作

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See also: 做
作 U+4F5C, 作
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5C
← 佛
[U+4F5B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 佝 →
[U+4F5D]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

作 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹尸 (OHS) or 人人尸 (OOS), four-corner 28211, composition ⿰亻乍)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 99, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 210, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 134, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4F5C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 作
alternative forms 㑅
𠆯

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 作
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j19019

Bronze inscriptions

b12327

b12328

b12329

b12330

b12331

Small seal script

s05788

Transcribed ancient scripts

L37977

L37978

L37979

L37980

L37981

L27237

L27238

L27239

L27240

L27241

L27242

L27243

L27244

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
作 *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊 *ʔsraːʔ
痄 *ʔsraːʔ
厏 *ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
詐 *ʔsraːɡs
咋 *ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮 *ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨 *ʔsraːɡs
炸 *ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
乍 *zraːɡs
拃 *ʔsraːnʔ
酢 *sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
祚 *zaːɡs
胙 *zaːɡs
阼 *zaːɡs
飵 *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
秨 *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
迮 *ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
柞 *ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
昨 *zaːɡ
怍 *zaːɡ
砟 *zaːɡ
莋 *zaːɡ
岝 *zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
鈼 *zaːɡ
筰 *zaːɡ
葃 *zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴 *ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
窄 *ʔsraːɡ
蚱 *ʔsraːɡ
齚 *zraːɡ
泎 *zraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs).

Etymology[edit]

Derivative: 做 (“to do”) (the departing-tone variant).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: zuó - variant pronunciation in 作料.
Note: dok1 - used in 做作 (“conduct”).
Note:
  • chok - literary;
  • choh - vernacular;
  • chòe/chò - substitute for 做 (zuò).
Note:
  • zoh4 - vernacular;
  • zag4 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 作
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo⁵¹/
    /t͡suo⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡suo⁵³/ 工～
    /t͡suo²⁴/ ～料
    Tianjin /t͡suo⁵³/ 工～
    /t͡suo²¹/ ～坊
    Jinan /t͡suə²¹³/
    /t͡suə²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡suə⁴²/ ～息
    /t͡suə⁵⁵/ 工～
    Zhengzhou /t͡suo²⁴/ 工～
    /t͡suo⁴²/ ～料
    Xi'an /t͡suo²¹/
    Xining /t͡su⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡suə¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡suə¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡suɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡suo²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡so³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡so²¹/
    Kunming /t͡so³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡suɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡suaʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡sʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡suaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡so²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sɔʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡so⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡so²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡so²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sɔʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sok̚¹/
    Taoyuan /t͡sok̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔk̚³/
    Nanning /t͡sɔk̚³³/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɔk̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sɔk̚³²/
    /t͡soʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɔuʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sɔ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sak̚²/
    /t͡soʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /to⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 作 作 作
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 模 (23) 歌 (94) 唐 (103)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open Open
    Division (等) I I I
    Fanqie 臧祚切 則箇切 則落切
    Baxter tsuH tsaH tsak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡soH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sɔH/ /t͡saH/ /t͡sak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡soH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡suH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zù zuò zuo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zou3 zo3 zok3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 作 作
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zuò zuò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsak › ‹ tsuH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ts]ˁak/ /*[ts]ˁak-s/
    English do, work do, work

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 作 作 作
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    No. 16641 16653 16661
    Phonetic
    component         		乍 乍 乍
    Rime
    group         		暮 暮 鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		佐 作 作
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔsaːɡs/ /*ʔsaːɡs/ /*ʔsaːɡ/
    Notes 祚原誤衤旁巾箱本不誤 乍轉註字

    Definitions[edit]

    作

    1. † to get up (from a place)
    2. † to get up (in the morning) and go to work
    3. † to begin to grow; to come into being
    4. † to arise; to come about; to happen; to occur; to break out
    5. to do; to perform; to carry out
      你在作什麼？／你在作什么？  ―  Nǐ zài zuò shénme?  ―  What are you doing?
    6. to work; to exert oneself
    7. to make; to manufacture
    8. to compose; to write
      作者  ―  zuòzhě  ―  author
      你作緊乜嘢呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
      你作紧乜嘢呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
      nei5 zok3 gan2 mat1 je5 aa3? [Jyutping]
      What are you writing?
    9. † to brace oneself; to boost
    10. † to feign; to pretend
    11. to work as; to serve as
    12. † to build; to construct
    13. † to play; to perform
    14. † to emit; to give out
    15. † to start; to launch
    16. † to be like; similar
    17. † Alternative form of 詛／诅 (zǔ, “to curse; to damn”)
    18. work; composition; article
    19. † affair; matter
    20. † measure; action
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to do):

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 作
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 唐 (103)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 則落切
    Baxter tsak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sɑk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zuo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zok3

    Definitions[edit]

    作

    1. workshop; studio; workroom
    2. (neologism, originally dialectal) contrived; artificial; affected; pretentious; dramatic; high-maintenance

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    作

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Related terms[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    作
    さく
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 作 (tsak, “to do, to work”). Compare Cantonese 作 (zok3), Wu 作 (7tsoq).

    Pronunciation 1[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    作(さく) • (saku) 

    1. a work, a production (particularly a cultural work, such as a work of art, of literature, or of theatre)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    作(さく) • (saku) 

    1. a crop, a harvest

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    作
    つく(り)
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 作る (tsukuru, “to make; to build; to work the land, to grow something”), itself from Old Japanese.[2]

    Pronunciation 1[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    作(つくり) • (tsukuri) 

    1. the workmanship or make of something, how something is made
      作(つく)りのいい家具(かぐ)
      tsukuri no ii kagu
      furniture of good make or workmanship, well-made furniture
    2. make-up, dress, comportment: how one dresses and comports oneself
      派手(はで)な作(つく)りは嫌(きら)いだ。
      Hade na tsukuri wa kirai da.
      I dislike colorful / flashy dress.
    3. a helping or serving of fresh sashimi, usually several slices
      鮭(しゃけ)の作(つく)りを楽(たの)しみにしている。
      Shake no tsukuri o tanoshimi ni shite iru.
      I'm looking forward to a helping of salmon sashimi.
    Usage notes[edit]

    More often spelled with the okurigana, as 作り.

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    • IPA(key): [d͡zɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]
    • The -tsukuri changes to -zukuri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
    Suffix[edit]

    作(づくり) • (-zukuri) 

    1. the making of something, particularly as in cultivation
      庭(にわ)作(づく)り、バラ作(づく)り
      niwazukuri, barazukuri
      gardening / garden cultivation, rose cultivation / growing roses
    Usage notes[edit]

    More often spelled with the okurigana, as 作り.

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 作 (MC tsak). Recorded as Middle Korean 작 (cak) (Yale: cak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    作 (eumhun 지을 작 (jieul jak))

    1. Hanja form? of 작 (“composition”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 做 (MC tsaH).

    Hanja[edit]

    作 (eumhun 만들 주 (mandeul ju))
    作 (eumhun 만들 자 (mandeul ja))

    1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 做 (“Hanja form? of 주/자 (“to make”).”)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 詛 (MC tsrjoH).

    Hanja[edit]

    作 (eumhun 저주할 저 (jeojuhal jeo))

    1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 詛 (“Hanja form? of 저 (“to curse”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    作

    Readings[edit]

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    作

    Readings[edit]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    作

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    作: Hán Việt readings: tác (即(tức)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], tố[3]
    作: Nôm readings: tác[1][2][3][4][6], sã[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of tác (“to do; to perform; to carry out”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    作

    Readings[edit]

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