人
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Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
- 亻 (when used as a left radical)
Han character[edit]
人 (radical 9, 人+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人 (O), four-corner 80000, composition ⿸丿乀)
- Kangxi radical #9, ⼈.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 91, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 344
- Dae Jaweon: page 190, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 101, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EBA
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Sagart (1999) relates it to Tibetan ཉེན (nyen, “relative”), from ཉེ (nye, “near”) + nominalizing suffix -n; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ *s-nej (“near”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes two etymologies:
- Same etymon as 仁 (OC *njin, “to be kind; to be good”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”). The semantic association of 仁 with 人 was somewhat late, dated to Mencius's time; later on, 仁 would be usually interpreted as "humane, acting like a human being".
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɲaʔ ~ *ɲah (“person”) with a nominalizing suffix -n, from the auto-ethnonym of a hostile, possibly Austroasiatic-speaking, eastern people, whom the Sinitic-speaking Shang referred to as 人方 (OC *njin paŋ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人
- man; person; people (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)
- human being (Homo sapiens)
- body
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - everybody; everyone
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; character; personality
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- manpower; worker; employee
- † talent; person of talent
- † other people; others
- 人云亦云 ― rényún yìyún ― to follow the crowd (lit. to say what others say)
- † common people; commoner
- † adult; grown-up
- † reason; cause
- † sexual intercourse
- † company; companion; friend
- † artificial; man-made
- † mortal; bodily; earthly
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “kernel”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “charity”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “loving; kind”).
- (Beijing) Lenition of 人家 (rénjia).
- (Taishanese) paternal grandmother
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 儂／侬 𠆧 | |
The Min native word for “person”; used as a replacement character for 儂／侬. Use of 人 is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (coastal Min)
- man; person; people; human being; Homo sapiens (Classifier: 個／个 mn; 隻／只 md)
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- 臺灣人 / 台湾人 [Min Nan] ― Tâi-oân-lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Taiwanese
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (coastal Min)
References[edit]
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00068
- “Entry #52”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひと (hito, 人, Jōyō); り (ri, 人)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo); さね (sane); じ (ji); たみ (tami); と (to); ね (ne); ひこ (hiko); ひとし (hitoshi); ふと (futo); ふみ (fumi); むと (muto); め (me)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| ひと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1to2⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pitə.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a person, human
- 2004 June 4, “レオニンの従者 [Leonin Squire]”, in フィフス・ドーン [Fifth Dawn], Wizards of the Coast:
- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
- Watashi wa ō kamo shirenai ga, heishi ya hitobito naku shite wa, watashi wa nanimono demo nai no da.
- I may be king, but without my soldiers and my people, I am nobody.
- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
- an individual
- Synonym: 個人 (kojin)
- mankind, people
- character, personality
- an average person
- Synonym: 世人 (sejin, yohito)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - (law) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - an adult
- someone (else)
Usage notes[edit]
- When scientifically referring to humans, this term is often spelled in katakana, as ヒト.
- From Old Japanese or Middle Japanese development, hito is sometimes shifted to -uto, -udo, -to, -tto, or -do.
Derived terms[edit]
- 人人, 人々 (hitobito, “people”)
- 人垣 (hitogaki)
- 人影 (hitokage, “figure or shadow of a person”)
- 人柄 (hitogara)
- 人気 (hitoke)
- 人心 (hitogokoro)
- 人質 (hitojichi)
- 人魂 (hitodama)
- 人伝 (hitozute)
- 人手 (hitode)
- 人出 (hitode)
- 為人 (hitotonari)
- 人並, 人並み (hitonami)
- 人波 (hitonami)
- 人の世 (hito no yo): this world, the world of humans (as opposed to the world of the gods)
- 人前 (hitomae)
- 人身 (hitomi)
- 商人 (akyūdo), 商人 (akindo, “trader, shopkeeper, merchant”)
- 弟 (otōto, “younger brother”)
- 首 (obito): a chief or boss; a clan in ancient Japan
- 狩人, 猟人 (karyūdo)
- 玄人 (kurōto, “expert, professional”)
- 蔵人 (kurōdo)
- 恋人 (koibito)
- 妹 (imōto, “younger sister”)
- 舅 (shūto, “father-in-law”)
- 姑 (shūto, “mother-in-law”)
- 素人 (shirōto, “amateur, novice”)
- 旅人 (tabibito)
- 官人 (tsukasabito)
- 仲人 (nakōdo, “go-between, matchmaker”)
- 隼人 (hayahito), 隼人 (hayato)
- 真人 (mahito), 真人 (matōdo), 真人 (mōto): a clan in ancient Japan; a noble; someone who is very honest and straightforward
- 客人 (marōdo, “visitor, guest”)
- 召人 (meshūdo)
- 囚人 (meshūdo, “prisoner”)
- 寄人 (yoribito), 寄人 (yoryūdo)
- 若人 (wakōdo)
Pronoun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| にん Grade: 1 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 人 (MC ȵiɪn). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”), so likely the earlier or initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Explain nasal basis for goon reading/borrowing”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a personality
- the role of that person