphatic nominative particle), similar to the sound changes at work in 神 (kamu → kami2, “Shinto deity”).[1]
Noun[edit]
木 (ki2) (kana き)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 木 (ki)
Etymology 2[edit]
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kə. Compare the pronunciation of Middle Chinese 許 (MC hɨʌX).
Likely the original form of ⟨ki2⟩ above. Never found in isolation.[1]
Noun[edit]
木 (ko2) (kana こ)
- Combining form of キ乙 (ki2) above
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 木 (ko)
Etymology 3[edit]
May ultimately be from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Analysis in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) shows that this variation of ⟨ki2⟩ is not limited to Eastern dialects.
Noun[edit]
木 (ke2) (kana け)
- (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) Same as キ乙 (ki2) above
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
木: Hán Việt readings: mộc (
木: Nôm readings: mọc[1][2][3][4][5], mốc[1][2][3][4][5], mộc[1][2][3][5], móc[1][3][4][5], mục[3][4][5], chúc[2]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- ja:Graph theory
- ja:Computer science
- ja:Theater
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- ja:Trees
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