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甲

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 田, 由, 申, and 曱
甲 U+7532, 甲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532
← 由
[U+7531] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 申 →
[U+7533]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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Han character

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See images of
Radical 102 甲

甲 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 田中 (WL), four-corner 60500, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 758, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7532

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 甲
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笚 *ʔl'aːb, *ɡraːb
閘 *klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb
鉀 *klaːb, *kraːb
甲 *kraːb
胛 *kraːb
岬 *kraːb
押 *kraːb, *qraːb
玾 *kraːb
呷 *qʰraːb
匣 *ɡraːb
狎 *ɡraːb
柙 *ɡraːb
翈 *ɡraːb
炠 *ɡraːb
鴨 *qraːb
庘 *qraːb

Pictogram (象形): A pictogram of the protective hard shell, carapace, or scales of an animal, or a suit of armor made of connected plates.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 甲
alternative forms 𠇚
𡴌
𤰒
鉀／钾

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“shell; shield”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲབ (khrab, “coat of mail; shield”). Perhaps related to 鞈 (OC *kuːb, *kruːb, “leather jerkin or cuirass”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gor6 - vernacular (“animal shell or carapace”);
  • gah6 - literary (“plate armor; the first of the ten heavenly stems”).
Note:
  • kah - vernacular (“shell; plate armor; nail; the first of the ten heavenly stems; number one”);
  • kap - literary.
Note:
  • 7ciaq, 7ciaeq, 1cia - literary;
  • 7kaq, 7kaeq, 7khaeq, 7khaq - vernacular.
Note:
  • ga6 - vernacular;
  • jia6 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 甲 甲 (指甲)
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia²¹⁴/ /t͡ɕia⁰/
    Harbin /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁵¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /ka²¹³/ 舊
    /t͡ɕia²¹³/ 新
    Chengdu /t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕia̠³¹/ /t͡ɕia̠³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiaʔ²/ /t͡ɕiaʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/ /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/ /kʰaʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/ /kʰaʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ka²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /kaʔ²¹/ /kaʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /kɔ⁵/ /kɔ⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    /ka²⁴/     		/t͡ɕia²⁴/
    /ka²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕiɒ²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kap̚¹/ /kap̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kɑp̚²²/ /kɑp̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
    Nanning /kap̚³³/ /kɛp̚³³/
    Hong Kong /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kap̚³²/
    /kaʔ³²/     		/kap̚³²/
    /kaʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɑʔ²³/ /kɑʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ka²⁴/ /ka²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kaʔ²/ /kaʔ²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ka⁵⁵/ /ka⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 甲
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 狎 (150)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古狎切
    Baxter kaep
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠap̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚap̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kap̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨp̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kap̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kap̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kap̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jia
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaap3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 甲
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiǎ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæp ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁr[a]p/
    English 1st heavenly stem; fingernail

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 甲
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5931
    Phonetic
    component         		甲
    Rime
    group         		盍
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		甲
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraːb/
    Notes 甲金文作十或田，
    象龜甲裂紋

    Definitions

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    甲

    1. shell; carapace
    2. plate armor
    3. nail (plate at the end of fingers and toes)
    4. the first of the ten heavenly stems
    5. number one; first; A
      中國足球協會甲級聯賽 [MSC, trad.]
      中国足球协会甲级联赛 [MSC, simp.]
      zhōngguó zúqiú xiéhuì jiǎjí liánsài [Pinyin]
      Chinese Football Association League 1
    6. (organic chemistry) metho-
    7. to be first in; to be unparalleled among
      桂林山水甲天下  ―  Guìlín shānshuǐ jiǎ tiānxià  ―  The mountains and rivers of Guilin are the finest under heaven. (A proverb)
    8. pronoun for an unspecified or unknown person or thing
    9. a surname
    Coordinate terms
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    Chinese heavenly stems: 天干 (tiāngān)edit

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    • → Thai: กาบ (gàap)
    • → Zhuang: gyap
    • → Old Turkic: qap

    Etymology 2

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    simp. and trad.
    		 甲

    Borrowed from Dutch akker (“field”) or morgen (“morning”).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    甲

    1. (Taiwan) unit of land (area) measure, equivalent to 2,934 坪 (píng) or 0.97 hectares,[2] roughly 2.1 acres

    Etymology 3

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    simp. and trad.
    		 甲
    alternative forms 𢓜
    徦
    到
    仔 (á)

    From 到 (kàu).

    Pronunciation 1

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    Definitions
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    甲 (Southern Min)

    1. Used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement.
      講甲真好／讲甲真好 [Hokkien]  ―  kóng kah chin hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to speak very well
    2. (Taiwan) to; until; to the extent
    Synonyms
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    • (used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement): 得 (dé)

    Pronunciation 2

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    Note: "kah" is read as "ká" since it reflects that the object for preposition "kah" (to [some extent]) should exist but is omitted.
    Definitions
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    甲

    1. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) very; really; badly
      今仔日寒甲。 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
      kin-á-li̍t kôaⁿ kah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      Today's really cold.

