早

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早 U+65E9, 早
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E9
← 旨
[U+65E8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 旪 →
[U+65EA]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

早 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 日十 (AJ), four-corner 60400, composition ⿱日十)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 489, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1483, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+65E9

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 早

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 早
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (早) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
早 *ʔsuːʔ
草 *sʰuːʔ
愺 *sʰuːʔ
騲 *sʰuːʔ
皁 *zuːʔ
皂 *zuːʔ

Early bronze inscriptions: Pictogram (象形) – acorn. Original form of 皂 (OC *zuːʔ) (once also written as 草 (cǎo)). Borrowed for "morning" sense.

Late bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsuːʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 棗 (OC *ʔsuːʔ), with 棗 sometimes simplified as 朿.

Small seal script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 日 (“sun”) + 甲 (“first”) – when the sun first rises.

In some ancient texts, 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ) was often used instead.

Etymology[edit]

Possible cognate found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntsi̯ouˣ (“early”), whence White Hmong ntxov and Iu Mien nziou (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; Schuessler, 2007), and Proto-Tai *ɟaːwꟲ (“early morning”), whence Thai เช้า (cháao) and Lü ᦋᧁᧉ (tsaw²).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • cā - vernacular;
  • cō̤ - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chá - vernacular;
    • chái - vernacular (for certain words);
    • chó͘/chó - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 早
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 豪 (89)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 子晧切
    Baxter tsawX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sɑuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sɑuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sɑuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sawX/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sɑuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sɑuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sɑuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zǎo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zou2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 早
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zǎo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsawX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Nə.tsˁuʔ/
    English early

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 早
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16546
    Phonetic
    component         		早
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		早
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔsuːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    早

