人
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms[edit]
- 亻 (when used as a left radical)
Han character[edit]
人 (radical 9 人+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人 (O), four-corner 80000)
- Kangxi radical #9, ⼈.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 91, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 344
- Dae Jaweon: page 190, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 101, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EBA
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 亻 component 𠆢 component 几 𠔽 𤯔 |
|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 人
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 千 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 仟 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 芊 | *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns |
| 阡 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 汘 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 迁 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 杄 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 人 | *njin |
| 仁 | *njin |
| 朲 | *njin |
| 佞 | *neːŋs |
Pictogram (象形) – side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyin4 / liin4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): reng1
- Min Dong (BUC): ìng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyin (T3); zen (T3)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): ren2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
- Wade-Giles: jên2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
- IPA (key): /ʐən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ren2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
- IPA (key): /zən²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jan4, jan4-2
- Yale: yàhn, yán
- Cantonese Pinyin: jan4, jan4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yen4, yen2
- IPA (key): /jɐn²¹/, /jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngin3
- IPA (key): /ᵑgin²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyin4 / liin4
- IPA (key): /n̠ʲin³⁵/, /lɨn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
Note:
- nyin4 - vernacular;
- liin4 - literary.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn
- Hakka Romanization System: nginˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngin2
- IPA: /ɲin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: reng1
- IPA (old-style): /ʐə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
- IPA (key): /iŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn
- Tâi-lô: jîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiin
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑin¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑin²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn
- Tâi-lô: lîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: liin
- IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ring5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jîng
- IPA (key): /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyin (T3); zen (T3)
- IPA (key): /n̠ʲɪɲ²³/, /z̻əɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Note:
- 3nyin - colloquial;
- 3zen - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ren2
- IPA (key): /ʐən¹³/
- (Changsha)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 人 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐən³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʐən²⁴/ /in²⁴/ |
|
| Tianjin | /in⁴⁵/ /ʐən⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʐẽ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐən⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʐẽ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʐə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʐə̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /zən³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /zen²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐə̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐən²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐən⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʐəŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən¹³/ /ȵin¹³/ |
|
| Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ 文讀 /ȵaŋ³¹/ 白讀 /naŋ³¹/ 訓讀 |
|
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃⁴⁴/ /niʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ian⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐən¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /in¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵin⁴⁵/ /lɨn⁴⁵/ ～參 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋin¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋin¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐn²¹/ |
| Nanning | /jɐn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /lin³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /iŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /neiŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ziŋ⁵⁵/ /naŋ⁵⁵/ 訓讀 |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zin³¹/ /naŋ³¹/ 訓儂 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如鄰切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵin/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rén |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rén |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | (other) person |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10800 |
| Phonetic component |
人 |
| Rime group |
眞 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
仁 |
| Old Chinese |
/*njin/ |
Definitions[edit]
人
- man; person; people (Classifier: 個／个; 位)
- human being (Homo sapiens)
- body
- everybody; everyone
-
人人 ― rénrén ― everybody
-
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; character; personality
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
-
主持人 ― zhǔchírén ― host
-
- manpower; worker; employee
- † talent; person of talent
- † other people; others
-
人云亦云 ― rényún yìyún ― to follow the crowd (lit. to say what others say)
-
- † common people; commoner
- † adult; grown-up
- † reason; cause
- † sexual intercourse
- † company; companion; friend
- † artificial; man-made
- † mortal; bodily; earthly
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “kernel”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “charity”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “loving; kind”).
