禾

See also: 夫, 末, 天, 未, and 夭

禾 U+79BE, 禾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BE ← 禽 [U+79BD] CJK Unified Ideographs 禿 → [U+79BF]

Translingual

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order

Han character

禾 (radical 115, 禾+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹木 (HD), four-corner 2090₄, composition ⿱丿木 or ⿻千𠆢)

1. Kangxi radical #115, ⽲.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/禾

Related characters

• 兼

References

• KangXi: page 848, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24906
• Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2588, character 1
• Unihan data for U+79BE

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		禾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禾
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (禾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
科	*kʰoːl, *kʰoːls
萪	*kʰoːl
蝌	*kʰoːl
犐	*kʰoːl
禾	*ɡoːl
和	*ɡoːl, *ɡoːls
咊	*ɡoːl
盉	*ɡoːl, *ɡoːls
龢	*ɡoːl
鉌	*ɡoːl
俰	*ɡoːls

Pictogram (象形) – picture of a plant stalk. The stalk is more recognizable in older form.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hé (he²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vô
• Min Bei (KCR): ô
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hô / hô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁵ / da⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
    • Wade–Giles: ho²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
    • IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wo⁴
    • Yale: wòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /wɔː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vô
    • Hakka Romanization System: vo´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vo¹
    • IPA: /vo²⁴/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ô
    • IPA ^(key): /o³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
    • Tâi-lô: hô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hua⁵ / da⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ / tâ
    • IPA ^(key): /hua⁵⁵/, /ta⁵⁵/

Note:

• hua5 - literary;
• da5 - vernacular (訓讀).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
  • IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦuɑ/▼

Rime
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸戈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwa/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huó

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hwa ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁoj/
English	growing grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
No.	4931
Phonetic component	禾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	和
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːl/

Definitions

禾

1. grain; cereal
2. rice plant

Compounds

• 一禾九穗
• 嘉禾
• 拔禾
• 故宮禾黍／故宫禾黍
• 柴禾 (cháihé)
• 禾倈／禾俫
• 禾場／禾场 (héchǎng)

• 禾旦
• 禾木旁 (hémùpáng)
• 禾本科
• 禾槁
• 禾稻 (hédào)
• 禾稼

• 禾絹／禾绢
• 禾苗 (hémiáo)
• 禾菽
• 禾蟲／禾虫 (héchóng)
• 禾黍
• 黃禾／黄禾

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Japanese

Kanji

禾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. rice plant

Readings

• Go-on: わ (wa)
• Kan-on: か (ka); くわ (kuwa)
• Kun: いね (ine, 禾); のぎ (nogi, 禾)

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Korean

Hanja

禾 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

禾 (hoà)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.