魄

魄	U+9B44, 魄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B44

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

魄 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+5, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹日竹山戈 (HAHUI), four-corner 2661₃, composition ⿰白鬼)

Derived characters[edit]

𡳺𩏳𥶱

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1461, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45810
Dae Jaweon: page 1995, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4431, character 9
Unihan data for U+9B44

Chinese[edit]

trad.		魄
simp. ^#		魄

Wikipedia has articles on:

魂魄 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
魂魄 (Cantonese)
Hun and po (English)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 魄
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
怕	pʰraːɡs, pʰraːɡ
帕	pʰraːɡs, mbraːd
粕	pʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	tʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	praːɡ, pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	pʰraːɡ, ɡeːwʔ
洦	mpʰraːɡ, mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	praɡ, preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra).

Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007).

"illuminated part of the moon": Wang (1923) in 《生霸死霸考》 supports the definition by examining textual traditions of the Chinese classics and archaeological evidences from the Western Zhou era (c. 11th–8th centuries BCE). Bronze script texts from the era commonly use the form 霸 (OC *praːɡs).

"dark part of the moon": Chiefly found in some old dictionaries based on another textual tradition, traced by Wang (1923) to the calendrical innovations of Liu Xin and later Confucian "pseudepigraphy".

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pò (po⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): paak³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): phiak / phek

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pò
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pò
  - Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
  - Yale: pwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
  - Palladius: по (po)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: paak³
  - Yale: paak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: pag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːk̚³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
  - Tâi-lô: phiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
  - Tâi-lô: phik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰek̚²/

Middle Chinese: /pʰˠæk̚/

Rime
Character	魄
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	庚 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	普伯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pʰɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	魄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pò
Middle Chinese	‹ phæk ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁrak/
English	bodily form or soul
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魄
Reading #	2/2
No.	201
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拍
Old Chinese	/*pʰraːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

魄

(religion, folklore) the po, the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to 魂 (hún) which does.
soul; spirit
vigor
body
(archaic, Chinese astronomy) bright, illuminated part of the moon
(obsolete, retroactively proscribed) dark part of the moon

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (魄):

→ Japanese: 魄(はく) (haku)
→ Korean: 백(魄) (baek)
→ Vietnamese: phách (魄)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bó (bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bok⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Yale: bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bok⁶
  - Yale: bohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔːk̚²/

Definitions[edit]

魄

sound of falling
Used in 魄莫.
Used in 旁魄.

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
  - Yale: twò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tok³
  - Yale: tok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑk̚/

Rime
Character	魄
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魄
Reading #	1/2
No.	191
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	託
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

魄

Only used in 落魄 (luòtuò), alternative form of 落拓 (luòtuò).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

魄

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

a soul

Readings[edit]

Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku); たく (taku)
Kan-on: はく (haku); たく (taku)
On: ばく (baku)
Kun: たま (tama, 魄); たましい (tamashii, 魄しい)^{←たましひ (tamasifi, historical)}

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
魄
たま Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Perhaps from 玉 (tama, “jewel”)

Noun[edit]

魄(たま) • (tama)

Alternative spelling of 魂 (“soul”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
魄
はく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

魂魄 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 魄 (phæk).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) はく [háꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ha̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun[edit]

魄(はく) • (haku)

(religion, folklore) po (haku), the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to hun (kon) which does.
- 2004 June 15, Takahashi, Rumiko, “第(だい)１話(わ)　試(し)作(さく) [Chapter 1: Prototypes]”, in 犬(いぬ)夜(や)叉(しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 35 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 8:
  
  魂(こん)は心(こころ)…つまり魂(たましい)だ。そして魄(はく)は体(からだ)を動(うご)かす力(ちから)…
  Kon wa kokoro… Tsumari tamashī da. Soshite haku wa karada o ugokasu chikara…
  Kon is the heart… in other words, the soul. And haku is the force that moves the body…
- 2004 June 15, Takahashi, Rumiko, “第(だい)１話(わ)　試(し)作(さく) [Chapter 1: Prototypes]”, in 犬(いぬ)夜(や)叉(しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 35 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 8:
  
  魄(はく)ってやつがあれば、魂(たましい)のない死(し)骸(がい)でも動(うご)くんだな。
  Haku tte yatsu ga areba, tamashī no nai shigai de mo ugoku n da na.
  As long as it has this haku thing, even a soulless corpse can move.

Derived terms[edit]

魂(こん)魄(ぱく) (konpaku)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 魄 (MC pʰˠæk̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᄑᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: phóyk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (póyk)^訓 (Yale: póyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pɛk̚] ~ [pe̞k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [백/벡]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

魄

Wikisource

魄, eumhun 넋 백 (neok baek)

Hanja form^? of 백 (“soul; spirit”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

혼백 (魂魄, honbaek)
요백 (曜魄, yobaek)
옥백 (玉魄, okbaek)
기백 (氣魄, gibaek)
계백 (桂魄, gyebaek)
혼비백산 (魂飛魄散, honbibaeksan)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 魄 (MC tʰɑk̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (Yale: thák) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰa̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [탁]

Hanja[edit]

魄, eumhun 영락할 탁 (yeongnakhal tak)

Hanja form^? of 탁 (“to wither and fall”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

낙탁 (落魄, naktak)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

魄: Hán Nôm readings: phách

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

魄

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

See also[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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