甲

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 田, 由, 申, and 曱
甲 U+7532, 甲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532
← 由
[U+7531] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 申 →
[U+7533]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 102 甲

甲 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田中 (WL), four-corner 60500, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 758, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7532

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 甲
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笚 *ʔl'aːb, *ɡraːb
閘 *klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb
鉀 *klaːb, *kraːb
甲 *kraːb
胛 *kraːb
岬 *kraːb
押 *kraːb, *qraːb
玾 *kraːb
呷 *qʰraːb
匣 *ɡraːb
狎 *ɡraːb
柙 *ɡraːb
翈 *ɡraːb
炠 *ɡraːb
鴨 *qraːb
庘 *qraːb

Pictogram (象形): a turtle shell.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 甲
alternative forms 𠇚
𡴌
𤰒
鉀／钾

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“shell; shield”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲབ (khrab, “coat of mail; shield”). Perhaps related to 鞈 (OC *kuːb, *kruːb, “leather jerkin or cuirass”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kah - vernacular;
  • kap - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 甲 甲 (指甲)
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia²¹⁴/ /t͡ɕia⁰/
    Harbin /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁵¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /ka²¹³/ 舊
    /t͡ɕia²¹³/ 新
    Chengdu /t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕia̠³¹/ /t͡ɕia̠³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiaʔ²/ /t͡ɕiaʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/ /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/ /kʰaʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ka²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /kaʔ²¹/ /kaʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /kɔ⁵/ /kɔ⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    /ka²⁴/     		/t͡ɕia²⁴/
    /ka²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕiɒ²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kap̚¹/ /kap̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kɑp̚²²/ /kɑp̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
    Nanning /kap̚³³/ /kɛp̚³³/
    Hong Kong /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kap̚³²/
    /kaʔ³²/     		/kap̚³²/
    /kaʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑʔ²³/ /kɑʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka²⁴/ /ka²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kaʔ²/ /kaʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/ /ka⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 甲
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 銜 (150)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古狎切
    Baxter kaep
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠap̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚap̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kap̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨp̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kap̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kap̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kap̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jia
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaap3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 甲
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiǎ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæp ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁr[a]p/
    English 1st heavenly stem; fingernail

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 甲
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5931
    Phonetic
    component         		甲
    Rime
    group         		盍
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		甲
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraːb/
    Notes 甲金文作十或田，
    象龜甲裂紋

    Definitions[edit]

    甲

    1. shell; carapace
    2. plate armor
    3. nail (plate at the end of fingers and toes)
    4. the first of the ten heavenly stems
    5. number one; first; A
    6. pronoun for an unspecified or unknown person or thing
    7. a surname
    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Thai: กาบ (gàap)
    • → Zhuang: gyap
    • → Old Turkic: qap

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 甲

    Borrowed from Dutch akker (“field”) or morgen (“morning”).[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲

    1. (Taiwan) unit of land (area) measure, equivalent to 2,934 坪 (píng) or 0.97 hectares,[2] roughly 2.1 acres

    Etymology 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 甲
    alternative forms 𢓜
    徦
    到

    From 到 (kàu).

    Pronunciation 1[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲 (Min Nan)

    1. to arrive; to reach
    2. to; until; to the extent

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲

    1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; really; badly

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Probably from 敢 (kám, káⁿ).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲 (Min Nan)

    1. how is it that; how could
    2. (Taiwan) since; as

    Etymology 5[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 甲

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲

    1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and; with”)

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲

    1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of 共 (kā)

    Etymology 7[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From English gay?”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    甲

    1. (Taiwanese Mandarin) gay; homosexual

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Andrade, Tonio (2005), “Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates”, in How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century, Columbia University Press, →ISBN.
    2. ^ “Entry #1857”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    甲

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    甲
    こう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 甲 (kæp).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    甲(こう) • (kō) ←かふ (kafu)?

    1. carapace, shell
    2. something A
      1. first in rank
      2. instep or the back of the hand
      3. the first party

    Proper noun[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    甲(こう) • (Kō) 

    1. the first of the ten heavenly stems

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    甲
    よろい
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    甲(よろい) • (yoroi) ←よろひ (yorofi)?

    1. armor

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    甲
    かん
    Grade: S
    kan’yōon

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    甲(かん) • (kan) 

    1. treble range

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    甲
    きのえ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    甲(きのえ) • (Kinoe) 

    1. the first of the ten heavenly stems

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 甲 (MC kaep). Recorded as Middle Korean 갑〮 (káp) (Yale: kap) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Compare modern Cantonese 甲 (gaap3) and Hakka 甲 (gab5).

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    甲 (eumhun 갑옷 갑 (gabot gap))
    甲 (eumhun 첫째 천간(天干) 갑)

    1. Hanja form? of 갑 (“armor; shell”).
    2. Hanja form? of 갑 (“the first of the ten heavenly stems; something A”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Armor; Shell
    The first of the ten heavenly stems; Something A

    Noun[edit]

    Hanja in this term
    甲

    甲 • (gap) (hangeul 갑)

    1. (in headlines) number one, thus the best
      "가성비甲" 획기적 상품 출시!
      "gaseongbigap" hoekgijeok sangpum chulsi!
      This innovative product is the best bang for your buck!
    2. (law) something A; the first party
      상기 乙은 본 문서에 명시된 업무와 관련하여 甲에게 근로를 제공한다.
      sanggi eureun myeongsidoen eommuwa gwallyeonhayeo gabege geulloreul jegonghanda.
      The B (employee) indicated above will provide labour to A (employer) according to the tasks indicated in this document.

    Usage notes[edit]

    • A common convention in news headlines or legal documents, these particular senses are often written in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

    Antonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    甲: Hán Nôm readings: giáp, giẹp, kép, nháp, ráp

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=甲&oldid=75487970"