禽

禽 U+79BD, 禽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BD ← 禼 [U+79BC] CJK Unified Ideographs 禾 → [U+79BE]

Translingual

Han character

禽 (Kangxi radical 114, 禸+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人卜山月 (OYUB), four-corner 8042₇, composition ⿱𠆢离)

Derived characters

• 噙 擒 檎 蠄
• 𠘅 𢢬 𤢌 𦡬 𥋼 𥼝 𦔟 𧴐 𨆓 𪒭 𣍗 𧈛
• 𮓄 𮮓

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 848, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24893
• Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 199, character 4
• Unihan data for U+79BD

Chinese

trad.		禽
simp. #		禽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禽
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Ideogram (指事) – an animal (离, bottom) being captured by a mouth (亼, top); compare 离. In current form, graphically 人 + 离.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kam⁴
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khîm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kim⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶jin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kam⁴
    • Yale: kàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
    • Tâi-lô: khîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kim⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰim⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³jjin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ʑin²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: gim

Rime
Character	禽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨金切
Baxter	gim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禽	禽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gim ›	‹ gim ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/	/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
English	bird; animal	catch, capture
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禽
Reading #	1/1
No.	6607
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	琴
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

禽

1. (literary) birds and beasts
2. birds (as a general category); fowl

   禽流感  ―  qínliúgǎn  ―  bird flu

3. ^† Alternative form of 擒 (“to capture; to catch”)
4. a surname

Synonyms

• (birds): 鳥類／鸟类 (niǎolèi)

Compounds

• 並禽／并禽
• 五禽戲／五禽戏
• 信禽
• 冤禽
• 匹禽
• 原禽 (yuánqín)
• 夜禽類／夜禽类
• 委禽
• 家禽 (jiāqín)
• 德禽
• 攀禽類／攀禽类
• 智禽
• 水禽類／水禽类
• 涉禽 (shèqín)
• 游禽類／游禽类
• 演禽
• 猛禽 (měngqín)
• 珍禽
• 珍禽異獸／珍禽异兽
• 瑰禽怪獸／瑰禽怪兽
• 禽困覆車／禽困覆车
• 禽奔獸遁／禽奔兽遁
• 禽息鳥視／禽息鸟视
• 禽犢／禽犊
• 禽犢之愛／禽犊之爱
• 禽獸／禽兽 (qínshòu)
• 禽獸不如／禽兽不如
• 禽荒
• 禽言
• 禽鳥／禽鸟 (qínniǎo)
• 良禽擇木／良禽择木 (liángqínzémù)
• 草薙禽獮／草剃禽狝
• 衣冠禽獸／衣冠禽兽 (yīguānqínshòu)
• 走禽
• 飛禽／飞禽 (fēiqín)
• 飛禽走獸／飞禽走兽 (fēiqínzǒushòu)
• 魯禽／鲁禽
• 鳴禽／鸣禽 (míngqín)

 

Japanese

Kanji

禽

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. bird
2. (more specifically) chicken

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)^{←ごむ (gomu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きん (kin)^{←きむ (kimu, historical)}
• Kun: とり (tori, 禽); とりこ (toriko, 禽)
• Nanori: とり (tori)

Compounds

• 家(か)禽(きん) (kakin): domestic fowl, poultry
• 禽(とり)将(しょう)棋(ぎ) (torishōgi)

Usage notes

Rarely used in modern Japanese. The character 鳥 is used instead to spell the tori reading.

Korean

Hanja

禽 (eumhun 날짐승 금 (naljimseung geum))

1. Hanja form^? of 금 (“birds, fowl, winged animals”).

Vietnamese

Han character

禽: Hán Nôm readings: cầm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.