甲

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See also: 田, 申, and 由

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
甲-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 102 甲

甲 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田中 (WL), four-corner 60500, composition ⿻囗十)

  1. armor, shell
  2. fingernails
  3. the first of the ten heavenly stems

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 758, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7532

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 甲
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
甲-oracle.svg 甲-bronze.svg 甲-bigseal.svg 甲-seal.svg

Pictogram (象形): a turtle shell.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 甲
alt. forms 𠇚
𡴌
𤰒
鉀／钾

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap ‎(“shell; shield”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 甲 甲 (指甲)
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia²¹⁴/ /t͡ɕia⁰/
Harbin /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕia²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁵¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /ka²¹³/ 舊
/t͡ɕia²¹³/ 新
Chengdu /t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕia̠³¹/ /t͡ɕia̠³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiaʔ²/ /t͡ɕiaʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/ /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/ /kʰaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ka²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kaʔ²¹/ /kaʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kɔ⁵/ /kɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia²⁴/
/ka²⁴/ 		/t͡ɕia²⁴/
/ka²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕiɒ²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kap̚¹/ /kap̚¹/
Taoyuan /kɑp̚²²/ /kɑp̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
Nanning /kap̚³³/ /kɛp̚³³/
Hong Kong /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kap̚³²/
/kaʔ³²/ 		/kap̚³²/
/kaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑʔ²³/ /kɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka²⁴/ /ka²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kaʔ²/ /kaʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/ /ka⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 甲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 狎 (150)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古狎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠap̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚap̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kap̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨp̚/
Li
Rong		 /kap̚/
Wang
Li		 /kap̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kap̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jia
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 甲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiǎ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæp ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤr[a]p/
English 1st heavenly stem; fingernail

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 甲
Reading # 1/1
No. 5931
Phonetic
component		 甲
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 甲
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːb/
Notes 甲金文作十或田，象龜甲裂紋

Definitions[edit]

甲

  1. armor
  2. shell
  3. nail (plate at the end of fingers and toes)
  4. the first heavenly stem
  5. number one; first; A
  6. A surname​.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 甲

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 甲

Borrowing from Dutch akker ‎(“field”) or morgen ‎(“morning”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

甲

  1. (Taiwan) unit of land (area) measure, equivalent to 2,934 坪 (píng) or 0.97 hectares,[2] roughly 2.1 acres

Etymology 3[edit]

simp. and trad.
 甲
alt. forms 𢓜
徦
到

From 到 (kàu).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

甲 (Min Nan)

  1. to arrive; to reach
  2. to; until; to the extent

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

甲

  1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; really; badly

Etymology 4[edit]

Probably from 敢 (kám, káⁿ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

甲 (Min Nan)

  1. how is it that; how could
  2. (Taiwan) since; as

Etymology 5[edit]

simp. and trad.
 甲

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

甲

  1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and; with”).

Etymology 6[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

甲

  1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of 共 (kā, kāng).

References[edit]

  1. ^ Andrade, Tonio (2005), “Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates”, in How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century, Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231503686.
  2. ^ “Entry #1857”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
甲

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

甲 ‎(hiragana こう, romaji kō, historical hiragana かふ)

  1. carapace, shell
  2. first in rank
  3. instep or the back of the hand
  4. the first party

甲 ‎(hiragana よろい, romaji yoroi, historical hiragana よろひ)

  1. armor

甲 ‎(hiragana きのえ, romaji kinoe)

  1. first sign of the Chinese calendar

甲 ‎(hiragana かん, romaji kan)

  1. treble range

Alternative forms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

甲 • ‎(gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune-Reischauer kap, Yale kap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

甲 (giáp, giẹp, kép, nháp, ráp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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