禽

禽 U+79BD, 禽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BD ← 禼 [U+79BC] CJK Unified Ideographs 禾 → [U+79BE]

Translingual

Han character

禽 (Kangxi radical 114, 禸+8, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 人卜山月 (OYUB), four-corner 8042₇, composition ⿱𠆢离)

Derived characters

• 噙, 擒, 檎, 蠄

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠘅, 𢢬, 𤢌, 𦡬, 𥋼, 𥼝, 𦔟, 𧴐, 𨆓, 𪒭, 𣍗, 𧈛
• 𮓄, 𮮓

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 848, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24893
• Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 199, character 4
• Unihan data for U+79BD

Chinese

trad.		禽
simp. #		禽
alternative forms		𢄕 𠎘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禽
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
𩃬	*qrɯm
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

In oracle bone inscriptions, pictogram (象形) of a net, originally the same character as 𠦒 and 畢. In bronze inscriptions, the phonetic component 今 (OC *krɯm) was added, making the character phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯm). This form was borrowed for its modern meaning, and the original meaning of "capture" came to be represented by 擒 (OC *ɡrɯm).

In the modern form, 今 has corrupted into 人 and 𠦒 into 离. Compare with 畢.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qín

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kam⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): kam⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kiam³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khîm

  (Hailu, HRS): kim

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kim²

• Jin (Wiktionary): qing¹
• Northern Min (KCR): kěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): kìng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): king²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khîm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kim⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kim⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶jin / ²jin
  • (Jinhua): ²jin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: qín
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kam⁴
    • Yale: kàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: kam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kiam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiam²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: kim^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰim²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kim
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰim⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kim²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰim¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰeiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: king²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kíng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: king²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
    • Tâi-lô: khîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiim
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kim⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰim⁵⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: kim⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰim²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin
    • MiniDict: jin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²jin
    • MiniDict: jin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /d͡ʑiŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɟiŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /d͡ʑin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑin²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /d͡ʑiŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /d͡ʑin³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ʑin²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /d͡ʑiŋ²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡ʑiŋ³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /d͡ʑiŋ²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²jin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /d͡ʑiŋ³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: gim

Rime
Character	禽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨金切
Baxter	gim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禽	禽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gim ›	‹ gim ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/	/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
English	bird; animal	catch, capture
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禽
Reading #	1/1
No.	6607
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	琴
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

禽

1. (literary) birds and beasts
2. birds (as a general category); fowl

   禽流感  ―  qínliúgǎn  ―  bird flu

3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 擒 (“to capture; to catch”)
4. a surname

Synonyms

• (birds): 鳥類／鸟类 (niǎolèi)

Compounds

• 並禽 / 并禽
• 五禽戲 / 五禽戏
• 信禽
• 冤禽
• 匹禽
• 原禽 (yuánqín)
• 夜禽類 / 夜禽类
• 委禽
• 家禽 (jiāqín)
• 德禽
• 攀禽類 / 攀禽类
• 智禽
• 水禽類 / 水禽类
• 涉禽 (shèqín)
• 游禽類 / 游禽类
• 演禽
• 猛禽 (měngqín)
• 珍禽
• 珍禽異獸 / 珍禽异兽 (zhēnqínyìshòu)
• 瑰禽怪獸 / 瑰禽怪兽
• 禽困覆車 / 禽困覆车
• 禽奔獸遁 / 禽奔兽遁
• 禽息鳥視 / 禽息鸟视
• 禽犢 / 禽犊
• 禽犢之愛 / 禽犊之爱
• 禽獸 / 禽兽 (qínshòu)
• 禽獸不如 / 禽兽不如 (qínshòubùrú)
• 禽荒
• 禽言
• 禽鳥 / 禽鸟 (qínniǎo)
• 良禽擇木 / 良禽择木 (liángqínzémù)
• 草薙禽獮 / 草剃禽狝
• 衣冠禽獸 / 衣冠禽兽 (yīguānqínshòu)
• 走禽
• 霜禽
• 飛禽 / 飞禽 (fēiqín)
• 飛禽走獸 / 飞禽走兽 (fēiqínzǒushòu)
• 魯禽 / 鲁禽
• 鳴禽 / 鸣禽 (míngqín)

References

• “禽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “禽”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 205.

Japanese

Kanji

禽

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. bird
2. (more specifically) chicken

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)^{←ごむ (gomu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きん (kin)^{←きむ (kimu, historical)}
• Kun: とり (tori, 禽)、とりこ (toriko, 禽)
• Nanori: とり (tori)

Compounds

• 家(か)禽(きん) (kakin): domestic fowl, poultry
• 禽(とり)将(しょう)棋(ぎ) (torishōgi)

Usage notes

Rarely used in modern Japanese. The character 鳥 is used instead to spell the tori reading.

References

• “^▲禽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

禽 (eumhun 날짐승 금 (naljimseung geum))

1. hanja form^? of 금 (“birds, fowl, winged animals”)

Vietnamese

Han character

禽: Hán Nôm readings: cầm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.