木

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See also: ホ and 禾
木 U+6728, 木
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6728
← 朧
[U+6727] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朩 →
[U+6729]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order
木-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 75 木

木 (radical 75, 木+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 木 (D), four-corner 40900, composition ⿻十𠆢)

  1. Kangxi radical #75, ⽊.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Wikidata has structured data related to:

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 509, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1149, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6728

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 木

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 木
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
木-oracle.svg 木-bronze.svg 木-silk.svg 木-seal.svg 木-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
木 *moːɡ
沐 *moːɡ
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
蚞 *moːɡ
霂 *moːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).

Etymology[edit]

No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ba̍k - vernacular;
  • bo̍k - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 木
    Mandarin Beijing /mu⁵¹/
    Harbin /mu⁵³/
    Tianjin /mu⁵³/
    Jinan /mu²¹/
    Qingdao /mu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mu²⁴/
    Xi'an /mu²¹/
    Xining /mv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /mu¹³/
    Lanzhou /mu¹³/
    Ürümqi /mu²¹³/
    Wuhan /mu²¹³/
    /moŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /mu³¹/
    /mu¹³/
    Guiyang /mu²¹/
    Kunming /mu³¹/
    Nanjing /muʔ⁵/
    Hefei /məʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
    Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /mu⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
    Suzhou /moʔ³/
    Hangzhou /moʔ²/
    Wenzhou /mu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
    Tunxi /mo¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
    Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /muʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /muk̚¹/
    Taoyuan /muk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mok̚²/
    Nanning /muk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /muk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
    /bak̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /muʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mu⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /bak̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /mok̚³/
    /vak̚³/
    Rime
    Character 木
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 屋 (3)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 莫卜切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/muk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/muk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/muk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/məwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/muk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/muk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/muk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		mù
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 木
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		mù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ muwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.mˁok/
    English tree, wood

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 木
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9327
    Phonetic
    component         		木
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		木
    Old
    Chinese         		/*moːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    木

    1. † tree
      Synonyms: 樹／树 (shù)
      樹木 / 树木  ―  shùmù  ―  tree
    2. wood; timber
      木頭 / 木头  ―  mùtou  ―  log
    3. wooden
    4. simple; plain; slow; emotionless
      • 木訥 / 木讷  ―  mùnè  ―  plain spoken, slow and inarticulate
    5. † coffin
      • 棺木  ―  guānmù  ―  coffin
      • 就木  ―  jiùmù  ―  to die (to enter one's coffin)
    6. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒.
      有木有  ―  yǒumùyǒu  ―  innit, damn right
    7. numb
      麻木  ―  mámù  ―  numb, insensitive

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 木

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    木

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    木
    き
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /ki2/: [kɨ] > [ki]

    From Old Japanese 木 (ki2) (cf. phonetic Man'yōgana form 紀 (MC kɨX)), from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, whence Southern Amami-Oshima けぃー (kʰɨː), Okinawan きー (kiː), Kunigami きー (kʰiː), Miyako きー (kiː), Yaeyama きー (kiː) and Yonaguni きー (kʰiː). Likely developed from fusion of older form *kə + い (i, emphatic nominative particle), similar to the sound changes at work in 神 in the shift from kamu to kami.[1]

    Now the modern Japanese word.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    木 (hiragana き, rōmaji ki)

    1. a tree; a shrub
    2. wood, timber, lumber
    3. (graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
    Idioms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    木
    け
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese 木 (ke2) (cf. phonetic Man'yōgana form 氣 (MC kʰɨiH, hɨiH)). Possibly an intermediate form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; remains in certain place names. Even in ancient times, its use was apparently limited to eastern dialects.[3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    木 (hiragana け, rōmaji ke)

    1. a tree
      麻都能氣乃 奈美多流美礼波 伊波妣等乃 和例乎美於久流等 多々理之母己呂[4]
      松の木の 並みたる見れば 家人の 我れを見送ると 立たりしもころ
      まつのけの なみたるみれば いはびとの われをみおくると たたりしもころ
      Matsu no ke no / namitaru mireba / iwabito no / ware o miokuru to / tatari shi mokoro
      Looking at the pine trees all in a row, they were just like the people from the household standing to see me off

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    木
    こ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /ko2/: [kə] > [ko̞]

    From Old Japanese 木 (ko2) (cf. phonetic Man'yōgana form 許 (MC hɨʌX)), from Proto-Japonic *kə. Likely the original form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    木 (hiragana こ, rōmaji ko)

    1. a tree
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    木
    もく
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 木 (muwk). The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 木 (muk6).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    木 (hiragana もく, rōmaji moku)

    1. a tree
    2. short for 木曜日 (​Mokuyōbi): Thursday
      When written in romaji, often capitalized as ​Moku.
    3. wood grain
      Often written 杢.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    木
    ぼく
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 木 (mù). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare literary Min Nan 木 (bo̍k).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    木 (-na inflection, hiragana ぼく, rōmaji boku)

    1. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
    2. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted

    Noun[edit]

    木 (hiragana ぼく, rōmaji boku)

    1. a tree; more specifically, a living tree
    2. the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
    3. wood, lumber
    4. something made of wood
    5. in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pellard, Thomas (2012), “日琉祖語の分岐年代”, in 琉球諸語と古代日本語に関する比較言語学的研究」ワークショップ‎[1], page 6
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    4. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4375); text here

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    木 (eumhun 나무 목 (namu mok))

    1. (나무 목, namu-): wood
    2. (as an abbreviation) Thursday

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    木: Hán Việt readings: mộc (莫(mạc)卜(bốc)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    木: Nôm readings: mọc[1][2][3][4][5], mốc[1][2][3][4][5], mộc[1][2][3][5], móc[1][3][4][5], mục[3][4][5], chúc[2]

    1. Hán tự form of mộc (“tree; wood”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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