禾

See also: 夫, 末, 天, 未, and 夭

禾	U+79BE, 禾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BE

← 禽
[U+79BD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禿 →
[U+79BF]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 115 禾

禾 (radical 115, 禾+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹木 (HD), four-corner 2090₄, composition ⿱丿木 or ⿻千𠆢)

Kangxi radical #115, ⽲.

Derived characters[edit]

Index:Chinese radical/禾

Related characters[edit]

兼

References[edit]

KangXi: page 848, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24906
Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2588, character 1
Unihan data for U+79BE

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		禾

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 禾
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (禾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
科	kʰoːl, kʰoːls
萪	*kʰoːl
蝌	*kʰoːl
犐	*kʰoːl
禾	*ɡoːl
和	ɡoːl, ɡoːls
咊	*ɡoːl
盉	ɡoːl, ɡoːls
龢	*ɡoːl
鉌	*ɡoːl
俰	*ɡoːls

Pictogram (象形) – picture of a plant stalk. The stalk is more recognizable in older form.

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Tibetan གྲོ (gro, “wheat”) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vô
Jin (Wiktionary): hue³
Min Bei (KCR): ô
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hô / hô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁵ / da⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wo⁴
  - Yale: wòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vô
  - Hakka Romanization System: vo´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vo¹
  - Sinological IPA: /vo²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /o³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
  - Tâi-lô: hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hua⁵ / da⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ / tâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua⁵⁵/, /ta⁵⁵/

Note:

hua5 - literary;
da5 - vernacular (訓讀).

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuɑ/

Rime
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸戈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwa/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huó

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hwa ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁoj/
English	growing grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
No.	4931
Phonetic component	禾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	和
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːl/

Definitions[edit]

