妗

妗 U+5997, 妗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5997 ← 妖 [U+5996] CJK Unified Ideographs 妘 → [U+5998]

Translingual

Han character

妗 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女人戈弓 (VOIN), four-corner 4842₇, composition ⿰女今)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6087
• Dae Jaweon: page 521, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1032, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5997

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 妗
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
𩃬	*qrɯm
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Etymology 1

trad.		妗
simp. #		妗

Fusion of 舅母 (MC gjuwX muwX) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìn (jin⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kam⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kim⁴

• Hakka (Hailu, HRS): zim
• Jin (Wiktionary): jing³
• Eastern Min (BUC): gêng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kīm / kǐm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gim⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
    • Wade–Giles: chin⁴
    • Yale: jìn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kam⁵
    • Yale: káhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: kem⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰim²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zim
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sim⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jing³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ging⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ging⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīm
    • Tâi-lô: kīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kim
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kim³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /kim²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Penang): /kim²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐm
    • Tâi-lô: kǐm
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kim²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /kim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gim⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin
    • MiniDict: jin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妗
Reading #	4/4
No.	6617
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𦧈
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯms/
Notes	宋人記舅母合音

Definitions

妗

1. (regional) wife of mother's brother

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 舅母 (“maternal aunt (wife of mother's brother)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		舅母
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	舅媽
	Taiwan	舅媽, 舅母
	Harbin	舅母
	Shenyang	舅媽
	Singapore	舅媽, 舅母
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	舅母, 妗子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	舅母
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	妗子, 妗兒妗兒
	Wanrong	妗子
	Zhengzhou	妗
	Xi'an	妗子
	Xining	舅母
	Xuzhou	妗子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	舅媽
	Lanzhou	舅母
	Ürümqi	舅母
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	舅母兒, 舅媽
	Wuhan	舅媽 >, 舅娘 <
	Guiyang	舅媽
	Kunming	舅媽 >, 舅母 <
	Guilin	舅娘
	Liuzhou	舅媽 >, 舅娘 <
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	舅母
	Yangzhou	舅母
	Hefei	舅嫫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	妗母, 舅母, 妗有
	Hong Kong	妗母, 舅母
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	大妗, 阿妗, 妗仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	阿妗, 妗
	Macau	舅母
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	妗母, 舅母
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	妗母
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	妗母
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	妗母
	Foshan	妗母, 舅母
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	妗母
	Foshan (Shunde)	妗母
	Foshan (Sanshui)	妗母
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	舅母
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	舅母
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	妗母
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	阿妗
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	阿妗
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	阿妗
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	阿妗
	Taishan	阿妗
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿妗
	Enping (Niujiang)	阿妗
	Heshan (Yayao)	妗母
	Dongguan	阿母, 妗母
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	妗母
	Shaoguan	舅母
	Yunfu	舅母
	Yangjiang	舅娘
	Xinyi	舅母, 舅奶
	Lianjiang	妗乸
	Nanning	妗母
	Wuzhou	妗母
	Yulin	妗婆
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	妗婆
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	舅母
	Singapore (Guangfu)	舅母
Gan	Nanchang	舅母
	Lichuan	妗兒
	Pingxiang	舅娘
Hakka	Meixian	舅姆
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	阿妗
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	舅娘
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	舅娘仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	舅娘
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	舅娘
	Changting	舅姆
	Wuping	舅姆
	Ninghua	舅母
	Yudu	舅母
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	舅姆
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	舅姆
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	舅姆
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	舅姆
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	舅姆
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	舅姆
	Hong Kong	舅母, 大舅娘 >, 舅娘仔 <
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	舅媽姆, 舅媽, 舅婆
	Sabah (Longchuan)	舅娘, 阿妗
	Senai (Huiyang)	舅娘
	Singkawang	舅姆
Huizhou	Jixi	舅姆
	Shexian	舅姆
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	舅姆
Jin	Taiyuan	妗妗, 舅母, 舅媽
Northern Min	Jian'ou	妗奶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	娘妗 <>, 依妗 ><
	Fuqing	母妗 <>, 妗 ><, 阿妗 ><
	Matsu	依妗
Southern Min	Xiamen	母妗, 阿妗 ><
	Quanzhou	阿妗
	Zhangzhou	母妗, 阿妗 ><
	Taipei	阿妗
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	阿妗
	Kaohsiung	阿妗
	Yilan	阿妗
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿妗
	Taichung	阿妗
	Taichung (Wuqi)	阿妗
	Tainan	阿妗
	Taitung	阿妗, 母妗
	Hsinchu	阿妗
	Kinmen	阿妗
	Penghu (Magong)	阿妗
	Penang (Hokkien)	妗
	Singapore (Hokkien)	阿妗
	Manila (Hokkien)	阿妗
	Longyan	妗婆仔
	Chaozhou	阿妗
	Shantou	阿妗, 妗
	Shantou (Chenghai)	阿妗
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	阿妗
	Jieyang	阿妗
	Haifeng	妗
	Bangkok (Teochew)	阿妗
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿妗
	Singapore (Teochew)	阿妗
	Leizhou	妗, 尼哯 <>, 哯 ><, 尼妗 <,<>
	Haikou	妗姩
Puxian Min	Putian	阿妗
	Xianyou	阿妗
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	妗母
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	妗娘, 舅娘
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	舅娘
Wu	Shanghai	舅媽
	Shanghai (Chongming)	舅媽, 妗媽
	Suzhou	舅姆
	Danyang	舅嫚
	Hangzhou	舅姆
	Ningbo	舅姆
	Wenzhou	妗娘兒
	Jinhua	舅母
Xiang	Changsha	舅媽, 舅娘, 舅娘子
	Loudi	舅母
	Shuangfeng	舅母基
	Hengyang	舅娘
	Quanzhou	舅娘
Note	> - wife of mother's elder brother; < - wife of mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face