    1. early; in advance; soon
      我醒得很早。  ―  Wǒ xǐng dé hěn zǎo.  ―  I woke up early.
      你能不能早一點來？ [MSC, trad.]
      你能不能早一点来？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ néng bù néng zǎo yīdiǎn lái? [Pinyin]
      Can you be here a little earlier?
      請問，我今天早走一會兒行嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      请问，我今天早走一会儿行吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Qǐngwèn, wǒ jīntiān zǎo zǒu yīhuìr xíng ma? [Pinyin]
      Please could I leave early today?
      Antonym: 遲／迟
    2. long ago; for a long time
      他早走了。  ―  Tā zǎo zǒu le.  ―  He left long ago.
      這個變壓器已經燒毀了，早該拆換一個新的了。 [MSC, trad.]
      这个变压器已经烧毁了，早该拆换一个新的了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè ge biànyāqì yǐjīng shāo huǐ le, zǎo gāi chāi huàn yī ge xīn de le. [Pinyin]
      This transformer has burnt out. It should have been replaced a long time ago.
    3. (early) morning
      我今早沒有見到他。 [MSC, trad.]
      我今早没有见到他。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ jīn zǎo méi yǒu jiàndào tā. [Pinyin]
      I didn't see him this morning.
    4. good morning
      老師早！／老师早！  ―  Lǎoshī zǎo!  ―  Good morning, teacher!
      Synonym: 早安 (zǎo'ān)
    5. before; in the past time
      現在這麼匆忙，你早幹嗎去了。 [MSC, trad.]
      现在这么匆忙，你早干吗去了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Xiànzài zhème cōngmáng, nǐ zǎo gànmá qù le. [Pinyin]
      So now you are in a hurry. What were you doing before?
    6. (Taiwan, informal) Short for 早上 (zǎoshang).; a.m.
      早八  ―  zǎo bā  ―  8:00 a.m.
    7. (Hainanese) breakfast
    8. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 早 (“early”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 早
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 早
    Mandarin Beijing 早
    Taiwan 早
    Jinan 早
    Xi'an 早
    Wuhan 早
    Chengdu 早
    Yangzhou 早
    Hefei 早
    Cantonese Guangzhou 早
    Hong Kong 早
    Yangjiang 早
    Gan Nanchang 早
    Hakka Meixian 早
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 早
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 早
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 早
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 早
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 早
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 早
    Jin Taiyuan 早
    Min Bei Jian'ou 早
    Min Dong Fuzhou 早
    Min Nan Xiamen 早
    Chaozhou 早
    Wu Shanghai 早
    Suzhou 早
    Wenzhou 早
    Xiang Changsha 早
    Shuangfeng 早
    Dialectal synonyms of 早安 (“good morning”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 早安, 早上好
    Mandarin Taiwan 早安, 早
    Guilin 早晨
    Liuzhou 早晨
    Malaysia 早安
    Singapore 早安, 早
    Cantonese Guangzhou 早晨
    Hong Kong 早晨
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 早晨
    Macau 早晨
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 早晨
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 早晨
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 早晨
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 早晨
    Foshan 早晨
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 早晨
    Foshan (Shunde) 早晨
    Foshan (Sanshui) 早晨
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 早晨
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 早晨
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 早晨
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 早晨
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 早晨
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 早晨
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 早晨
    Taishan 早晨
    Kaiping (Chikan) 早晨
    Enping (Niujiang) 早晨
    Heshan (Yayao) 早晨
    Dongguan 早晨
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 早晨
    Nanning 早晨
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 早晨
    Penang (Guangfu) 早晨
    Singapore (Guangfu) 早晨
    Hakka Meixian 恁早
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 早晨
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 早晨
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 早晨
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 早晨
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 恁早, 恁會早, 恁早萋
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 恁早
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 恁早, 恁會早, 恁早萋
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 恁早, 恁早萋
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 恁早, 恁早萋
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𠢕早, 堅早
    Sabah (Bao'an) 早晨
    Min Dong Fuzhou 早頭好
    Matsu 早安
    Singapore (Fuqing) 早頭好
    Min Nan Xiamen 𠢕早
    Quanzhou 𠢕早
    Zhangzhou 𠢕早
    Taipei 𠢕早
    Singapore (Hokkien) 𠢕早
    Manila (Hokkien) 好早起
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 早安
    Shantou 早安
    Singapore (Teochew) 𠢕早
    Wenchang 早上好
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 早晨
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 早晨
    Wu Shanghai 儂早, 早, 早浪好
    Xiang Quanzhou 早安
    Dialectal synonyms of 早餐 (“breakfast”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 朝食, 饔
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 早飯, 早餐
    Mandarin Beijing 早飯, 早點
    Taiwan 早飯, 早餐, 早點
    Tianjin 點心
    Ulanhot 早上飯
    Tongliao 早上飯
    Chifeng 早飯
    Bayanhot 早飯
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 早上飯
    Harbin 早上飯, 早飯
    Shenyang 早飯
    Yantai (Muping) 朝飯兒, 早飯
    Jinan 早飯, 早晨飯, 早點
    Luoyang 清早飯
    Wanrong 早起飯
    Zhengzhou 清早起來飯
    Xi'an 乾早飯, 早飯
    Yinchuan 早飯
    Lanzhou 早飯
    Xining 早起
    Ürümqi 乾早飯, 早飯
    Wuhan 早飯
    Huanggang 早飯
    Chengdu 早飯, 早餐
    Guiyang 早飯
    Kunming 早飯
    Guilin 早飯, 早點
    Liuzhou 早餐, 早飯, 早點
    Xuzhou 早點, 早上飯, 早飯
    Yangzhou 早飯
    Nanjing 早飯, 點心
    Hefei 早飯
    Nantong 早飯
    Malaysia 早餐
    Singapore 早餐
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 趕早飯
    Cantonese Guangzhou 早餐, 朝早飯, 朝
    Hong Kong 早餐
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 早飯
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 早飯
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 早飯
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 早飯, 朝頭
    Macau 早餐
