百

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 百
alternative forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ): semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: bó - used in 百色.
Note:
  • bak1 - used as a standalone number;
  • bak2 - used in some compounds (e.g. 百貨).
  • Gan
    • Note:
    • bah6 - vernacular;
    • bet6 - literary (e.g. 百貨).
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • báh - vernacular (“hundred”);
    • báik - literary (“numerous”).
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • pah/peeh - vernacular;
    • peh/peeh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 百姓);
    • pek/piak - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 百
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 庚 (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 博陌切
    Baxter paek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/paɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 百
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bǎi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁrak/
    English hundred

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 百
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 194
    Phonetic
    component         		白
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		伯
    Old
    Chinese         		/*praːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    百

    1. hundred
      四百  ―  sì bǎi  ―  four hundred
      長命百歲／长命百岁  ―  chángmìngbǎisuì  ―  to live to be a hundred
    2. numerous; countless
      千方百計／千方百计  ―  qiānfāngbǎijì  ―  by every conceivable means
    3. every; all
    4. a surname: Bai; Baak; Bak

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (numerous):
    edit
    Synonyms of 百

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 百

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (百):
    • → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    • → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
    • → Vietnamese: bách (百)

    Others:

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    百

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    百
    ひゃく
    Grade: 1
    goon

    Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC pˠæk̚, literally “hundred”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    百(ひゃく) • (hyaku) 

    1. hundred
    2. a very many, lots, a lot
    3. one hundred years old, advanced age
    Usage notes[edit]

    This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

    Idioms[edit]
    Idioms
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Japanese numerical compounds with 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Hundreds of
    百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		二(に)百(ひゃく) (nihyaku) 三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 四(よん)百(ひゃく) (yonhyaku) 五(ご)百(ひゃく) (gohyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 七(なな)百(ひゃく) (nanahyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 九(きゅう)百(ひゃく) (kyūhyaku)
    九(く)百(ひゃく) (kuhyaku)     		何(なん)百(びゃく) (nanbyaku)
    数(すう)百(ひゃく) (sūhyaku)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    百
    もも
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /mo1mo1/ → /momo/

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    百(もも) • (momo) 

    1. (archaic) hundred
    2. (archaic) a very many
    Usage notes[edit]

    While the ho or o readings are only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

    Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    百
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    百(ほ) • (ho) 

    1. (obsolete) hundred
    2. (obsolete) a very many
    Usage notes[edit]

    While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o.

    Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    百
    お
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

    From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    百(お) • (o) ←ほ (fo)?

    1. (archaic) hundred
    2. (archaic) a very many
    Usage notes[edit]

    While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, o is only used in compounds. This o was previously pronounced ho, from ancient po (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

    Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Korean numbers (edit)
     ←  10  ←  90 100 1,000  →  100,000  → 
    10
        Sino-Korean: 백 (baek)
        Hanja: 百

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 百 (MC pˠæk̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 온〮 (Yale: wón) ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    百 (eumhun 일백(一百) 백 (ilbaek baek))

    1. Hanja form? of 백 (“hundred”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bá[2][3][4]
    百: Nôm readings: bách[2][3][4][5][6], bá[2][7][4][5][6], trăm[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    7. ^ Hồ (1976).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=百&oldid=72832478"