Compounds

• 大妗
• 大妗子
• 妗仔
• 妗婆
• 妗媽 / 妗妈
• 妗子 (jìnzi)
• 妗母 (jìnmǔ)
• 母妗
• 阿妗

Etymology 2

trad.		妗
simp. #		妗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiān (xian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sian
    • Wade–Giles: hsien¹
    • Yale: syān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xem, tsyhem

Rime
Character	妗	妗
Reading #	2/3	1/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	許兼切	處占切
Baxter	xem	tsyhem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hem/	/t͡ɕʰiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/hem/	/t͡ɕʰiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/xɛm/	/t͡ɕʰjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛm/	/cʰiam/
Li Rong	/xem/	/t͡ɕʰiɛm/
Wang Li	/xiem/	/t͡ɕʰĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xiem/	/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiān	chān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	him1	cim1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlɯːm/, /*kʰjam/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妗	妗
Reading #	3/4	2/4
No.	6590	6579
Phonetic component	今	今
Rime group	侵	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	馦	䪜
Old Chinese	/*qʰlɯːm/	/*kʰjam/

Definitions

妗

1. used in 𡝫妗
2. (historical dictionaries only) beautiful

Etymology 3

trad.		妗
simp. #		妗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiān (xian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sian
    • Wade–Giles: hsien¹
    • Yale: syān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xeam

Rime
Character	妗
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	許咸切
Baxter	xeam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/xɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həɨm/
Li Rong	/xɐm/
Wang Li	/xɐm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰrɯːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妗
Reading #	1/4
No.	6576
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	㰹
Old Chinese	/*qʰrɯːm/

Definitions

妗

1. (historical dictionaries only) joyous
2. (historical dictionaries only, of a woman) frivolous

References

• “妗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “妗”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 205.

Japanese

Kanji

妗

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): せん (sen)、けん (ken)、かん (kan)、きん (kin)、ごん (gon)
• Kun: うつくしい (utsukushī, 妗しい)、よろこぶさま (yorokobusama, 妗)

Korean

Hanja

妗 • (geum) (hangeul 금)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

妗: Hán Nôm readings: cấm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nôm Foundation