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 早餐
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 早飯
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 早餐
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 早飯, 早餐
    Foshan 早餐
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 粥
    Foshan (Shunde) 早餐
    Foshan (Sanshui) 朝早飯
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 早飯
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 早餐
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 早餐
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 早餐
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 朝早飯
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 朝早飯
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 早餐
    Taishan 早餐
    Kaiping (Chikan) 早餐
    Enping (Niujiang) 早餐
    Heshan (Yayao) 早飯
    Dongguan 早餐
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 早餐
    Shaoguan 早餐
    Yunfu 早餐
    Yangjiang 朝
    Xinyi 朝
    Lianjiang 朝
    Nanning 過早
    Wuzhou 過早
    Yulin 早朝
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 早朝
    Danzhou 早朝
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 早餐
    Singapore (Guangfu) 早餐
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 早餐
    Gan Nanchang 早飯
    Lichuan 早飯
    Pingxiang 早飯
    Hakka Meixian 朝
    Xingning 朝
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 朝, 早餐
    Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 朝
    Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 朝
    Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 朝
    Huidong (Daling) 朝
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 朝
    Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 早餐, 朝
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 朝
    Boluo (Bendihua) 早餐
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 朝
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 朝
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 朝, 早餐
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 早餐
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 朝
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 朝
    Wuhua (Changbu) 朝
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 朝
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 朝
    Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 朝
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 朝
    Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 朝
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 朝
    Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 朝
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 朝
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 朝
    Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 朝
    Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 朝
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 朝
    Liannan 朝
    Conghua (Lütian) 朝
    Jiexi 朝
    Changting 朝
    Wuping 朝
    Wuping (Pingyu) 朝
    Liancheng 天光
    Ninghua 朝飯
    Yudu 晨朝
    Ruijin 朝
    Shicheng 朝飯
    Shangyou (Shexi) 早晨
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 朝
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 朝
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 朝
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 朝
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 朝
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 早頓, 早, 晨早
    Hong Kong 朝, 朝飯
    Luchuan 朝
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 朝, 早點
    Sabah (Longchuan) 早餐
    Senai (Huiyang) 朝, 早餐
    Singkawang 朝
    Huizhou Jixi 早飯
    Shexian 早飯
    Tunxi 天光
    Xiuning 天光
    Yixian 天光
    Qimen 點心
    Wuyuan 朝飯, 朝粥
    Jin Taiyuan 早清飯, 清早飯, 打早飯
    Pingyao 早起飯, 早晨飯
    Xinzhou 打早飯, 早起飯, 早升飯
    Taibus (Baochang) 早飯
    Linhe 早飯
    Jining 早飯
    Hohhot 早飯
    Baotou 早飯
    Dongsheng 早飯
    Haibowan 早點
    Min Bei Jian'ou 早
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 早
    Songxi 飯
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 飯
    Wuyishan 朝
    Pucheng (Shibei) 朝
    Min Dong Fuzhou 早
    Fuqing 飯, 早
    Zhouning 飯
    Min Nan Xiamen 早頓, 早起頓, 早起
    Quanzhou 早頓, 早起頓, 早起
    Yongchun 早起
    Zhangzhou 早頓, 早起頓, 早起
    Singapore (Hokkien) 早起頓, 早起, 早餐, 早頓
    Manila (Hokkien) 早餐, 早起
    Zhangping 飯
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 飯
    Chaozhou 眠起, 早餐
    Shantou 猛早頓, 猛早, 早飯, 早糜
    Haifeng 眠早
    Bangkok (Teochew) 早餐, 早頓
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 早餐
    Singapore (Teochew) 早餐
    Leizhou 早糜, 早
    Wenchang 糜旦, 天光糜, 早
    Haikou 天光糜, 天光, 天光早糜, 天光早, 天光白糜, 天光白
    Qionghai 早糜, 早餐
    Singapore (Hainanese) 早餐
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 早餐
    Sanxiang 早餐
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 過早, 朝飯, 點心
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 早飯
    Wu Shanghai 早飯, 早點
    Shanghai (Chongming) 飯
    Suzhou 早飯
    Wuxi 早飯, 早點
    Danyang 早飯
    Hangzhou 早飯
    Ningbo 天亮飯
    Wenzhou 天光
    Jinhua 五更兒飯, 五更飯, 五更兒
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 五更
    Xiang Changsha 早飯
    Loudi 早飯
    Shuangfeng 早飯, 晨飯
    Quanzhou 早飯

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    早

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]


    Kanji in this term
    早
    はや
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    早(はや) • (haya) 

    1. already, now
      はや数日(すうじつ)
      haya-sūjitsu
      (please add an English translation of this example)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 早 (MC tsawX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〯 (cwǒ) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    早 (eumhun 일찍 조 (iljjik jo))

    1. Hanja form? of 조 (“early”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    早: Hán Việt readings: tảo (子(tử)皓(hạo)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    早: Nôm readings: tảo[2][4][6], chảo[1], tảu

    1. chữ Hán form of tảo (“early; in advance”).
    2. chữ Hán form of tảo (“morning”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ^ Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=早&oldid=75522720"