魂
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
魂 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一戈竹戈 (MIHI), four-corner 16713, composition ⿰云鬼)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1461, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45787
- Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4428, character 9
- Unihan data for U+9B42
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 魂 | |
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simp. # | 魂 | |
alternative forms | 䰟 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 魂 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢuːn): phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun) + semantic 鬼.
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (Carr, 1985).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
魂
- (religion, folklore) the hun, the soul which goes to heaven, as opposed to the 魄 (pò), which goes down to the earth with the body at death.
- soul; spirit
- mood
- the lofty spirit of a nation or people
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ごん (gon)
- Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
- Kun: たま (tama, 魂); たましい (tamashii, 魂, Jōyō)←たましひ (tamasifi, 魂, historical)
- Nanori: こころ (kokoro); もと (moto)
Compounds[edit]
- 魂胆 (kontan)
- 魂柱 (konchū)
- 魂魄 (konpaku)
- 英魂 (eikon)
- 還魂 (kankon)
- 気魂 (kikon)
- 吟魂 (ginkon)
- 香魂 (kōkon)
- 士魂 (shikon)
- 詩魂 (shikon)
- 入魂 (jikkon)
- 商魂 (shōkon)
- 招魂 (shōkon)
- 消魂, 銷魂 (shōkon)
- 蜀魂 (shokkon)
- 入魂 (jukon)
- 入魂 (jukkon)
- 心魂, 神魂 (shinkon)
- 身魂 (shinkon)
- 精魂 (seikon)
- 奪魂 (dakkon)
- 脱魂 (dakkon)
- 忠魂 (chūkon)
- 鎮魂 (chinkon)
- 闘魂 (tōkon)
- 入魂 (nyūkon)
- 反魂 (hangon)
- 亡魂 (bōkon)
- 芳魂 (hōkon)
- 夢魂 (mukon)
- 幽魂 (yūkon)
- 遊離魂 (yūrikon)
- 離魂病 (rikonbyō)
- 霊魂 (reikon)
- 神魂命 (Kamimusubi no Mikoto)
- 蜀魂 (hototogisu)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魂 |
たましい Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
⟨tamasipi1⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tamasipi.
Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
魂 • (tamashī) ←たましひ (tamasifi)?
- (religion, folklore) a soul, spirit
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3767), text here
- 多麻之比波安之多由布敝尓多麻布礼杼安我牟祢伊多之古非能之氣吉尓 [Man'yōgana]
- 魂は朝夕にたまふれど我が胸痛し恋の繁きに [Modern spelling]
- tamashī wa ashita-yūbe ni tamafuredo aga mune itashi koi no shigeki ni
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3767), text here
- mind, spirit, vigor/vigour, willpower
- (figurative) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm)
- (figurative, by extension) attitude, readiness
- Synonym: 気構え (kigamae)
- discretion, judgement, prudence
- character, genius, talent, wisdom
- (from a warrior's "spirit") a katana (single-edged Japanese sword)
- Synonym: 刀 (katana)
Derived terms[edit]
Idioms[edit]
Proverbs[edit]
- 一寸の虫にも五分の魂 (issun no mushi ni mo gobu no tamashī)
- 仏作って魂入れず (hotoke tsukutte tamashī irezu)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魂 |
たま Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tama.
Thought to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “jewel”).[1]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a soul, spirit
- 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 10, poem 448)
- 空蟬のからは木ごとにとどむれどたまのゆくへを見ぬぞかなしき
- utsusemi no kara-wa-ki-goto ni todomuredo tama no yukue o minu zo kanashiki
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 空蟬のからは木ごとにとどむれどたまのゆくへを見ぬぞかなしき
- Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)
- 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 10, poem 448)
Derived terms[edit]
- 魂合う (tamāu)
- 魂送り (tamaokuri)
- 魂緒の星 (Tamao no Hoshi)
- 魂消る (tamagiru)
- 魂極る (tama kiwaru, pillow word)
- 魂消る (tamageru)
- 魂離る (tamasakaru)
- 鎮魂 (tamashizume)
- 魂棚 (tamadana)
- 魂殿 (tamadono)
- 魂振り (tamafuri)
- 魂讃星 (Tamahomeboshi)
- 魂祭 (tama-matsuri), 魂祭り (tama-matsuri)
- 魂迎え (tamamukae)
- 魂結び (tamamusubi)
- 魂屋 (tamaya)
- 魂呼ばい (tamayobai), 魂呼び (tamayobi)
- 悪魂 (akudama)
- 稲魂 (inatama), 稲魂 (inadama)
- 肝魂 (kimodama), 肝魂 (kimotama), 肝っ魂 (kimottama)
- 国魂 (kunitama)
- 心魂 (kokorodama)
- 木魂 (kodama), 木魂 (kotama)
- 根性魂 (konjō-dama)
- 亡き魂 (nakitama)
- 和魂 (nikitama)
- 人魂 (hitodama)
- 船魂 (funadama)
- 御魂 (mitama)
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魂 |
こん Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC ɦuən).
Compare modern Mandarin 魂 (hún)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 和魂 (wakon)
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魂 |
こころ Grade: S |
irregular |
From 心 (kokoro, “heart, mind, spirit”).
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC ɦuən).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸʷo̞n]
- Phonetic hangul: [혼]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魂 |
たまし Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Noun[edit]
魂 (tamashi)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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魂 |
たましー Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Noun[edit]
魂 (tamashī)
References[edit]
- “タマシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
- “タマシー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
魂: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hun, hùn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
魂
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 魂 (tamashī)
Noun[edit]
魂 (hiragana たまち, rōmaji tamachi)
References[edit]
- “たまち【魂】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading こころ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading もと
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- ryu:Religion
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