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魄

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
魄 U+9B44, 魄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B44
← 魃
[U+9B43] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 魅 →
[U+9B45]

Translingual

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Han character

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魄 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+5, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 竹日竹山戈 (HAHUI), four-corner 26613, composition ⿰白鬼)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45810
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1995, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4431, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9B44

Chinese

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trad. 魄
simp. # 魄
alternative forms 𩲸
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 魄
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra).

Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007).

"illuminated part of the moon"
Wang (1923) in 《生霸死霸考》 supports the definition by examining textual traditions of the Chinese classics and archaeological evidences from the Western Zhou era (c. 11th–8th centuries BCE). Bronze script texts from the era commonly use the form 霸 (OC *praːɡs).
"dark part of the moon"
Chiefly found in some old dictionaries based on another textual tradition, traced by Wang (1923) to the calendrical innovations of Liu Xin and later Confucian "pseudepigraphy".

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • Shaoxing:
    • 7phaq - vernacular;
    • 7pheq, 7phoq, 8boq - literary.
    Rime
    Character 魄
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 陌 (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 普伯切
    Baxter phaek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰaɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰɐk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/pʰɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		po
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		pak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 魄
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		pò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ phæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰˁrak/
    English bodily form or soul

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 魄
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 201
    Phonetic
    component         		白
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		拍
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰraːɡ/

    Definitions

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    魄

    1. (religion, folklore) the po, the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to 魂 (hún) which does.
    2. soul; spirit
    3. vigor
    4. body
    5. (archaic, Chinese astronomy) bright, illuminated part of the moon
    6. (obsolete, retroactively proscribed) dark part of the moon
    See also
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    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (魄):
    • → Japanese: 魄(はく) (haku)
    • → Korean: 백(魄) (baek)
    • → Vietnamese: phách (魄)

    Pronunciation 2

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    Definitions

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    魄

    1. sound of falling
    2. used in 魄莫
    3. used in 旁魄

    Pronunciation 3

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    Rime
    Character 魄
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 透 (6)
    Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 他各切
    Baxter thak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tʰɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tʰɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tʰɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tʰak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/tʰɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/tʰɑk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/tʰɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tuo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tok3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 魄
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 191
    Phonetic
    component         		白
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		託
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tʰaːɡ/

    Definitions

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    魄

    1. only used in 落魄 (luòtuò), alternative form of 落拓 (luòtuò)

    References

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    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “魄”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    魄

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. a soul

    Readings

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    魄
    たましい
    Hyōgai
    kun'yomi
    Kanji in this term
    魄
    たま
    Hyōgai
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 魄 – see the following entry.
    【魂たましい】S
    [noun] (religion, folklore) a soul, spirit
    [noun] mind, spirit, vigour, willpower
    [noun] (figurative) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm)
    [noun] (figurative, by extension) attitude, readiness
    [noun] discretion, judgement, prudence
    [noun] character, genius, talent, wisdom
    [noun] (from a warrior's "spirit") a katana (single-edged Japanese sword)
    【魂たま】S
    [noun] a soul, spirit
    Alternative spelling
    霊
    (This term, 魄, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    魄
    はく
    Hyōgai
    on'yomi
     魂魄 on Japanese Wikipedia

    From Middle Chinese 魄 (phæk).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    魄(はく) • (haku) 

    1. (religion, folklore) po (haku), the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to hun (kon) which does.
      • 2004 June 15, Rumiko Takahashi, “第(だい)１話(わ)　試(し)作(さく) [Chapter 1: Prototypes]”, in 犬(いぬ)夜(や)叉(しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 35 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 8:
        魂(こん)は心(こころ)…つまり魂(たましい)だ。そして魄(はく)は体(からだ)を動(うご)かす力(ちから)…
        Kon wa kokoro… Tsumari tamashī da. Soshite haku wa karada o ugokasu chikara…
        Kon is the heart… in other words, the soul. And haku is the force that moves the body…
      • 2004 June 15, Rumiko Takahashi, “第(だい)１話(わ)　試(し)作(さく) [Chapter 1: Prototypes]”, in 犬(いぬ)夜(や)叉(しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 35 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 8:
        魄(はく)ってやつがあれば、魂(たましい)のない死(し)骸(がい)でも動(うご)くんだな。
        Haku tte yatsu ga areba, tamashī no nai shigai de mo ugoku n da na.
        As long as it has this haku thing, even a soulless corpse can move.
    Derived terms
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    References

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    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    From Middle Chinese 魄 (MC phaek).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    魄 (eumhun 넋 백 (neok baek))

    1. hanja form? of 백 (“soul; spirit”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    From Middle Chinese 魄 (MC thak).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    魄 (eumhun 영락할 탁 (yeongnakhal tak))

    1. hanja form? of 탁 (“to wither and fall”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    魄: Hán Nôm readings: phách

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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