人
Contents
Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
- 亻 (when used as a left radical)
Han character[edit]
人 (radical 9, 人+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人 (O), four-corner 80000, composition ⿸丿乀)
- Kangxi radical #9, ⼈.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 91, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 344
- Dae Jaweon: page 190, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 101, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EBA
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 人 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 千 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 仟 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 芊 | *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns |
| 阡 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 汘 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 迁 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 杄 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 人 | *njin |
| 仁 | *njin |
| 朲 | *njin |
| 佞 | *neːŋs |
Pictogram (象形) – side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | ||
Unknown.
Sagart (1999) relates it to Tibetan ཉེན (nyen, “relative”), from ཉེ (nye, “near”) + nominalizing suffix -n; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ *s-nej (“near”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes two etymologies:
- Same etymon as 仁 (OC *njin, “to be kind; to be good”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”). The semantic association of 仁 with 人 was somewhat late, in Mencius' time; later on, 仁 would be usually interpreted as "humane, acting like a human being".
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɲaʔ ~ *ɲah (“person”) with a nominalizing suffix -n, possibly from the auto-ethnonym of a hostile, possibly Austroasiatic-speaking, eastern people, whom the Sinitic-speaking Shang referred to as 人方 (OC *njin paŋ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人
- man; person; people (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)
- human being (Homo sapiens)
- body
- everybody; everyone
- 人人 ― rénrén ― everybody
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; character; personality
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- 主持人 ― zhǔchírén ― host
- manpower; worker; employee
- † talent; person of talent
- † other people; others
- 人云亦云 ― rényún yìyún ― to follow the crowd (lit. to say what others say)
- † common people; commoner
- † adult; grown-up
- † reason; cause
- † sexual intercourse
- † company; companion; friend
- † artificial; man-made
- † mortal; bodily; earthly
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “kernel”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “charity”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “loving; kind”).
- (Beijing) Lenition of 人家 (rénjia).
- (Taishanese) paternal grandmother
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 儂／侬 𠆧 | |
The Min native word for “person”; used as a replacement character for 儂／侬. Use of 人 is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (coastal Min)
- man; person; people; human being; Homo sapiens (Classifier: 個／个 mn; 隻／只 md)
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
- 伊人袂䆀。 [Min Nan] ― I lâng bē-bái. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― He is kind. (literally, “His personality is not bad.”)
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (Min)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひと (hito, 人, Jōyō); り (ri, 人); と (to, 人)
- Nanori: じ (ji); と (to); ね (ne); ひこ (hiko); ふみ (fumi); んど (ndo)
Compounds[edit]
- 人影 (jin'ei), 人影 (hitokage, “figure or shadow of a person”)
- 閑人 (himajin), 暇人 (himajin)
- 人人 (hitobito)
- 人為的 (jin'iteki)
- 人格 (jinkaku)
- 人語 (jingo)
- 人後 (jingo)
- 人権 (jinken)
- 人口 (jinkō)
- 人工 (jinkō)
- 人孔 (jinkō, “manhole”)
- 人行 (jinkō)
- 人皇 (jinkō)
- 人材 (jinzai)
- 人事 (jinji)
- 人種 (jinshu)
- 人心 (hitogokoro), 人心 (jinshin)
- 人身 (hitomi), 人身 (jinshin)
- 人生 (jinsei)
- 人選 (jinsen)
- 人体 (jintai)
- 人道 (jindō)
- 人徳 (jintoku)
- 人物 (jinbutsu)
- 人望 (jinbō)
- 人名 (jinmei)
- 人命 (jinmei)
- 人類 (jinrui)
- 人気 (ninki), 人気 (hitoke)
- 人間 (ningen), 人間 (jinkan)
- 人魚 (ningyo)
- 人形 (ningyō, “doll”)
- 人称 (ninshō), 人稱 (ninshō)
- 人数 (ninzū)
- 人相 (ninsō)
- 人垣 (hitogaki)
- 人柄 (hitogara)
- 人質 (hitojichi)
- 人魂 (hitodama)
- 人手 (hitode)
- 人出 (hitode)
- 人前 (hitomae), 人前 (ninmae)
- 人並 (hitonami)
- 人波 (hitonami)
- 悪人 (akunin)
- 偉人 (ijin)
- 異人 (ijin)
- 歌人 (kajin)
- 家人 (kajin)
- 佳人 (kajin)
- 華人 (kajin)
- 外人 (gaijin)
- 官人 (kanjin), 官人 (kannin), 官人 (tsukasabito)
- 漢人 (kanjin)
- 閑人 (himajin)
- 客人 (kyakujin)
- 求人 (kyūjin)
- 旧人 (kyūjin)
- 狂人 (kyōjin)
- 吾人 (gojin)
- 後人 (kōjin)
- 公人 (kōjin)
- 工人 (kōjin)
- 詩人 (shijin)
- 私人 (shijin)
- 証人 (shōnin)
- 商人 (shōnin)
- 新人 (shinjin)
- 成人 (seijin)
- 聖人 (seijin)
- 星人 (seijin)
- 前人 (zenjin)
- 善人 (zennin)
- 達人 (tatsujin)
- 旅人 (tabibito), 旅人 (tabinin), 旅人 (ryojin)
- 党人 (tōjin)
- 唐人 (tōjin)
- 俳人 (haijin)
- 廃人 (haijin)
- 非人 (hinin)
- 魔人 (majin)
- 無人 (bujin), 無人 (bunin), 無人 (mujin), 無人 (munin)
- 軍人 (gunjin, “serviceman, member of the military”)
- 老人 (rōjin)
- 大人 (otona)
- 代理人 (dairinin)
- 一人 (hitori)
- 二人 (futari)
- 三人 (sannin)
- 隼人 (hayahito), 隼人 (hayato)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| ひと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/pi1to2/ invalid IPA characters (12) → */pitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
人 (counter 人, hiragana ひと, katakana ヒト, rōmaji hito)
- person; human
- 2004 June 4, “レオニンの
従 者 [Leonin Squire]”, in フィフス・ドーン [Fifth Dawn] (in Japanese), Wizards of the Coast:- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
- Watashi wa ō kamo shirenai ga, heishi ya hitobito naku shite wa, watashi wa nanimono demo nai no da.
- I may be king, but without my soldiers and my people, I am nobody.
- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
- someone else
Usage notes[edit]
- When scientifically referring to humans, this term is often spelled in katakana, as ヒト.
Derived terms[edit]
- 弟 (otōto): younger brother
- 妹 (imōto): younger sister
- 舅 (shūto): father-in-law
- 姑 (shūto): mother-in-law
- 素人 (shirōto): an amateur, a novice
- 玄人 (kurōto): expert, professional
- 真人 (mahito), 真人 (matōdo), 真人 (mōto): a clan in ancient Japan; a noble; someone who is very honest and straightforward
- 首 (obito): a chief or boss; a clan in ancient Japan
- 客人 (marōdo): a visitor, a guest
- 商人 (akyūdo), 商人 (akindo): trader, shopkeeper, merchant
- 仲人 (nakōdo): go-between, matchmaker
- 囚人 (meshūdo): prisoner
- 人の世 (hito no yo): this world, the world of humans (as opposed to the world of the gods)
Synonyms[edit]
- 方 (kata) (honorific)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| にん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 人 (nyin, “person”). The goon, so likely the earlier borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The nin reading is used when counting three people or more. When counting one or two people as in 一人 (hitori, “one person”) or 二人 (futari, “two people”), the reading is り (-ri).
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| じん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |