木
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
木 (radical 75, 木+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 木 (D), four-corner 40900, composition ⿻十𠆢)
- Kangxi radical #75, ⽊.
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 509, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
- Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1149, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6728
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
木 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 木 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 木 | *moːɡ |
| 沐 | *moːɡ |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 蚞 | *moːɡ |
| 霂 | *moːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).
Etymology[edit]
No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
木
- † tree
- wood; timber
- wooden
- simple; plain; slow; emotionless
- † coffin
- (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒.
- 有木有 ― yǒumùyǒu ― innit, damn right
- numb
- 麻木 ― mámù ― numb, insensitive
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 木
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
木
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: もく (moku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
- Kun: き (ki, 木, Jōyō); け (ke, 木); こ (ko, 木, Jōyō, uncommon)
- Nanori: ぐ (gu); しげ (shige); も (mo); もと (moto)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| き Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/ki2/: [kɨ] > [ki]
From Old Japanese 木 (ki2) (cf. phonetic Man'yōgana form 紀 (MC kɨX)), from Proto-Japonic *kəi. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, whence Southern Amami-Oshima けぃー (kʰɨː), Okinawan きー (kiː), Kunigami きー (kʰiː), Miyako きー (kiː), Yaeyama きー (kiː) and Yonaguni きー (kʰiː). Likely developed from fusion of older form *kə + い (i, emphatic nominative particle), similar to the sound changes at work in 神 in the shift from kamu to kami.[1]
Now the modern Japanese word.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree; a shrub
- wood, timber, lumber
- (graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
Idioms[edit]
- 猿も木から落ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru): “even monkeys fall from trees”, i.e. even experts make mistakes
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| け Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese 木 (ke2) (cf. phonetic Man'yōgana form 氣 (MC kʰɨiH, hɨiH)). Possibly an intermediate form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; remains in certain place names. Even in ancient times, its use was apparently limited to eastern dialects.[3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
- 麻都能氣乃 奈美多流美礼波 伊波妣等乃 和例乎美於久流等 多々理之母己呂 [4]
- 松の木の 並みたる見れば 家人の 我れを見送ると 立たりしもころ
まつのけの なみたるみれば いはびとの われをみおくると たたりしもころ
Matsu no ke no / namitaru mireba / iwabito no / ware o miokuru to / tatari shi mokoro - Looking at the pine trees all in a row, they were just like the people from the household standing to see me off
- 松の木の 並みたる見れば 家人の 我れを見送ると 立たりしもころ
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| こ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/ko2/: [kə] > [ko̞]
From Old Japanese 木 (ko2) (cf. phonetic Man'yōgana form 許 (MC hɨʌX)), from Proto-Japonic *kə. Likely the original form. Obsolete in modern Japanese, and never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| もく Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 木 (muwk). The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 木 (muk6).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tree
- short for 木曜日 (Mokuyōbi): Thursday
- When written in romaji, often capitalized as Moku.
- wood grain
- Often written 杢.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 木 |
| ぼく Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 木 (mù). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare literary Min Nan 木 (bo̍k).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
木 (-na inflection, hiragana ぼく, rōmaji boku)
- (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
- (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted
Noun[edit]
- a tree; more specifically, a living tree
- the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
- wood, lumber
- something made of wood
- in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pellard, Thomas (2012), “日琉祖語の分岐年代”, in 琉球諸語と古代日本語に関する比較言語学的研究」ワークショップ[1], page 6
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4375); text here
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぐ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しげ
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading もと
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- ja:Graph theory
- ja:Computer science
- Japanese terms spelled with 木 read as け
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- Japanese terms spelled with 木 read as こ
- Japanese terms spelled with 木 read as もく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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- Japanese terms spelled with 木 read as ぼく
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
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- ja:Trees
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- ko:Days of the week
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