    Etymology 4

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    Probably from 敢 (kám, káⁿ).

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    甲

    1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) how is it that; how could
    2. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) since; as; now that; considering
    3. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) only after; only then; not ... until
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 才 (“only after; only then; not ... until”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 才2, 再, 方, 始, 方才
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 才2
    Singapore 才2
    Cantonese Guangzhou 先, 至, 先至
    Hong Kong 先, 至, 先至, 再
    Hakka Meixian 正
    Southern Min Xiamen 才3, 毋才
    Quanzhou 才3, 毋才
    Zhangzhou 才3, 甲, 毋甲
    Singapore (Hokkien) 才3
    Manila (Hokkien) 才3
    Shantou 正
    Singapore (Teochew) 正
    Wu Shanghai 再, 才2
    Suzhou 再
    Xiang Changsha 才至

    Compounds

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    Etymology 5

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    simp. and trad.
    		 甲

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    甲

    1. (Southern Min) alternative form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and; with”)

    Etymology 6

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    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    甲

    1. (Southern Min) alternative form of 共 (kā)

    Etymology 7

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    Homophone of 假 in Mandarin, from Hokkien pronunciation ké, from English gay.

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    甲

    1. (Taiwanese Mandarin) gay; homosexual

    Compounds

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    References

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    1. ^ Andrade, Tonio (2005), “Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates”, in How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century, Columbia University Press, →ISBN.
    2. ^ “甲”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
    • “甲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “甲”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 224.
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “甲”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 192.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    甲

    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    甲
    こう
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 甲 (kæp).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    甲(こう) • (kō) ←かふ (kafu)?

    1. carapace, shell
    2. something which is first; A
      Coordinate terms: 乙(おつ) (otsu, “second; B”); 丙(へい) (hei, “third; C”); 丁(てい) (tei, “fourth; D”)
      1. first in rank
      2. instep or the back of the hand
      3. the first party
    Derived terms
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    Proper noun

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     甲 on Japanese Wikipedia

    甲(こう) • (Kō) 

    1. the first of the ten heavenly stems
      Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
      Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    甲
    よろい
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spelling
    鎧

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    甲(よろい) • (yoroi) ←よろひ (yorofi)?

    1. armor

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    甲
    かん
    Grade: S
    kan'yōon

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    甲(かん) • (kan) 

    1. (music) treble range

    Etymology 4

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    Kanji in this term
    甲
    きのえ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi

    木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

    Pronunciation

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    Proper noun

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    甲(きのえ) • (Kinoe) 

    1. the first of the ten heavenly stems
      Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
      Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

    References

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    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 甲 (MC kaep). Recorded as Middle Korean 갑〮 (káp) (Yale: kap) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Compare modern Cantonese 甲 (gaap3) and Hakka 甲 (gab5).

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    甲 (eumhun 갑옷 갑 (gabot gap))
    甲 (eumhun 첫째 천간(天干) 갑 (cheotjjae cheon'gan gap))

    1. hanja form? of 갑 (“armor; shell”)
    2. hanja form? of 갑 (“the first of the ten heavenly stems; something A”)

    Compounds

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    Armor; Shell
    The first of the ten heavenly stems; Something A

    Noun

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    Hanja in this term
    甲

    甲 • (gap) (hangeul 갑)

    1. (in headlines) number one, thus the best
      "가성비甲" 획기적 상품 출시!
      "gaseongbigap" hoekgijeok sangpum chulsi!
      This innovative product is the best bang for your buck!
    2. (law) something A; the first party
      상기 乙은 본 문서에 명시된 업무와 관련하여 甲에게 근로를 제공한다.
      sanggi eureun myeongsidoen eommuwa gwallyeonhayeo gabege geulloreul jegonghanda.
      The B (employee) indicated above will provide labour to A (employer) according to the tasks indicated in this document.

    Usage notes

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    • A common convention in news headlines or legal documents, these particular senses are often written in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

    Antonyms

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    • (antonym(s) of “(law) something A; the first party”): 乙을 (eul, “something B”)

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    甲: Hán Việt readings: giáp[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
    甲: Nôm readings: kép[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], nháp[3][4][5][6][7], giẹp[4][5][6][7], ráp[3], xáp[7]

    1. chữ Hán form of Giáp (“first of the ten heavenly stems”)
      Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
      Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
    2. chữ Hán form of Giáp (“a male given name”)
      武元甲 ― Võ Nguyên Giáp
    3. chữ Hán form of giáp (“armour; carapace; cycle of twelve years”)
    4. chữ Nôm form of kép (“double; twofold”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bonet (1899).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Génibrel (1898).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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