人
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See also: 入 [U+5165 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5165], 𠆢 [U+201A2 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201A2], ㅅ [U+3145 HANGUL LETTER SIOS], and 亻 [U+4EBB CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EBB]
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Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
Han character[edit]
人 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人 (O), four-corner 80000, composition ⿸丿㇏)
- Kangxi radical #9, ⼈.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 91, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 344
- Dae Jaweon: page 190, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 101, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EBA
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Sagart (1999) relates it to Tibetan ཉེན (nyen, “relative”), from ཉེ (nye, “near”) + nominalizing suffix -n; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (“near”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes two etymologies:
- Same etymon as 仁 (OC *njin, “to be kind; to be good”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”). The semantic association of 仁 with 人 was somewhat late, dated to Mencius's time; later on, 仁 would be usually interpreted as "humane, acting like a human being".
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɲaʔ ~ *ɲah (“person”) with a nominalizing suffix -n, from the auto-ethnonym of a hostile, possibly Austroasiatic-speaking, eastern people, whom the Sinitic-speaking Shang referred to as 人方 (OC *njin paŋ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人
- man; person; people (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)
- 人類／人类 ― rénlèi ― humans
- 那人是誰？／那人是谁？ ― Nà rén shì shéi? ― Who is that person?
- 有人敲門了。／有人敲门了。 ― Yǒurén qiāomén le. ― Someone knocked on the door.
- 無論過去抑如今 無論海水有外深 我的身邊總有天地人 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 2021, 袁小迪, 天地人
- bô-lūn kòe-khì ia̍h jû-kim, bô-lūn hái-chúi ū gōa chhim, góa ê sin-piⁿ chóng ū thian tē jîn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- No matter in the past or the present, no matter how deep the ocean is, I always have the heavens, the earth, and people by my side.
无论过去抑如今 无论海水有外深 我的身边总有天地人 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- body
- everybody; everyone
- other people; others
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; character; personality
- manpower; worker; employee
- talent; person of talent
- (obsolete) common people; commoner
- 皇天上帝，后土神祇，眷顧降命，屬秀黎元，為人父母，秀不敢當。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Huángtiān shàngdì, hòutǔ shénqí, juàngù jiàngmìng, shǔ Xiù líyuán, wéi rén fùmǔ, Xiù bùgǎn dāng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
皇天上帝，后土神祇，眷顾降命，属秀黎元，为人父母，秀不敢当。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- adult; grown-up
- (obsolete) sexual intercourse
- (obsolete) company; companion; friend
- artificial; man-made
- (obsolete) human affairs; ways of the world
- (obsolete) mortal world; earthly word
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “kernel”).
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “charity”).
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “loving; kind”).
- (Beijing) Lenition of 人家 (rénjia).
- (Taishanese) paternal grandmother
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 人 (“man; person”) [map]
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 儂／侬 𠆧 | |
The Min native word for “person”; used as a replacement character for 儂／侬. Use of 人 is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (coastal Min)
- man; person; people; human being; Homo sapiens (Classifier: 個／个 mn; 隻／只 md)
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- 臺灣人／台湾人 [Hokkien] ― Tâi-oân-lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Taiwanese
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
Compounds[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (coastal Min)
References[edit]
- “人”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00068
- “Entry #52”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひと (hito, 人, Jōyō); り (ri, 人)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo); さね (sane); じ (ji); たみ (tami); と (to); ね (ne); ひこ (hiko); ひとし (hitoshi); ふと (futo); ふみ (fumi); むと (muto); め (me)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
⟨pi1to2⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/ → /çito/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pitə.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a person, human
- an individual
- Synonym: 個人 (kojin)
- mankind, people
- character, personality
- an average person
- Synonym: 世人 (sejin, yohito)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - (law) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - an adult
- someone (else)
Usage notes[edit]
- When scientifically referring to humans, this term is often spelled in katakana, as ヒト.
- From Old Japanese or Middle Japanese development, hito is sometimes shifted to -uto, -udo, -to, -tto, or -do.
Derived terms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Go-on borrowing from Early Middle Chinese 人 (MC ȵiɪn). Compare Shanghainese nyin.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a personality
- the role of that person
Derived terms[edit]
Counter[edit]
See also[edit]
Affix[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kan-on borrowing from Late Middle Chinese 人 (MC ȵiɪn). Compare Mandarin /ʐən/.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
When compounding, makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, “autonomous mora”) immediately before itself. For example:
- 中国 (ちゅꜜうごく) + 人 → 中国人 (ちゅうごくꜜじん)
- アメリカ + 人 → アメリカ人 (アメリカꜜじん)
- 朝鮮 (ちょうせꜜん) + 人 → 朝鮮人 (ちょうせꜜんじん; ん is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
- スペꜜイン + 人 → スペイン人 (スペイꜜンじん; ン is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
- ノルウェꜜー + 人 → ノルウェー人 (ノルウェꜜーじん; ー is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
There is one notable exception:
Affix[edit]
- man
- Short for 人造 (jinzō): artificial, synthetic
Etymology 4[edit]
From Old Japanese. The proto-form may have been -ri or -tari, see 二人 (futari, literally “two people”).
Counter[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 人 (MC ȵiɪn).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅀᅵᆫ (Yale: zìn) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm) | ᅀᅵᆫ (Yale: zìn) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [in]
- Phonetic hangul: [인]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Kunigami[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
人 (hiragana ぴぃとぅ, romaji psïtu)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Counter[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Counter[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
Counter[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
人: Hán Việt readings: nhân (
人: Nôm readings: nhơn[1][2][3][4], nhân[1][4], người[1]
- (Northern Vietnam) chữ Hán form of nhân (“human”).
- (Southern Vietnam) chữ Hán form of nhơn (“human”).
References[edit]
Yaeyama[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
人 (hiragana ぴぃとぅ, romaji pïtu)
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
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