- (Taishanese) paternal grandmother
Synonyms[edit]
| Dialectal synonyms of 祖母 (“paternal grandmother”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 祖母 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 祖母 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 奶奶、奶 |
| Taiwan | 奶奶 | |
| Jinan | 奶奶 | |
| Xi'an | 奶 | |
| Wuhan | 婆婆、奶奶、太 | |
| Chengdu | 婆婆、奶奶 | |
| Yangzhou | 奶奶 | |
| Hefei | 奶奶 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嫲嫲、阿嫲 |
| Hong Kong | 嫲嫲、阿嫲 | |
| Taishan | 阿人、人 | |
| Yangjiang | 阿婆、阿嫲 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 奶奶、婆婆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿婆 |
| Xingning | 阿婆 | |
| Huidong | 阿婆 | |
| Qujiang | 娭姐 | |
| Xiaosanjiang | 阿婆 | |
| Changting | 娭姐 | |
| Pingyu | 阿婆 | |
| Ruijin | 奶奶 | |
| Shicheng | 婆 | |
| Shangyou | 奶奶 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿婆 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 阿婆、阿嬤 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 阿婆 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 阿婆、阿奶 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 阿嬤、阿婆 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 阿媽 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 奶奶 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 嫲嫲、奶奶 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 依媽 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 阿媽、俺媽、內媽 |
| Quanzhou | 媽仔、俺媽、內媽 | |
| Zhangzhou | 阿媽、姆媽、內媽 | |
| Taipei | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Kaohsiung | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Tainan | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Taichung | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Hsinchu | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Lukang | 阿媽、俺媽、內媽 | |
| Sanxia | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Yilan | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Kinmen | 俺媽、內媽 | |
| Magong | 阿媽、內媽 | |
| Penang | 阿媽、媽、內媽 | |
| Chaozhou | 阿媽 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 阿婆 |
| Suzhou | 好婆、好親婆、親婆 | |
| Wenzhou | 祖婆娘、祖婆、娘娘 | |
| Chongming | 阿婆 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 娭毑 |
| Shuangfeng | 奶奶 | |
Descendants[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 人
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 儂／侬 𠆧 |
|
The Min native word for “person”; used as a replacement character for 儂／侬. Use of 人 is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
人 (Min)
- man; person; people; human being; Homo sapiens
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
Pronunciation 2[edit]
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nè̤ng
- IPA (key): /nˡøyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāng
- Tâi-lô: lāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: lang
- IPA (Xiamen): /laŋ²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /laŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǎng
- Tâi-lô: lǎng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /laŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng
- Tâi-lô: lâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: laang
- IPA (Taipei): /laŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nang7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nāng
- IPA (key): /naŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Definitions[edit]
人 (Min)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
人
Readings[edit]
- Goon: にん (nin, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひと (hito, 人, Jōyō); り (ri, 人)
- Nanori: じ (ji); と (to); ね (ne); ひこ (hiko); ふみ (fumi); んど (ndo)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 人影 (jin'ei), 人影 (hitokage): the figure or shadow of a person
- 閑人 (himajin), 暇人 (himajin)
- 人人 (hitobito)
- 人為的 (jin'iteki)
- 人格 (jinkaku)
- 人語 (jingo)
- 人後 (jingo)
- 人権 (jinken)
- 人口 (jinkō)
- 人工 (jinkō)
