呢
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
呢 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口尸心 (RSP), four-corner 67011, composition ⿰口尼)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3430
- Dae Jaweon: page 399, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 609, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5462
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nil): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil)
Etymology 1[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | 吶／呐 膩／腻 Hokkien 逆 Hokkien | |
Ota (1987) suggests that the particle used in questions comes from 聻 (MC nriX) [Five Dynasties], a particle which may come from 爾 (MC nyeX, “that”), and that the particle used to indicate an action in progress comes from earlier 哩 [Yuan dynasty], which may come from 裏 (MC liX, “place”) [Tang dynasty–Five Dynasties].
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
- Sentence-final particle indicating a reciprocal question; used to apply the previously asked question to a new subject. What about ...?; And ...?
- Sentence-final particle signalling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words.
- Sentence-final particle indicating continuation of an action or state, English present continuous. to be ...-ing
- Sentence-final particle used to make questions more indirect, to give the impression that the speaker is speaking to themselves.
- (Shanghainese Wu) Sentence-final particle expressing anger.
Usage notes[edit]
When expressing an action in progress, 呢 can be used with 正在 (zhèngzài) and 著／着 (zhe) in a sentence. This is the full pattern. Each part is optional. The use of 呢 implies a contrastive mood.
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
- “cloth”
- From French laine. In 《明史》, this word is also written as 嗹／𪡏. Cognate with Cantonese 冷 (laang5-1).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
- Used in 呢喃 (nínán).
- woollen cloth (for heavy clothing)
- 1853, 陳逢衡 [Chen Fengheng; Chin Hōkō], edited by 荒木謇, 𠸄咭唎紀略 [Yingjili jilüe; Egeresu kiryaku][1], page unknown:
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Substrate word. Compare:
- Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”): Zhuang neix (“this”), Thai นี้ (níi, “this”), Lao ນີ້ (nī, “this”)
- Proto-Mon-Khmer *niʔ ~ nih (“this”): Khmer នេះ (nih, “this”)
- Proto-Mon-Khmer *naaj (“deictic particle”): Khmer នាយ (niəy, “over there”), Vietnamese này, nầy (“this”), Vietnamese nay (“now”), Vietnamese nấy (“that”)
- Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔneinˣ (“this”): White Hmong no (“here, this”)
- Proto-Austronesian *nay (“deictic particle: this”), *qani (“proximal deictic: this”), *-ni (“proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now”): Malay ini (“this”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
Usage notes[edit]
- Unlike Mandarin 這／这 (zhè), 呢 cannot be used alone without a following classifier. See 呢個#Usage notes.
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
Etymology 5[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | le | |
From clipping of English level.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, gaming) levels (in a video game)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively) levels in a society; social class
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 6[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
Etymology 7[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
- Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng).
Etymology 8[edit]
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | 年 哖 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
呢
- (Min Nan) Used in some question words.
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
呢
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
呢 (eum 니 (ni))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
呢: Hán Nôm readings: ni, nài, nấy, nê, nỉ, nì, này
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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