禾

grain; cereal
rice plant

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 稻子 (“rice (plant)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		稻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稻子, 稻
Mandarin	Beijing	稻子
	Taiwan	稻子
	Harbin	稻子
	Jinan	稻子
	Muping	稻子
	Luoyang	稻子
	Xi'an	稻子
	Zhengzhou	稻
	Xining	稻子
	Xuzhou	稻子, 稻
	Yinchuan	稻子
	Lanzhou	稻子
	Ürümqi	稻子
	Wuhan	稻穀, 穀
	Chengdu	穀子
	Guilin	穀子
	Liuzhou	禾, 穀子
	Kunming	稻子, 穀子
	Yangzhou	稻子, 稻
	Nanjing	稻子
	Hefei	稻
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	稻子
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	稻子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	禾
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	禾
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	禾
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	禾
	Macau	禾
	Panyu	禾
	Huadu (Huashan)	禾
	Conghua	禾
	Zengcheng	禾
	Foshan	禾
	Nanhai (Shatou)	禾
	Shunde	禾
	Sanshui	禾
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	穀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	禾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	禾
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	禾
	Doumen	禾
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	禾
	Xinhui	禾
	Taishan	禾
	Kaiping (Chikan)	禾
	Enping (Niujiang)	禾
	Heshan (Yayao)	穀
	Dongguan	禾
	Bao'an (Shajing)	禾
	Dapeng	禾
	Qingyuan	禾
	Fogang	禾仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	禾仔
	Yangshan	禾
	Lianshan (Butian)	禾
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	禾
	Shaoguan	禾
	Qujiang	禾
	Renhua	禾
	Lechang	禾
	Gaoyao	禾
	Sihui	禾仔
	Guangning	禾
	Deqing	禾
	Huaiji	禾
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	禾
	Yunfu	穀翁
	Xinxing	禾
	Luoding	禾
	Yunan (Pingtai)	禾
	Yangjiang	禾
	Xinyi	禾
	Lianjiang	禾
	Nanning	禾, 穀
	Wuzhou	禾
	Yulin	穀
	Hepu	穀子
	Danzhou	禾
	Kuala Lumpur	禾
	Ho Chi Minh City	禾
Gan	Nanchang	禾
	Lichuan	禾
	Pingxiang	禾
Hakka	Meixian	禾
	Xingning	禾
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	禾, 穀
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	穀
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	穀
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	穀
	Huidong (Daling)	禾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	禾
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Boluo (Bendihua)	穀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	禾
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	禾
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	禾
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	禾
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	禾
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	禾
	Wuhua (Changbu)	禾
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	禾, 禾苗
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	穀
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	禾, 穀
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	穀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	穀
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	穀
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	穀
	Qujiang	禾
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	穀
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	穀
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	禾
	Liannan	禾
	Conghua (Lütian)	禾
	Jiexi	禾
	Luchuan	禾
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	稻穀
	Changting	禾
	Pingyu	禾
	Wuping	禾
	Liancheng	禾
	Ninghua	禾
	Yudu	禾
	Ruijin	禾
	Shicheng	禾
	Shangyou	禾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	禾仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	禾仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	禾仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	禾
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	禾仔, 禾
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Sabah (Longchuan)	禾
	Senai	禾
	Singkawang	禾
Huizhou	Jixi	稻
	Shexian	稻
	Tunxi	稻
	Xiuning	稻
	Yixian	稻
	Qimen	穀, 稻子
	Wuyuan	禾
Jin	Taiyuan	稻子
	Pingyao	稻
	Xinzhou	稻子
	Hohhot	稻子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	禾, 早仔
	Dikou	禾
	Songxi	穀
	Zhenghe	粟
	Zhenqian	禾
	Jianyang	早仔
	Wuyishan	早仔
	Shibei	禾
Min Dong	Fuzhou	粙
	Changle	粙
	Fuqing	粙
	Pingtan	粙
	Yongtai	粙
	Gutian	粙
	Fu'an	粙
	Ningde	粙
	Shouning	粙, 禾
	Zhouning	粙
	Fuding	粙
	Matsu	粙
Min Nan	Xiamen	粙仔, 粙
	Tong'an	粙仔
	Quanzhou	粙, 粙仔
	Jinjiang	粙仔
	Nan'an	粙仔
	Shishi	粙仔
	Hui'an	粙仔
	Anxi	粙仔
	Yongchun	粙仔, 粙
	Dehua	粙
	Zhangzhou	粙仔, 粙
	Longhai	粙仔
	Changtai	粙仔
	Hua'an	粙仔, 禾
	Nanjing	粙仔
	Pinghe	粙仔
	Zhangpu	粙仔
	Yunxiao	粙
	Zhao'an	粙
	Dongshan	粙
	Taipei	粙仔
	Kaohsiung	粙仔
	Tainan	粙仔
	Taichung	粙仔
	Wuqi	粙仔
	Hsinchu	粙仔
	Taitung	粙仔
	Lukang	粙仔
	Yilan	粙仔
	Kinmen	粙仔
	Magong	粙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	粙仔, 粙
	Longyan	禾
	Zhangping	禾
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	禾
	Datian	禾
	Chaozhou	粙
	Shantou	粙
	Haifeng	粙
	Thailand (Bangkok Teochew)	粙
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	粙
	Wenchang	粙
	Haikou	粙
	Leizhou	粙
Puxian Min	Putian	粙
Puxian Min	Xianyou	粙
Min Zhong	Yong'an	禾
	Sanyuan	禾
	Shaxian	禾
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	粙
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	粙
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	穀
Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	穀子
Shehua	Fu'an	禾
	Fuding	禾
	Luoyuan	禾
	Sanming	禾
	Shunchang	禾
	Hua'an	禾
	Guixi	禾
	Cangnan	禾
	Jingning	禾
	Lishui	禾
	Longyou	禾
	Chaozhou	禾
	Fengshun	禾
Wu	Shanghai	稻
	Suzhou	稻
	Wuxi	稻
	Hangzhou	稻, 稻子
	Wenzhou	稻
	Chongming	稻
	Danyang	稻
	Jinhua	稻
	Tangxi	稻
	Ningbo	稻
Xiang	Changsha	禾
	Shuangfeng	禾
	Xiangtan	禾
	Loudi	禾
	Quanzhou	禾, 穀子

Compounds[edit]

一禾九穗 (yīhéjiǔsuì)
嘉禾
拔禾
故宮禾黍／故宫禾黍
柴禾 (cháihé)
禾亭 (Hétíng)
禾倈／禾俫

禾場／禾场 (héchǎng)
禾旦
禾木旁 (hémùpáng)
禾本科
禾槁
禾稈草／禾秆草
禾稻 (hédào)

禾稼
禾絹／禾绢
禾苗 (hémiáo)
禾菽
禾蟲／禾虫 (héchóng)
禾黍
黃禾／黄禾

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: わ (wa)
Kan-on: か (ka); くわ (kuwa)
Kun: いね (ine, 禾); のぎ (nogi, 禾)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Hanja[edit]

禾 (eumhun 벼 화 (byeo hwa))

rice

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

禾 (eumhun 말 이빨의 수효 수 (mal ipparui suhyo su))

the number of horse teeth