- 人孔 (jinkō): manhole
- 人行 (jinkō)
- 人皇 (jinkō)
- 人材 (jinzai)
- 人事 (jinji)
- 人種 (jinshu)
- 人心 (hitogokoro), 人心 (jinshin)
- 人身 (hitomi), 人身 (jinshin)
- 人生 (jinsei)
- 人選 (jinsen)
- 人体 (jintai)
- 人道 (jindō)
- 人徳 (jintoku)
- 人物 (jinbutsu)
- 人望 (jinbō)
- 人名 (jinmei)
- 人命 (jinmei)
- 人類 (jinrui)
- 人気 (ninki), 人気 (hitoke)
- 人間 (ningen), 人間 (jinkan)
- 人魚 (ningyo)
- 人形 (ningyō): a doll
- 人称 (ninshō), 人稱 (ninshō)
- 人数 (ninzū)
- 人相 (ninsō)
- 人垣 (hitogaki)
- 人柄 (hitogara)
- 人質 (hitojichi)
- 人魂 (hitodama)
- 人手 (hitode)
- 人出 (hitode)
- 人前 (hitomae), 人前 (ninmae)
- 人並 (hitonami)
- 人波 (hitonami)
- 悪人 (akunin)
- 偉人 (ijin)
- 異人 (ijin)
- 歌人 (kajin)
- 家人 (kajin)
- 佳人 (kajin)
- 華人 (kajin)
- 外人 (gaijin)
- 官人 (kanjin), 官人 (kannin), 官人 (tsukasabito)
- 漢人 (kanjin)
- 閑人 (himajin)
- 客人 (kyakujin)
- 求人 (kyūjin)
- 旧人 (kyūjin)
- 狂人 (kyōjin)
- 吾人 (gojin)
- 後人 (kōjin)
- 公人 (kōjin)
- 工人 (kōjin)
- 詩人 (shijin)
- 私人 (shijin)
- 証人 (shōnin)
- 商人 (shōnin)
- 新人 (shinjin)
- 成人 (seijin)
- 聖人 (seijin)
- 星人 (seijin)
- 前人 (zenjin)
- 善人 (zennin)
- 達人 (tatsujin)
- 旅人 (tabibito), 旅人 (tabinin), 旅人 (ryojin)
- 党人 (tōjin)
- 唐人 (tōjin)
- 俳人 (haijin)
- 廃人 (haijin)
- 非人 (hinin)
- 魔人 (majin)
- 無人 (bujin), 無人 (bunin), 無人 (mujin), 無人 (munin)
- 軍人 (gunjin): serviceman, member of the military
- 老人 (rōjin)
- 大人 (otona)
- 代理人 (dairinin)
- 一人 (hitori)
- 二人 (futari)
- 三人 (sannin)
- 隼人 (hayahito), 隼人 (hayato)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| ひと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/pi1to2/ invalid IPA characters (12) → */pitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
人 (counter 人, hiragana ひと, katakana ヒト, rōmaji hito)
- person; human
-
2004 June 4, “レオニンの従者 [Leonin Squire]”, in フィフス・ドーン [Fifth Dawn] (in Japanese), Wizards of the Coast:
- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
- Watashi wa ō kamo shirenai ga, heishi ya hitobito naku shite wa, watashi wa nanimono demo nai no da.
- I may be king, but without my soldiers and my people, I am nobody.
- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
-
- someone else
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 弟 (otōto): younger brother
- 妹 (imōto): younger sister
- 舅 (shūto): father-in-law
- 姑 (shūto): mother-in-law
- 素人 (shirōto): an amateur, a novice
- 玄人 (kurōto): expert, professional
- 真人 (mahito), 真人 (matōdo), 真人 (mōto): a clan in ancient Japan; a noble; someone who is very honest and straightforward
- 首 (obito): a chief or boss; a clan in ancient Japan
- 客人 (marōdo): a visitor, a guest
- 商人 (akyūdo), 商人 (akindo): trader, shopkeeper, merchant
- 仲人 (nakōdo): go-between, matchmaker
- 囚人 (meshūdo): prisoner
- 人の世 (hito no yo): this world, the world of humans (as opposed to the world of the gods)
Synonyms[edit]
- 方 (kata) (honorific)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| にん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 人 (nyin, “person”). The goon, so likely the earlier borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The nin reading is used when counting three people or more. When counting one or two people as in 一人 (hitori, “one person”) or 二人 (futari, “two people”), the reading is り (-ri).
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| じん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 人 (nyin, “person”). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- person from that group
- person who does the activity of the suffixed word
References[edit]
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
人 • (in)
Noun[edit]
人 • () (counter 人)
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
| Hán tự in this word |
|---|
| 人 |
Han character[edit]
- (Northern Vietnam) Hán tự form of nhân, “human”
- (Southern Vietnam) Hán tự form of nhơn, “human”
Noun[edit]
人
- Abbreviation of người. (only in handwriting)
- con 人 = con người
Alternative forms[edit]
References[edit]
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